Závěrečná zpráva o řešení grantu Agentury pro zdravotnický výzkum MZ ČR
nestr.
Next generation sequencing (NGS) and other new methods brought a large amount of data on tumour biology and facilitated the development of new methods for diagnostics and minimal residual disease (MRD) detection. The transfer of those methods into routine management is complicated by their numbers, costs and redundancy. In international cooperation we want to develop a tool for simultaneous detection of clonality, MRD and profile of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangements in infiltrating physiological lymphocytes. The methodology will unite and simplify the current methods, while providing new data on immune response. We will validate the method on retrospective cohort of patients with anaplastic large cell lymphoma and prospectively on samples from children and adolescents with lymphoma. The utility in non-lymphoid malignancies will be tested in children with low-and high-grade gliomas. Next to the standardized methodology, the project will bring new information on the composition of infiltrating immune cells (mainly T lymphocytes) and a potential for immunotherapy.
Nové metody jako sekvenování nové generace (NGS) přinesly obrovské množství informací o nádorové biologii a umožnily vývoj nových metod pro diagnostiku a sledování zbytkové choroby (MRN). Transfer nových metod do praxe je komplikován jejich množstvím, finanční náročností i redundancí. V mezinárodní spolupráci chceme vyvinout nástroj na simultánní detekci klonality, MRN a profilu přestaveb genů pro imunoglobuliny a T-buněčné receptory infiltrujících fyziologických lymfocytů. Postup bude sjednocovat a zjednodušovat stávající metodiky a zároveň poskytne nová data o imunitní odpovědi na nádor. Metodu chceme validovat na retrospektivní kohortě pacientů s anaplastickým velkobuněčným lymfomem a prospektivně na vzorcích dětských a adolescentních pacientů s lymfomy. Využití u jiných než lymfoidních malignit chceme testovat u dětí s mozkovými tumory (low- a high-grade gliomy). Výstupem projektu bude kromě standardizovaného metodického postupu prohloubení znalostí o složení a funkci infiltrujících imunitních buněk (především T lymfocytů) a zmapování prostoru pro cílení imunoterapie.
- Klíčová slova
- sekvenování nové generace, průtoková cytometrie, minimální reziduální nemoc, minimal residual disease, flow cytometry, lymfom, lymphoma, Next-generation sequencing, immune monitoring, cell-free DNA, tumor infiltrující lymfocyty, Immune checkpoints, imunomonitoring, imunitní kontrolní body, přestavby genů pro imunoglobuliny a T-buněčné receptory, gamadelta T lymfocyty, immunoglobulin and T-cell rearrangement, gammadelta T lymphocytes, volná nádorová DNA, tumour infiltrating lymphocytes,
- NLK Publikační typ
- závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR
MEDNIK syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by mental retardation, enteropathy, deafness, peripheral neuropathy, ichthyosis, and keratoderma, and caused by variants in the adaptor-related protein complex 1 subunit sigma 1 (AP1S1) gene. This gene encodes the σ1A protein, which is a subunit of the adaptor protein complex 1 (AP-1), a key component of the intracellular protein trafficking machinery. Previous work identified three AP1S1 nonsense, frameshift and splice-site variants in MEDNIK patients predicted to encode truncated σ1A proteins, with consequent AP-1 dysfunction. However, two AP1S1 missense variants (c.269 T > C and c.346G > A) were recently reported in patients who presented with severe enteropathy but no additional symptoms of MEDNIK. This condition was described as a novel non-syndromic form of congenital diarrhea caused specifically by the AP1S1 missense variants. In this study, we report two patients with the same c.269 T > C variant, who, contrary to the previous cases, presented as complete MEDNIK syndrome. These data substantially revise the presentation of disorders associated with AP1S1 gene variants and indicate that all the identified pathogenic AP1S1 variants result in MEDNIK syndrome. We also provide a series of functional analyses that elucidate the impact of the c.269 T > C variant on σ1A function, contributing to a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of MEDNIK syndrome. KEY MESSAGES: A missense AP1S1 c.269 T > C (σ1A L90P) variant causes full MEDNIK syndrome. The σ1A L90P variant is largely unable to assemble into the AP-1 complex. The σ1A L90P variant fails to bind [DE]XXXL[LI] sorting motifs. The σ1A L90P variant results in loss-of-function of the protein.
- MeSH
- adaptorový proteinový komplex - sigma-podjednotky * genetika MeSH
- adaptorový proteinový komplex 1 * genetika MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mentální retardace genetika MeSH
- missense mutace * MeSH
- průjem genetika MeSH
- syndrom MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural MeSH
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) screening je souhrnný název pro nástroj časné detekce řady závažných vrozených poruch imunity. Současná kvantifikace excizních DNA molekul TREC a KREC umožňuje časně diagnostikovat závažné buněčné i protilátkové vrozené defekty imunity. Do dvouletého pilotního programu screeningu se v letech 2022–2023 v České republice zapojilo > 90 % novorozenců (vyšetřeno bylo 198 675 vzorků). Diagnostikováni byli 2 pacienti se SCID na podkladě CD3 epsilon deficience a atypického kompletního DiGeorgova syndromu a dalších 17 pacientů s jinými vrozenými poruchami imunity, z toho 9 s agamaglobulinemií. U dvou pacientů se SCID umožnil screening časnou kauzální terapii, tj. transplantaci hematopoetických buněk / thymu, u non-SCID pacientů vedla časná znalost jejich diagnózy k zavedení adekvátních režimových a profylaktických opatření za účelem snížení jejich následné morbidity. Od 1. ledna 2024 byl screening závažných vrozených poruch imunity spolu se spinální muskulární atrofií integrován do celoplošného novorozeneckého laboratorního screeningu.
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) screening is a collective term for an early detection tool for a range of serious inborn errors of immunity. The quantification of excision DNA molecules TREC and KREC allows for early diagnosis of severe cellular and antibody immune defects. The recently concluded Czech pilot screening program (2022-2023) included over 90% of newborns (with 198,675 samples examined). Two patients with SCID were diagnosed based on CD3 epsilon deficiency and atypical complete DiGeorge syndrome, and another 17 patients were found to have other inborn errors of immunity, including 9 agammaglobulinemia. Screening enabled early causal therapy, i.e., hematopoietic cell/thymus transplantation, for two SCID patients, while early diagnosis in non-SCID patients led to the implementation of appropriate regimen and prophylactic measures to reduce subsequent morbidity. As of January 1, 2024, screening for severe inborn errors of immunity, along with screening for spinal muscular atrophy, becomes integral part of the national laboratory newborn screening program.
- MeSH
- agamaglobulinemie diagnóza farmakoterapie genetika MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- kombinovaná protilátková terapie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenecký screening MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- primární imunodeficience * diagnóza genetika terapie MeSH
- těžká kombinovaná imunodeficience diagnóza genetika terapie MeSH
- thymus abnormality patologie MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk metody MeSH
- transplantace orgánů MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Deficiencia adenozín-deaminázy 2. typu (DADA2) je autoinflamačné ochorenie, ktoré bolo identifikované v roku 2014 ako monogénová príčina systémovej vaskulitídy charakteru polyarteritis nodosa, s prejavom febrilít, livedo racemosa, periférnych nekróz a skorého vzniku cievnych mozgových príhod. Za ostatných 10 rokov sa poznanie o fenotypovom spektre DADA2 značne rozšírilo. 378 prípadov doposiaľ publikovaných v svetovej literatúre radí DADA2 k zriedkavým ochoreniam, ale reprezentujú iba zlomok z celosvetovo odhadovaných 35 000 postihnutých jedincov (odhadovaná prevalencia ~ 1 : 222 000). Predstavujeme kazuistiky prvých 3 slovenských pacientov s geneticky aj laboratórne potvrdeným ochorením DADA2. Ilustrujú 3 krajné fenotypy tejto choroby – inflamatórne-vaskulopatický, imunodeficientný a hematologický, ktoré sa v niektorých charakteristikách prelínajú. Naša skúsenosť potvrdzuje nutnosť interdisciplinárnej starostlivosti a multimodálnej liečby tohto ochorenia. Vzhľadom na veľmi heterogénny klinický obraz je dôležité zvyšovať povedomie o DADA2, keďže aj v našej populácii je možné predpokladať výskyt doposiaľ nediagnostikovaných pacientov.
Deficiency of adenosine deaminase type 2 (DADA2) is an autoinflammatory disease identified in 2014 as a monogenic cause of systemic vasculitis resembling polyarteritis nodosa, with fever, livedo racemosa, peripheral necrosis, and early-onset stroke. Over the past 10 years, the knowledge of the phenotypic spectrum of DADA2 has expanded considerably. With 378 cases published so far in the world literature, DADA2 is considered a rare disease, but known cases represent only a fraction of the estimated 35,000 affected individuals worldwide (estimated prevalence ~ 1:222 000). We present the first 3 Slovak patients with genetically and biochemically confirmed DADA2. They illustrate 3 very distinct phenotypes of this disease - inflammatory-vasculopathic, immunodeficient and haematological that overlap in some characteristics. Our experience confirms the need for interdisciplinary care and multimodal treatment of this disease. Given the very heterogeneous clinical picture, it is important to raise awareness of DADA2, as more undiagnosed patients can be expected in our population.
- Klíčová slova
- deficiency of adenosine deaminase type 2 (DADA2),
- MeSH
- adenosindeaminasa genetika MeSH
- dědičné zánětlivé autoimunitní nemoci * diagnóza farmakoterapie genetika MeSH
- imunosupresivní léčba metody MeSH
- inhibitory TNF aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezibuněčné signální peptidy a proteiny genetika MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- syndromy imunologické nedostatečnosti MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk metody škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Minimal/measurable residual disease (MRD) diagnostics using real-time quantitative PCR analysis of rearranged immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangements are nowadays implemented in most treatment protocols for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Within the EuroMRD Consortium, we aim to provide comparable, high-quality MRD diagnostics, allowing appropriate risk-group classification for patients and inter-protocol comparisons. To this end, we set up a quality assessment scheme, that was gradually optimized and updated over the last 20 years, and that now includes participants from around 70 laboratories worldwide. We here describe the design and analysis of our quality assessment scheme. In addition, we here report revised data interpretation guidelines, based on our newly generated data and extensive discussions between experts. The main novelty is the partial re-definition of the "positive below quantitative range" category by two new categories, "MRD low positive, below quantitative range" and "MRD of uncertain significance". The quality assessment program and revised guidelines will ensure reproducible and accurate MRD data for ALL patients. Within the Consortium, similar programs and guidelines have been introduced for other lymphoid diseases (e.g., B-cell lymphoma), for new technological platforms (e.g., digital droplet PCR or Next-Generation Sequencing), and for other patient-specific MRD PCR-based targets (e.g., fusion genes).
- MeSH
- akutní lymfatická leukemie genetika diagnóza MeSH
- genová přestavba MeSH
- geny pro imunoglobuliny MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce metody normy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- reziduální nádor * genetika diagnóza MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma normy MeSH
- zajištění kvality zdravotní péče MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
PURPOSE: Crohn's disease is a chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disease with possible extraintestinal symptoms. There are predisposing genetic factors and even monogenic variants of the disorder. One of the possible genetic factors are variants of the DUOX2 gene. The protein product of the DUOX2 gene is a dual oxidase enzyme producing H2O2 in the bowel. Reduced H2O2 levels impact mucosal homeostasis and contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Thus far, only 19 patients with IBD with the DUOX2 variants have been described. METHODS: Here we present a case report of an adolescent female diagnosed at eleven years of age with IBD that was subsequently reclassified as Crohn's disease. She was treated with immunosuppressants and biological therapy but experienced additional complications. Her peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA was studied using massive parallel sequencing. Detected variants were functionally studied. RESULTS: Whole exome sequencing found two novel DUOX2 gene variants: a de novo variant c.3646C>T; p.R1216W and a maternally inherited variant c.3391G>A; p.A1131T which were initially classified as variants of unknown significance. However, follow-up functional studies demonstrated that both DUOX2 variants led to impaired H2O2 generation, which led to their reclassification to the likely pathogenic class according to the ACMG.net. Therefore, we conclude that these variants are causative for the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying novel variants in patients with Crohn's disease and their families is important for precision medicine approaches and understanding of the pathogenesis of likely "monogenic" rare forms of inflammatory bowel disease.
- MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc * genetika MeSH
- duální oxidasy genetika MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty * genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- peroxid vodíku MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+ ALCL) originates from the T-lineage and is marked by rearrangements of the ALK gene. More than 10 fusion partners with the ALK gene are known, with the most common being the t(2;5)(p23;q35) translocation resulting in the NPM1::ALK fusion. In 10% to 20% of the ALK+ ALCL cases, the ALK gene fuses with various other partners. Modern molecular techniques, especially next-generation sequencing (NGS), have eased the identification of ALK gene fusion partners and have allowed in-depth characterization of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. We devised a real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to measure the expression of the translocated portion of the ALK gene. Fusion partners for the ALK gene were analyzed using rapid amplification of 5'cDNA ends (RACE) method or NGS. TCR immunoprofiling was performed by amplicon NGS. We studied 96 ALK+ ALCL patients. NPM1::ALK fusion gene was observed in 71 patients, ATIC::ALK in 9, and TPM3::ALK in 3. CLTC::ALK, MYH9::ALK, and RNF213::ALK fusions were identified in 2 patients each. We also discovered the TPM4::ALK and SATB1::ALK fusion genes, plus the following 2 previously unidentified ALK+ ALCL fusions: SQSTM1::ALK and CAPRIN1::ALK. High expression of the translocated ALK gene segment was observed in all 93 analyzed samples. TCR testing was conducted on 23 patients with available DNA. In 18 (78%) patients, we discerned at least one (ranging from 1 to 4) clonal TCR rearrangement. In 59% of the patients, clonal TCR beta junctions corresponded with sequences previously observed in both healthy donors and under various pathological conditions. Reverse-transcriptase quantitative detection of ALK expression is a fast and reliable method for both diagnosing and monitoring treatment response in ALK+ ALCL patients, irrespective of the ALK gene translocation. NGS reveals new ALK translocation partners. Both malignant and reactive TCR repertoires in ALK+ ALCL patients are unique and do not consistently occur among different patients.
- MeSH
- adenosintrifosfatasy genetika MeSH
- anaplastická lymfomová kináza genetika MeSH
- anaplastický velkobuněčný lymfom * genetika patologie MeSH
- jaderné proteiny genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- proteiny buněčného cyklu genetika MeSH
- receptory antigenů T-buněk genetika MeSH
- transkripční faktory genetika MeSH
- translokace genetická MeSH
- tyrosinkinasové receptory genetika MeSH
- tyrosinkinasy genetika MeSH
- ubikvitinligasy * MeSH
- vazebné proteiny DNA v oblastech připojení k matrix * MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Východiska: Za standard intenzivní léčby dospělých s akutní lymfoblastovou leukemií (ALL) jsou považovány protokoly pediatrického typu s prospektivním sledováním minimální reziduální nemoci (MRN). V ČR jsou používány od roku 2007. Soubor pacientů a metody: Mezi lety 2007–2020 bylo v pěti hematologických centrech léčeno 297 dospělých ve věku 18–65 let podle protokolu GMALL 07/2003, resp. ALL CELL 2012 Junior. Tato práce představuje retrospektivní analýzu výsledků jejich léčby. Výsledky: V kohortě Ph-negativní ALL dosáhlo 189 (93,1 %) pacientů kompletní remise, refrakterních bylo 5 (2,4 %) pacientů, časná mortalita byla 3,0 %. Relaps byl zaznamenán u 70 (34,5 %) nemocných v mediánu 10,6 měsíce. Celkové přežití (overall survival – OS) ve 3 a 5 letech dosahovalo 63,5 % a 55,9 % a přežití bez nemoci (disease-free survival – DFS) ve 3 a 5 letech pak 54,5 % a 49,7 %. Významně lepší OS měli mladí dospělí do 35 let (p = 0,015), pacienti bez vstupní infiltrace CNS (p = 0,016), s negativitou MRN před zahájením konsolidační léčby (p < 0,001), transplantovaní v 1. kompletní remisi (p < 0,001) a nemocní léčení po roce 2012 (p = 0,05). V multivariantní analýze byla jediným nezávislým faktorem, který ovlivňoval OS, MRN v 11. týdnu léčby (HR 3,06; p = 0,006). Pro DFS byla významná vstupní infiltrace CNS (HR 2,08; p = 0,038) a MRN v 11. týdnu (HR 2,15; p = 0,020). Ve skupině Ph-pozitivní ALL dosáhlo kompletní remise 84 (89,4 %) pacientů, refrakterní byl 1 (1,0 %) pacient, časná mortalita byla 4,3 %. Relabovalo 26 (27,7 %) nemocných v mediánu 8,6 měsíce. Přežití ve 3 a 5 letech dosahovalo 57,2 % a 52,4 % pro OS a 50,2 % a 44,9 % pro DFS. Statisticky lepší OS měli transplantovaní pacienti (p < 0,001) a nemocní diagnostikovaní po roce 2012 (p < 0,001). Závěr: Zavedení protokolů pediatrického typu s intenzifikací léčby podle hladin MRN se odrazilo v signifikantním zlepšení výsledků přežití dospělých pacientů s ALL.
Background: Pediatric-inspired protocols with prospective monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) are considered the standard of intensive treatment for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). They have been used in the Czech Republic since 2007. Patients and methods: Two hundred and ninety-seven patients aged 18–65 years were treated at five hematology centers between 2007–2020 according to the GMALL 07/2003 protocol. This is a retrospective analysis of their treatment outcomes. Results: In the Ph-negative cohort, 189 (93.1%) patients achieved complete remission, 5 (2.4%) patients were refractory, and early mortality was 3.0%. Seventy (34.5%) patients experienced relapse in a median of 10.6 months. Overall survival (OS) at 3 and 5 years was 63.5% and 55.9%, disease-free survival (DFS) at 3 and 5 years was 54.5% and 49.7%, respectively. Young adults under 35 years of age (P = 0.015), patients without initial CNS infiltration (P = 0.016), with MRD negativity before consolidation treatment (P < 0.001), transplanted in the 1st complete remission (P < 0.001), and subjects treated after 2012 (P = 0.05) had significantly better overall survival. In a multivariate analysis, MRD at week 11 was the only independent factor affecting OS (HR 3.06; P = 0.006). For DFS, baseline CNS infiltration (HR 2.08; P = 0.038) and MRD at week 11 (HR 2.15; P = 0.020) were significant. In the Ph-positive cohort, 84 (89.4%) patients achieved complete remission, 1 (1.0%) patient was refractory, early mortality was 4.3%. Twenty-six (27.7%) patients relapsed in a median of 8.6 months. Survival at 3 and 5 years was 57.2% and 52.4% for OS and 50.2% and 44.9% for DFS, respectively. Transplanted patients and patients diagnosed after 2012 had statistically better overall survival (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The introduction of pediatric-inspired protocols with treatment intensification according to MRD levels resulted in a significant improvement in the survival outcomes of adult patients with ALL.
- Klíčová slova
- pediatrický protokol,
- MeSH
- akutní lymfatická leukemie * terapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- protokoly protinádorové léčby MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized by an impaired postvaccination response, high susceptibility to respiratory tract infections, and a broad spectrum of noninfectious complications. Thus, patients with CVID may be at high risk for COVID-19, and vaccination's role in prevention is questionable. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the clinical outcomes, safety, and dynamics of humoral and T-cell immune responses induced by the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 in CVID. METHODS: This prospective observational cohort study focused on the clinical outcomes (proportion of infected patients and disease severity), safety (incidences of adverse events and changes in laboratory parameters), and dynamics of humoral (specific postvaccination and virus-neutralizing antibody assessment) and T-cell immune responses (anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell detection) in 21 patients with CVID after a two-dose administration of BNT162b2. The patients were observed for 6 months. RESULTS: Humoral response was observed in 52% of patients (11 of 21) at month 1 after vaccination but continuously decreased to 33.3% at month 6 (five of 15). Nevertheless, they had a remarkably lower anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titer compared with healthy controls. The T-cell response was measurable in 46% of patients with CVID (six of 13) at month 1 and persisted over the study period. Mild infection occurred in three patients within the follow-up period (14.3%). The vaccine also exhibited a favorable safety profile. CONCLUSIONS: The BNT162b2 vaccine elicited a measurable antibody response in a high proportion of patients, but it was limited by low titer of virus-neutralizing antibodies and rapid waning of anti-receptor-binding domain SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. T-cell response was detected in one-third of patients and remained stable within the follow-up period. Vaccination has favorable safety and clinical-related outcomes in preventing severe COVID-19.
- MeSH
- běžná variabilní imunodeficience * MeSH
- COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neutralizující protilátky MeSH
- primární imunodeficience * MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- protilátky blokující MeSH
- protilátky virové MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- vakcína BNT162 MeSH
- vakcíny * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH