AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the compliance of dentists in Croatia and the Czech Republic with endodontic recommendations and identify the subjective and objective factors influencing their adherence to them. METHODOLOGY: A total of 1386 dentists from Croatia and the Czech Republic participated in an online survey through a self-administered, author-designed questionnaire. After excluding those who did not perform root canal treatments (RCT), 1376 responses (394 from Croatia and 982 from the Czech Republic) were statistically analysed. RESULTS: The median age of respondents was 40 years, with a higher proportion of females in both countries. Croatian dentists treated fewer patients weekly but performed more RCTs and placed more composite fillings than their Czech counterparts. Czech dentists more frequently employed magnification devices, rubber dam (RD), pre-endodontic build-ups, nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments, irrigant activation, bioceramic sealers, indirect post-endodontic restoration of lateral teeth, and single-visit treatments. These practices were also more common among endodontists than general dental practitioners and other specialists in both countries. Croatian dentists adhered more consistently to the recommended irrigation protocol. In the Czech group, adherence to recommended procedures, such as magnification, RD usage, and irrigation protocol correlated with younger age, smaller weekly number of patients, and preference for treating patients in the supine position. No such correlations were observed among the Croatian dentists. CONCLUSIONS: Despite notable improvements in recent years, dentists still do not fully comply with the recommended RCT working procedures in Croatia and the Czech Republic.

• Klíčová slova
• compliance, endodontist, general dental practitioner, guidelines, recommendations, root canal treatment,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• terapie kořenového kanálku * statistika a číselné údaje   metody   MeSH
• vzorové postupy ve stomatologii * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zubní lékaři * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Chorvatsko MeSH

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted educational methods worldwide, particularly in dental and general medicine education. This study retrospectively analyzes students' perceptions of hybrid theoretical and practical teaching in the Dentistry program during the pandemic at three medical faculties of Charles University in the Czech Republic. A total of 418 students were surveyed regarding their views on hybrid education, concerns about COVID-19, and the pandemic's psychosocial and academic effects. The study revealed notable differences based on faculty location, gender, year of study, language of instruction, and the phase of study affected. Students from smaller faculties (Hradec Kralove and Pilsen) preferred online education and did not report a significant reduction in lectures. Compensatory block teaching post-pandemic was effective but less preferred, especially among women. Men found online communication more challenging than women. Czech-speaking students rated online teaching more effective than those studying in English and compensated for clinical skill gaps by participating in more internships. Future online education methods should address the unique needs of these groups.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19 pandemic, Charles University, Dental education, Online, Students’ perception,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   psychologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• distanční studium * metody   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• studenti stomatologie * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• studium stomatologie * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) often arise and develop during dentistry studies. The most affected regions are related to the spine. Possible associations between spinal curve parameters and MSDs have not yet been investigated amongst dentistry students. This longitudinal observational study aimed to determine whether spinal curve changes during dentistry studies, analyse the relationship between objective findings and subjectively declared MSDs and compare spinal curve parameters with those published in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-three dentistry students answered a questionnaire on MSDs, and were examined using the Spinal Mouse® device at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of their 5-year study. RESULTS: The spinal curve exhibited a gender diversity in the lumbar lordosis angle, sacrum inclination, and thoracolumbar ratio. From the first to fifth study year, we observed an increase in the range of motions in the sagittal and frontal planes, an increase in the maximal extent of right lateral inclination, and a decrease in maximal left lateral inclination. Whole-spine backward inclination increased only in women, and forward sacral inclination decreased. No statistically significant relationships were found between the objective findings and subjectively declared MSDs. CONCLUSIONS: The spinal curve shape differed between men and women and changed during dentistry studies. No objective markers or predictors of MSDs were found amongst the dentistry students. These findings can serve as a benchmark for further studies on the association between MSDs and objective findings.

• Klíčová slova
• Spinal Mouse, dentistry students, follow‐up, musculoskeletal disorders, spinal curve, spinal mapping,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rozsah kloubních pohybů MeSH
• studenti stomatologie MeSH
• studium stomatologie * metody   MeSH
• zakřivení páteře MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH

Recent advancements in digital technologies have transformed clinical workflows in dentistry, ensuring precise restorations. Custom-made crowns and fixed partial dentures (FPDs) now rely on virtual articulation. The digital facebow provides individualized data for CAD settings, streamlining the fabrication via digital workflow. For the purpose of demonstrating the differences observed during fabrication, we present a case report involving a 68-year-old patient seeking a replacement for missing teeth 24, 25, 26, and 27. The treatment plan involved the fabrication of an implant-supported FPD using monolithic zirconia (ZrO2). However, technical hurdles emerged during the planning phase, primarily due to spatial limitations posing a risk of mechanical failure over time. Consequently, we pivoted approach towards a porcelain fused to metal (PFM) FPD. For the PFM FPD, individual values from the digital facebow adjusted both virtual and conventional articulators. For comparison, two ZrO2 FPDs were milled-individual settings and average settings. All restorations underwent assessment for occlusion in maximal intercuspal position and eccentric mandible movements. In conclusion, the case report showed that individualized PFM FPD required minimal adjustments compared to milled ZrO2 restorations, whether using individual or average values. Utilizing individual values from the digital facebow reduced operator working time and minimized the intraoral adjustments.

• Klíčová slova
• CAD/CAM, digital, facebow, implant-supported crowns,
• MeSH
• design s pomocí počítače * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průběh práce MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• zirkonium MeSH
• zubní korunky * MeSH
• zubní náhrada ve spojení s implantáty * metody   MeSH
• zubní náhrady částečné fixní MeSH
• zubní protéza - design metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• zirconium oxide MeSH Prohlížeč
• zirkonium MeSH

Hyaluronic acid (HA), an extracellular biopolymer found throughout the human body, holds promise as a biocompatible and biodegradable scaffold material. High molecular weight (HMW) HA degrades, generating low molecular weight (LMW) fragments with distinct properties. These fragments can influence the behaviour of cells, including human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) incorporated into HA-containing hydrogels or scaffolds. Therefore, a comprehensive examination of the impact of a range of HA molecular weights on hDPSCs is essential before designing HA-based scaffolds for these cells. hDPSC lines were cultured with LMW HA (800 Da, 1600 Da, 15 kDa), medium molecular weight HA (237 kDa), or HMW HA (1500 kDa) over six passages. The various molecular weights had negligible effects on hDPSCs viability, morphology, adhesion, or relative telomere length. Furthermore, the expression of key surface stemness markers (CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90) remained unaltered. HA did not induce osteogenic, chondrogenic, or adipogenic differentiation. Moreover, the potential for chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation was not adversely affected by LMW or HMW HA. Various molecular weights of HA seem safe, biocompatible and therefore suitable components for hDPSCs-containing scaffolds. These findings affirm that the hDPCSs will not be negatively affected by HA fragments resulting from scaffold degradation.

• Klíčová slova
• Dental pulp stem cells, Hyaluronic acid, Tissue engineering,
• MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace MeSH
• kmenové buňky MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová * farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulová hmotnost MeSH
• osteogeneze MeSH
• proliferace buněk MeSH
• zubní dřeň * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyselina hyaluronová * MeSH

A case report on a 70-year-old male patient with atypical candidal infection on the palate that was misdiagnosed for a tumour based on clinical examination. The lesion was an accidental finding when the patient was at a registered dentist for a preventive check-up.

• Klíčová slova
• acquired coagulopathies, hematological disorders, immunodeficiency, oral candidosis, tumour,
• MeSH
• chybná diagnóza MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory * MeSH
• orální kandidóza * diagnóza   MeSH
• patro MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

The restrictions on medical students’ clinical education during the COVID-19 pandemic has affected their professional readiness and often lengthened their training. These negative impacts are often considered a necessary price as clinical education is hypothesized to be associated with a high risk of pandemic spread. This work assesses this hypothesis based on COVID-19 epidemiological data among Czech dentistry students and their comparison to data of the Czech general population of similar age. We addressed two of the five Czech medical faculties (Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove and in Pilsen) providing dentistry study program with a survey. A total of 240 students participated, representing a 66.9% response rate. Over 75% of respondents participated in clinical education during the pandemic. The school environment was identified as a place of infection by only 9.8% of respondents who were aware of where they were infected. Overall, 100% of students used FFP2 respirators, and 75.3% used face shields or protective glasses while working with patients. By the end of May 2022, COVID-19 full vaccination and 1st booster rates among students were 93.8% and 54.6%, respectively, which is significantly higher (p < 0.0001, OR 7.3, 95% CI 4.4−12; p < 0.0001, OR 3.7, 95% CI 2.9−4.8, respectively) compared to their peers from the general population (67.1% and 24.4%, respectively). A total of 75.4% of respondents supported mandatory COVID-19 vaccination for healthcare professionals. To the same date, PCR and/or antigen test verified COVID-19 prevalence among students was 37.1%, while among peers from the general population, it was 45.1% (p = 0.015, OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0−1.5). The combination of extensive protective measures and high vaccination against COVID-19 led to significantly lower COVID-19 prevalence among the students compared to their general population counterparts.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, dentistry, prevalence, students, vaccination,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) represent a significant occupational burden for dentists and dentistry students. This study aimed to assess the five-year development of most common musculoskeletal complaints among dentistry students during the whole length of their studies and to analyze the impact of some potentially associated risk factors. A longitudinal questionnaire survey regarding the occurrence of MSDs was conducted among a total of 73 dentistry students between 2014 and 2021. The same students enrolled in three consecutive years were monitored throughout their entire studies. Statistical analysis was performed using methods of descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, McNemar test, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The most frequent areas of complaints were neck (61.6%) and lower back (49.3%). The increase in self-reported complaints between the first and the fifth year was statistically significant for neck pain (increase by 15%, p = 0.043) but not for lower back pain (by 6.8%, p = 0.44). According to our data, age, performing top-level sport, and participating in regular sporting activities had a statistically significant influence on neck and/or back pain. The results of this longitudinal prospective study showed that neck, as well as lower back pain, are significant problems for dentistry students.

• Klíčová slova
• dentistry students, lower back pain, multivariate analysis, musculoskeletal disorders, neck pain, risk factors,
• MeSH
• bolest krku epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lumbalgie * epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• muskuloskeletální nemoci * epidemiologie   MeSH
• nemoci z povolání * epidemiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• studenti MeSH
• zubní lékařství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the visual assessment of tooth shade with the measurement using intraoral scanner (IOS) and spectrophotometer devices. METHODOLOGY: The colour for a single unit implant supported crown was measured visually, using IOS, and spectrophotometer. The results of the digital methods were compared with the visual measurement. RESULTS: A complete colour match with the visual measurement was in 42.9% of cases for IOS, and in 33.3% of cases for spectrophotometry. The match in the colour value, hue, and chroma were in 61.9%, 95.2%, and 66.7% of cases, respectively, for the IOS; and in 61.9%, 61.9%, and 66.7% of cases, respectively, for the spectrophotometry. The differences between the IOS and spectrophotometry were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The most reliable method for tooth colour selection is the visual measurement by an experienced dentist. IOS and spectrophotometer can be used as an alternative method, however in both cases they should be verified using visual measurement.

• Klíčová slova
• colour match, intraoral scanner, spectrophotometer, visual match,
• MeSH
• barva MeSH
• barvení protéz * metody   MeSH
• keramika MeSH
• spektrofotometrie MeSH
• vnímání barev * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Alveolar osteitis (AO) is a common complication following the extraction of the teeth, particularly the lower third molars. It starts within a few days after the extraction and manifests mainly as pain in the extraction site. Several strategies of treatment are available in order to relieve pain and heal the extraction wound. Recently, a novel medical device combining hyaluronic acid (HA) and octenidine (OCT) was introduced for the treatment of AO. This series of case reports aims to summarize the initial clinical experiences with this new device and to highlight factors possibly interfering with this treatment. The medical documentation of five patients with similar initial situations treated for AO with HA + OCT device was analyzed in detail. Smoking and previous treatment with Alveogyl (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France) were identified as factors interfering with the AO treatment with the HA + OCT device. In three patients without these risk factors, the treatment led to recovery within two or three days. The patient pretreated with Alveogyl and the smoker required six and seven applications of the HA + OCT device, respectively. According to these initial observations, it seems smoking and previous treatment with Alveogyl prolong the treatment of AO using the HA + OCT device that, in turn, shows a rapid effect if these risk factors are not present.

• Klíčová slova
• Alveolar osteitis, hyaluronic acid, octenidine, risk factors, smoking, treatment effectivity, wound healing,
• MeSH
• bolest farmakoterapie   etiologie   patofyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• extrakce zubů škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• fixní kombinace léků MeSH
• hojení ran účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• iminy terapeutické užití   MeSH
• jodované uhlovodíky škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kouření škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kreosot škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• moláry chirurgie   MeSH
• poextrakční zánět zubního lůžka farmakoterapie   etiologie   patofyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• pyridiny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• thymol MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zdravotnické prostředky MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fixní kombinace léků MeSH
• iminy MeSH
• jodované uhlovodíky MeSH
• kreosot MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová MeSH
• octenidine MeSH Prohlížeč
• pyridiny MeSH
• Septodont MeSH Prohlížeč
• thymol MeSH