Heterogeneous cancers that lack strong driver mutations with high penetrance, such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), present unique challenges to understanding their aetiology due to the complex interactions between genetics and environmental factors. The interplay between lifestyle factors (such as poor oral hygiene, smoking, or alcohol consumption), the oral and gut microbiome, and host genetics appears particularly important in the context of HNSCC. The complex interplay between the gut microbiota and cancer treatment outcomes has also received increasing attention in recent years. This review article describes the bidirectional communication between the host and the oral/gut microbiome, focusing on microbiome-derived metabolites and their impact on systemic immune responses and the modulation of the tumour microenvironment. In addition, we review the role of host lifestyle factors in shaping the composition of the oral/gut microbiota and its impact on cancer progression and therapy. Overall, this review highlights the rationality of considering the oral/gut microbiota as a critical determinant of cancer therapy outcomes and points to therapeutic opportunities offered by targeting the oral/gut microbiota in the management of HNSCC.
- MeSH
- dlaždicobuněčné karcinomy hlavy a krku * mikrobiologie patologie imunologie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové mikroprostředí * imunologie MeSH
- nádory hlavy a krku * imunologie mikrobiologie patologie terapie MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * imunologie MeSH
- životní styl MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Východiska: Cílem léčby dlaždicového análního karcinomu (anal squamous cell carcinoma – ASCC) je zachování funkčního análního svěrače a udržení co nejlepší kvality života. Chirurgická excize je rezervována pouze pro velmi časná stadia a většinou je v léčbě ASCC užívána konkomitantní chemoradioterapie (CHRT). Cílem práce je retrospektivní analýza souboru pacientů s ASCC léčených CHRT s využitím akcelerované radioterapie na Ústavu radiační onkologie 1. LF UK a Fakultní nemocnice Bulovka v Praze. Soubor pacientů a metody: V letech 2014–2022 podstoupilo 73 pacientů s ASCC definitivní CHRT. Pacienti byli léčeni akcelerovanou radioterapií ve 25 frakcích – na tumor a postižené lymfatické uzliny ? 2,3 Gy do dávky 57,5 Gy a na oblast spádových lymfatik ? 1,8 Gy do dávky 45 Gy. Konkomitantně byla podávána převážně chemoterapie mitomycin + 5-fluorouracil, později mitomycin + kapecitabin. Výsledky: Celkem 64 (87,7 %) pacientů podstoupilo CHRT, ve zbývajících 9 (12,3 %) případech byla provedena samostatná radioterapie. Bylo dosaženo 2letého a 5letého celkového přežití 85,8 %, resp. 76,3 %, přežití bez nemoci 88,0 %, resp. 86,3 %, lokální kontroly 91,9 %, resp. 91,9 % a intervalu bez kolostomie 68,5 %, resp. 68,5 %. Mediánu těchto parametrů nebylo dosaženo. Akutní toxicita stupně G3–4 byla zjištěna u 51 (69,8 %) pacientů, pozdní toxicita G3–4 byla zaznamenána v 10 (13,7 %) případech, toxicita G5 se nevyskytla. Závěr: Akcelerovaná radioterapie v rámci radikální léčby ASCC vedla k příznivé kontrole onemocnění, ale byla zatížena významnou toxicitou.
Background: The goal of treatment for anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is to preserve a functional anal sphincter and maintain the best quality of life. Surgical excision is reserved only for very early stages, and concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CHRT) is usually used in the treatment of ASCC. The aim of the study is a retrospective analysis of a group of patients with ASCC treated with CHRT using accelerated radiotherapy at the Institute of Radiation Oncology of Bulovka University Hospital in Prague (IRO BUH). Patients and methods: Between 2014 and 2022, 73 patients with ASCC underwent definitive CHRT. Patients were treated with accelerated radiotherapy in 25 fractions – to the tumor and affected lymph nodes at 2.3 Gy to a dose of 57.5 Gy and to the area of the lymphatics at 1.8 Gy to a dose of 45 Gy. Concomitant chemotherapy mitomycin + 5-fluorouracil, later mitomycin + capecitabine was administered. Results: A total of 64 (87.7%) patients underwent CHRT, in the remaining 9 (12.3%) cases only radiotherapy was applied. The 2- and 5-year overall survival rates were 85.8% and 76.3%, disease-free survival 88.0% and 86.3%, local control 91.9% and 91.9%, and colostomy-free interval 68.5% and 68.5%, respectively. The median of these parameters was not reached. Acute toxicity grade G3–4 was reported in 51 (69.8%) patients, late toxicity G3–4 was detected in 10 (13.7%) cases. No grade 5 toxicity occurred. Conclusion: Accelerated radiotherapy in the treatment of ASCC resulted in favorable disease control but was burdened with significant toxicity.
- MeSH
- chemoradioterapie klasifikace metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- nádory anu * farmakoterapie klasifikace patologie radioterapie MeSH
- nežádoucí účinky léčiv klasifikace MeSH
- protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- radioterapie * metody MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- spinocelulární karcinom farmakoterapie klasifikace patologie radioterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND/AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of curative (chemo)radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and to identify prognostic factors influencing treatment outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 73 consecutive patients, treated with definitive (chemo)radiotherapy from 2002 to 2019 (median stage III/IV 78%). The median total dose of radiotherapy achieved was 70 Gy. Concomitant chemotherapy was given to 82% of patients. RESULTS: The five- and ten-year locoregional controls were 73% and 72%, respectively; the five- and ten-year distant controls were 93% and 93%, respectively. The five- and ten-year overall survival rates were 46% and 34%, respectively. A multivariate analysis identified age, smoking, and the initial response to treatment as the strongest prognostic factors in predicting survival. CONCLUSION: Smoking ≤5 years before starting curative (chemo)radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma was shown to be an independent negative prognostic factor for overall survival with a four-fold higher risk of death compared to non-smokers.
