INTRODUCTION: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are an everlasting health issue globally. The military environment is recognised as a high-risk setting. Human papillomavirus (HPV), Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the most frequent STIs worldwide. This prospective cross-sectional pilot study focuses on the prevalence of selected STIs in the female population of the Czech Republic's Armed Forces. METHODS: C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae and HPV detection and genotyping were performed between August 2020 and December 2022 in 141 women. Participants were divided into three groups according to their military status-recruits (n=72), active soldiers (n=25) and control civilian group (n=44). Cervical smear tests were performed, and data on STI risk factors were obtained through a questionnaire. RESULTS: A significant difference in the HPV prevalence between recruits (64.5 %) and both active soldiers (46.4 %) and civilians (47.3 %) was found when adjusted for age (p=0.007 and p=0.01, respectively). Lower age of coitarche (median 16; p=0.005) and smaller agglomeration origin (p=0.013) were reported for military recruits. No difference was proven in other researched risk factors. Associations between HPV detection and the higher number of sexual partners (p=0.013), early coitarche (p=0.016) and single marital status (p=0.002) across the groups were observed. Not a single case of N. gonorrhoeae was detected in any of the 141 participants. The prevalence of C. trachomatis did not differ significantly between the three evaluated groups-recruits, control civilian group, and active soldiers (5.6%, 2.3%, 0%, respectively; p=0.567). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study showed a significantly higher HPV prevalence in female military recruits compared with both active military and civilian women. Recruits reported earlier coitarche which is a strong STI risk factor. Further study is needed to expand on the findings of this pilot study and generate data to support adjustment of STI preventive measures within the Czech Republic Armed Forces.

• Klíčová slova
• EPIDEMIOLOGY, Epidemiology, Infection control, Infectious diseases & infestations, VIROLOGY,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ozbrojené síly * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• sexuálně přenosné nemoci * epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted viral infection worldwide, which may result in the development in benign lesions or malignant tumors. The prevalence of HPV infection is twice as high in pregnancy as in non-pregnant women. Additionally, there is a risk of vertical transmission of HPV from mother to fetus during pregnancy or childbirth. Various studies have reported an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in HPV-positive women, including miscarriage, preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and fetal death. HPV vaccination is not currently recommended during pregnancy. On the other hand, there is no evidence linking HPV vaccination during pregnancy with adverse pregnancy outcomes and termination of pregnancy is not justified in this case.

• Klíčová slova
• HPV, adverse pregnancy outcomes, human papillomavirus, human papillomavirus– pregnancy complications, vaccination in pregnancy,
• MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem * přenos   diagnóza   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• infekční komplikace v těhotenství * epidemiologie   virologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• vakcíny proti papilomavirům MeSH
• vertikální přenos infekce * MeSH
• výsledek těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• vakcíny proti papilomavirům MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection plays an important role in the etiopathogenesis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. HPV detection in these tumours is a positive prognostic marker. The p16 protein expression, which is detected immunohistochemically, is an indirect marker of active HPV infection. Unlike in oropharyngeal carcinoma, in oral carcinoma, the prognostic significance of HPV/p16 positivity is unclear. Some studies even show a worse prognosis in patients with HPV/p16 positive oral carcinoma. The aim of our study is to consider the significance of p16 protein expression in relation to clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas. Methods: One hundred and twenty patients treated surgically for oral carcinoma were enrolled in the study. The most common anatomical sites of oral carcinoma were the tongue body (54; 45% of cases) and floor of mouth (35; 29.2% of cases). All tumours were analysed immunohistochemically for p16 protein expression. The results were correlated with the clinicopathological parameters and analysed statistically. RESULTS: Ten patients (8.3%) tested positive for p16 expression. In the study cohort, p16 expression was identified as the most significant factor with a negative effect on survival (p=0.019). Based on the Cox proportional hazard model, the p16-positive patients had four times worse survival than the p16-negative ones. Other factors with a statistically significant effect on survival were T status, N status, and recurrence. CONCLUSION: The significance of p16 expression differs between oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas. The p16 positivity seems to be a negative prognostic factor in oral carcinomas. Nevertheless, the significance of HPV presence in tumours outside the oropharyngeal area remains unclear.

• Klíčová slova
• oral carcinoma, p16 expression, prognosis,
• MeSH
• inhibitor p16 cyklin-dependentní kinasy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru MeSH
• nádory úst * MeSH
• spinocelulární karcinom * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• inhibitor p16 cyklin-dependentní kinasy MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the EXPL-HPV-002 study is to evaluate the integration of 14 high-risk HPV as a biomarker of the severity and the progression of cervical lesions. Such a „triage biomarker“ would help to reduce the number of unnecessary colposcopies, to avoid over-treatment of lesions that spontaneously regress and to better target the lesions requiring treatment. DESIGN: EXPL-HPV-002 is a prospective, open-label, single arm, GCP study conducted at 2 clinical sites in the Czech Republic. SETTINGS: Investigations centers: Private Gynecology Center, Brno; Gynecological and Obstetrical Clinic, Brno; Genotyping central lab: NRL for Papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses, IHBT, Prague; Histology Central reading: Aeskulab Pathology, Prague; Molecular combing HPV test: Genomic Vision, Bagneux. METHODS: From June 2016 to May 2018, 688 patients aged 25-65, referred to colposcopy after an abnormal Pap-smear, were enrolled in the study. Among them 60% were found HPV high-risk. The study is divided in two phases: 1. a cross-sectional phase using data collected at first visit (colposcopy images ± histology, pap-smear for HPV genotyping and molecular combing) to study the association between HPV integration status versus colposcopy and histology grades; 2. a longitudinal phase using data collected in follow-up visits: cytology at 6, 18 and 30 months and colposcopy ± histology at 12, 24 and 36 months. A pap-smear collected at 12, 24 and 36 months allows to perform genotyping and molecular combing. HPV integration status is analyzed in comparison with the evolution of lesions, viral clearance and HPV genotype. HPV genotyping and molecular combing were performed on pap-smear samples in central laboratories. Histology data were reviewed by central reading. RESULTS: The transversal phase of the study is achieved and shows that the HPV integration into the human DNA, monitored by molecular combing, can significantly differentiate normal subjects from women with cervical lesions or cancer. CONCLUSION: HPV integration into the host genome, monitored by Genomic Visions technology, is a reliable diagnostic biomarker that will greatly help clinicians to improve their medical decision tree.

• Klíčová slova
• Genomic Morse Code, HPV diagnostic, biomarker, cervical cancer, molecular combing, viral integration,
• MeSH
• časná detekce nádoru metody   MeSH
• DNA sondy HPV MeSH
• DNA virů analýza   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem diagnóza   virologie   MeSH
• kolposkopie * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory děložního čípku diagnóza   prevence a kontrola   virologie   MeSH
• Papillomaviridae genetika   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• vaginální stěr * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA sondy HPV MeSH
• DNA virů MeSH

BACKGROUND: Human papillomaviruses (HPV), a group of small, tumorigenic DNA viruses, are causally linked to cervical cancer and various other anogenital, oral, and oropharyngeal malignancies in both males and females. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the most recent data on the prevalence of oral HPV in healthy populations in Europe. METHODS: A systematic review of the European studies on the prevalence of oral HPV infections published from January 2011 to September 2017. RESULTS: The overall prevalence rates of oral HPV in healthy populations vary between 1.2% and 11.6%, with high-risk types of HPV (HR HPV) detected in 2.2% to 7.2% of individuals and HPV16 in 0.2% to 2.9% of individuals. The overall prevalence rate of oral HPV infections was considerably higher in men having sex with men as compared to heterosexual men and women. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rates of oral HPV infection in European populations are comparable to the results of the studies conducted in the USA and Asia. However, the European studies did not focus on the risk factors for oral HPV infection in healthy populations. A statistically significant relationship between oral sex, smoking, and HPV infection as observed in extensive studies from the USA was confirmed by a single European study.

• Klíčová slova
• HPV - infection - prevalence - Europe - risk factors, HPV - infection - prevalence - Europe - risk factors.,
• MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem * epidemiologie   MeSH
• kouření MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci úst epidemiologie   virologie   MeSH
• Papillomaviridae * MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• sexuální chování MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been proved as one of the etiological factors of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Patients with tumors of viral etiology have a lower recurrence rate and better prognosis. OPSCC is linked to an alteration in the immune system. Only a limited number of studies have correlated both the immunological parameters and HPV status with patient prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether HPV infection and the immunological status influence patient prognosis individually or in concurrence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty patients with oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas were enrolled. They were divided into HPV-positive and HPV-negative groups based on the expression of HPV 16 E6 mRNA. Basic lymphocyte subpopulations were determined in the peripheral blood by means of flow cytometry. RESULTS: Significantly better disease-specific survival (DSS) was observed in patients with HPV-positive tumors. Nodal status, tumor grade, recurrence, and CD8+/Tregs ratio were identified as factors influencing DSS. A higher level of Tregs and a lower ratio of CD8/Tregs influenced overall survival (OS) independently of HPV status and age. Patients with HPV-positive tumors and high levels of Tregs survived significantly better than patients from the other groups. CONCLUSION: Better survival is associated with HPV positivity and elevated Tregs levels. Our data suggest that HPV infection and Tregs do not influence patient prognosis in concurrence.

• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• buňky NK imunologie   MeSH
• demografie MeSH
• inhibitor p16 cyklin-dependentní kinasy metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory orofaryngu krev   epidemiologie   imunologie   virologie   MeSH
• Papillomaviridae fyziologie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• regulační T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• spinocelulární karcinom krev   epidemiologie   imunologie   virologie   MeSH
• stupeň nádoru MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• inhibitor p16 cyklin-dependentní kinasy MeSH

Cytological diagnosis of atypical cells of cervix uteri by the Papanicolaou method was introduced in the Czech Republic (CR) very early--in 1947. In 1966 the Czech National Health Law was passed that guaranteed women a yearly preventive examination by a gynaecologist which is covered by the compulsory health insurance. This preventive examination was and is considered as an equivalent of screening for cervical cancer. Notwithstanding high frequency of screening visits and the fact that all women are eligible, the incidence of CC has not changed in the last 34 years. The reasons for this include the coverage of Czech women, which is estimated to be low (35% at the most), and that none of the cytology laboratories are accredited for screening, there are no national registries for any aspect of screening and there are no mechanisms for evaluation of the screening process. As a result, it is obvious that the majority of opportunistic cervical screening activity that is undertaken is ineffective and the implementation of an organized and quality controlled screening programme, in compliance with the recommendations of many European Institutions, is urgently required to ensure that Czech women are properly protected against this disease and that scarce healthcare resources are used in the most cost-effective manner. In the process of preparation of new screening programmes it is important to take into account the new achievements of science and new technologies, which are being gradually introduced into the clinical practice. Namely, the methods used for selection of women at risk that are based on the detection of nucleic acids of human papillomaviruses and vaccination against some types of these viruses, which are the etiological agents of precancerous lesions and cancer of cervix uteri.

• MeSH
• cervix uteri patologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nádory děložního čípku epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Papanicolaouův test * MeSH
• plošný screening * MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vaginální stěr * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of regression and progression of histologically confirmed low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LG SIL) in women under the age of 35 in context of positivity of high risk human papillomavirus (HPV HR). Evaluation of sensitivity of PAP smear and HPV HR test in women with LG SIL. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charles University Prague, 2nd Medical Faculty, University Hospital Motol. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 166 women with SIL low or repeated ASC-US PAP smear were included to the study. 1 to 3 punch biopsy under the expert colposcopy and HPV HR test were performed in all women. Follow up were done every 6 month in all women with histologically confirmed LG SIL. RESULTS: LG SIL was detected in 120 women. Sensitivity of PAP smear was 72.3% and sensitivity of HPV HR test 60.2 % in women with LG SIL. 84 women (70 %) were HPV HR positive. Regression of LG SIL was detected in 20 (23 %) HPV HR positive women and in 18 (50%) HPV HR negative women. This difference is statistically significant (p = 0.0094). Progression of LG SIL was detected in 24 (29 %) HPV HR positive women and in 4 (11%) women HPV HR negative women. This difference is borderline statistically significant (p = 0.058). Progression of LG SIL to the carcinoma in situ or invasive cancer had not been detected during follow up period. CONCLUSION: PAP smear is a standard for LG SIL detection in women under the age of 35 and HPV HR test is not so important for LG SIL detection in this group of women. HPV HR test could be useful for prediction of the risk of progression, but positivity of HPV HR in LG SIL cannot indicate surgical treatment (conisation) in this cohort of women under the age of 35.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dysplazie děložního hrdla diagnóza   patologie   virologie   MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem komplikace   diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• kontaktní dermatitida MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory děložního čípku diagnóza   patologie   virologie   MeSH
• Papanicolaouův test MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• vaginální stěr MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

Human papillomavirus infection is an important etiological factor in squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA). Different histological variants of anal carcinomas displaying squamous differentiation, previously classified as separate tumours, were recently reclassified as SCCA by the WHO. In our recent study the presence of HPV was detected by PCR in biopsy specimens of 42 different anal tumours, including SCCA and its histological variants (n=22), adenocarcinomas (n=5), tubulovillous adenomas (n=5) and anal condylomas (n=10). HR HPV16 (high risk - HR) was detected in 18 of SCCA specimens (81.8%). All histological variants, i.e. tumours with basaloid, squamous and mixed histological patterns, were represented among the HPV-positive cancers. Four tumours (18.2%) were HPV negative. Low-risk (LR) HPV types were not detected within the SCCA group. HPV16 was identified in one adenocarcinoma, while four cases were HPV negative. Two adenomas showed presence of HPV16; one showed simultaneous positivity for HPV33. The remaining three tumours were HPV negative. Seven anal condylomas (70%) were LR HPV 6 and/or 11 positive, while three were HPV negative. The presence of HR HPV types was not observed in anal condylomas. Our results provide further evidence in support of the etiological role of HR HPV infection in the development of SCCA regardless of its histological appearance.

• MeSH
• Alphapapillomavirus genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• globiny genetika   MeSH
• hybridizace in situ MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem komplikace   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory anu patologie   virologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spinocelulární karcinom patologie   virologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• globiny MeSH

The principal aims of this study were to test whether persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA is predictive of recurrent disease in women after surgical treatment for cervical lesions, to distinguish between persistent and newly acquired HPV infection, and to observe the effect of surgical treatment on levels of HPV-specific antibodies. A group of 198 patients surgically treated for low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and 35 age-matched controls were monitored for 18 months at 6-month intervals. The presence of HPV DNA in cervical smears was detected by means of consensus polymerase chain reaction, and serum levels of HPV-specific antibodies to HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45 were measured. In ten patients positive for HPV type 16 in consecutive samples, the HPV 16 variants were identified using a polymerase chain reaction specific for the long control region. Data regarding demographics, risk factors for cervical cancer, and risks related to HPV exposure were collected through a patient questionnaire. Subjects persistently positive for HPV DNA were more likely to present with cytological and/or colposcopical abnormalities. A higher reactivity to HPV-specific antibodies was observed in these women at the 18-month follow-up visit. All ten patients with HPV 16 infection detected in consecutive samples showed persistence of either the same prototype or the same variant during the follow-up period. Risky sexual behavior and smoking were more common in patients than in controls. Persistent HPV infection as demonstrated by both HPV DNA detection and antibody detection appears to be a risk factor for the recurrence of pathological findings in women after surgery. An individually based approach to surgical treatment is an important factor in the outcome of disease at follow-up.

• MeSH
• DNA virů analýza   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• infekce onkogenními viry MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem epidemiologie   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lidský papilomavirus 16 genetika   imunologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nádory děložního čípku chirurgie   virologie   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• nemoci cervix uteri chirurgie   virologie   MeSH
• Papillomaviridae genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• protilátky virové MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA virů MeSH
• protilátky virové MeSH