Super- and low-shedding phenomena have been observed in genetically homogeneous hosts infected by a single bacterial strain. To decipher the mechanisms underlying these phenotypes, we conducted an experiment with chicks infected with Salmonella Enteritidis in a non-sterile isolator, which prevents bacterial transmission between animals while allowing the development of the gut microbiota. We investigated the impact of four commensal bacteria called Mix4, inoculated at hatching, on chicken systemic immune response and intestinal microbiota composition and functions, before and after Salmonella infection. Our results revealed that these phenotypes were not linked to changes in cell invasion capacity of bacteria during infection. Mix4 inoculation had both short- and long-term effects on immune response and microbiota and promoted the low-shedder phenotype. Kinetic analysis revealed that Mix4 activated immune response from day 4, which modified the microbiota on day 6. This change promotes a more fermentative microbiota, using the aromatic compounds degradation pathway, which inhibited Salmonella colonization by day 11 and beyond. In contrast, control animals exhibited a delayed TNF-driven pro-inflammatory response and developed a microbiota using anaerobic respiration, which facilitates Salmonella colonization and growth. This strategy offers promising opportunities to strengthen the barrier effect against Salmonella and possibly other pathogens.

• Klíčová slova
• Salmonella, carrier-state, chicken, excretion, immune response, microbiota, super-shedder, virulence,
• MeSH
• Bacteria * imunologie   klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• kur domácí imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• nemoci drůbeže * mikrobiologie   imunologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Salmonella enteritidis * imunologie   růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• salmonelová infekce u zvířat * imunologie   mikrobiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * imunologie   MeSH
• symbióza MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Impulsivity and aggression are often interlinked behavioral traits that have major implications for our society. Therefore, the study of this phenomenon and derivative interventions that could lead to better control of impulsive aggression are of interest. METHODS: We analyzed the composition and diversity of the gut bacterial microbiome of 33 impulsively violent female convicts with dissocial personality disorder and 20 non-impulsive age-matched women. Further, levels of assorted neurotransmitters and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed in serum and stool samples. We also assessed all participants using a battery of psychological questionnaires and tested possible correlations between the collected clinical data and the composition and diversity of their microbiomes and metabolites. RESULTS: We identified four bacterial amplicon sequencing variants that were differentially abundant in non-impulsive versus impulsive women - the genera Bacteroides, Barnesiella, and the order Rhodospirillales were more abundant in impulsive women. In contrast, the genus Catenisphaera was more abundant in non-impulsive women. Fecal tryptophan levels were significantly higher in impulsive women. Association analysis revealed a strong positive intercorrelation between most fecal SCFAs in the entire dataset. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated possible associations between gut microbiomes and their metabolites and impulsive behavior in a unique cohort of prisoners convicted of violent assaults and a matched group of non-impulsive women from the same prison. Genus Bacteroides, which was differentially abundant in the two groups, encoded enzymes that affect serotonin pathways and could contribute to this maladaptive behavior. Similarly, increased fecal tryptophan levels in impulsive individuals could affect neuronal circuits in the brain. INTRODUCTION: Impulsivity and aggression are often interlinked behavioral traits that have major implications for our society. Therefore, the study of this phenomenon and derivative interventions that could lead to better control of impulsive aggression are of interest. METHODS: We analyzed the composition and diversity of the gut bacterial microbiome of 33 impulsively violent female convicts with dissocial personality disorder and 20 non-impulsive age-matched women. Further, levels of assorted neurotransmitters and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed in serum and stool samples. We also assessed all participants using a battery of psychological questionnaires and tested possible correlations between the collected clinical data and the composition and diversity of their microbiomes and metabolites. RESULTS: We identified four bacterial amplicon sequencing variants that were differentially abundant in non-impulsive versus impulsive women - the genera Bacteroides, Barnesiella, and the order Rhodospirillales were more abundant in impulsive women. In contrast, the genus Catenisphaera was more abundant in non-impulsive women. Fecal tryptophan levels were significantly higher in impulsive women. Association analysis revealed a strong positive intercorrelation between most fecal SCFAs in the entire dataset. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated possible associations between gut microbiomes and their metabolites and impulsive behavior in a unique cohort of prisoners convicted of violent assaults and a matched group of non-impulsive women from the same prison. Genus Bacteroides, which was differentially abundant in the two groups, encoded enzymes that affect serotonin pathways and could contribute to this maladaptive behavior. Similarly, increased fecal tryptophan levels in impulsive individuals could affect neuronal circuits in the brain.

• Klíčová slova
• Bacteroides, Dopamine, Metabolites, Serotonin, Tryptophan,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   chemie   MeSH
• impulzivní chování * fyziologie   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné těkavé metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• násilí * psychologie   MeSH
• neurotransmiterové látky metabolismus   krev   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * fyziologie   MeSH
• vězni * psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyseliny mastné těkavé MeSH
• neurotransmiterové látky MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Arterial hypertension (AH) influences salivary gland physiology and oral health, being associated with a higher incidence of periodontal disease in pregnant women. Evidence points to a bidirectional relationship between the oral microbiota and blood pressure regulation. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the oral health of pregnant women and AH-associated changes in the salivary proteome and microbiome during pregnancy and postpartum. DESIGN: Ten healthy women and ten women with AH were enrolled. Saliva was collected during pregnancy and six months postpartum. The salivary proteome was characterized by shotgun label-free mass spectrometry analysis. Specific proteins were validated through parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). The oral microbiota was characterized via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (V4 region). The periodontal health and the caries history was assessed during pregnancy. RESULTS: Pregnant women with AH had lower junction plakoglobin (JUP)- and desmoplakin (DSP)-specific peptide levels than healthy women, confirmed by the PRM approach. The levels of these proteins correlated negatively with periodontal health indexes, which were higher in pregnant women with AH. In AH, nitrate-reducing microorganisms had lower abundance, correlating positively with JUP and DSP-specific peptides. CONCLUSIONS: The salivary proteome and microbiota are shaped by AH during and after pregnancy. Further research is required to understand the underlying mechanisms impairing oral health in AH.

• Klíčová slova
• Dysbiosis, Periodontal health, Postpartum, Pregnancy, Salivary microbiota, Salivary proteome,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hypertenze * metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiota * MeSH
• nemoci parodontu MeSH
• orální zdraví MeSH
• poporodní období * MeSH
• proteom * analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• slinné proteiny a peptidy * metabolismus   analýza   MeSH
• sliny * chemie   mikrobiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• proteom * MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH
• slinné proteiny a peptidy * MeSH

Tick microbiota influences Borrelia colonization, but changes in the microbiota-derived metabolite and how this affects tick physiology and vector competence is unclear. We investigated whether microbiota-induced metabolite modifications influence tick physiology and pathogen transmission. Using an antimicrobiota vaccine (live Escherichia coli) to immunize mice, we generated host antibodies that modulated the tick microbiome, decreasing bacterial abundance and increasing lysine levels in ticks. Elevated lysine correlated with increased tick weight. Lysine supplementation experiments enhanced defensin expression with DefMT6 exhibiting anti-Borrelia activity, reducing pathogen load in ticks. Our findings demonstrate that antimicrobiota vaccines induce metabolite changes, affecting tick physiology, immunity, and vector competence. These insights open new avenues for developing microbiota-targeted strategies to control tick-borne diseases.

• Klíčová slova
• Borrelia, defensins, lysine, metabolites, tick immunity, tick microbiota, tick physiology, vector competence,
• MeSH
• bakteriální vakcíny * imunologie   MeSH
• Borrelia burgdorferi * imunologie   MeSH
• Borrelia * imunologie   MeSH
• Escherichia coli imunologie   MeSH
• klíště * mikrobiologie   imunologie   MeSH
• lymeská nemoc prevence a kontrola   imunologie   MeSH
• lysin * metabolismus   MeSH
• mikrobiota MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální vakcíny * MeSH
• lysin * MeSH

With increasing efforts to reuse wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) products in agriculture, assessing their impact on soil-plant systems is crucial, while the effects of accompanying antibiotic residues on soil microbial communities have not yet been adequately studied. This study focuses on clarithromycin (CLR), highly present in wastewater, and investigates the CLR-degradation potential of plant-associated microorganisms. Phaseolus vulgaris plants were grown in raised beds filled with Haplic Cambisol and amended with or without WWTP products (treated wastewater, biosolid, or composted biosolid), as a source of CLR residues. The rhizosphere microbiomes after biosolid amendments was significantly enriched by Pseudomonadaceae as assessed by 16S rRNA metagenomics and cultures enriched by CLR revealed dominance of Proteobacteria. However, no degradation of CLR by microbial consortia or enrichment cultures was observed, suggesting the multiplication of CLR-resistant bacteria with other resistance mechanisms. Cultivation-based approach combined with antibiotic modulation assays and subsequent LC-MS analysis confirmed the complete CLR removal by seven phylogenetic groups of actinomycetes in vitro. The proportion of isolates indicated that the rhizosphere is a natural reservoir for CLR-inactivating microorganisms; however, the amendment of soils with WWTP products can significantly increase their abundance and diversity.

• Klíčová slova
• Streptomyces, Antimicrobial resistance, Biodegradation, Macrolides, Micropollutants, Soil microbiome,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakologie   MeSH
• fazol * mikrobiologie   účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• klarithromycin * farmakologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• mikrobiota účinky léků   MeSH
• odpadní voda * chemie   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
• rhizosféra * MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky * MeSH
• klarithromycin * MeSH
• odpadní voda * MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH

Shorea robusta (Sal) is an ecologically and economically important hardwood tree species growing in the plains and lower foothills of the Himalayan region. It is a dual-mycorrhizal tree associated with both arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. To understand how ECM communities associated with Sal roots are structured, we studied their diversity, composition, and root colonisation in four tropical forests along an elevation gradient (82 to 950 m a.s.l.). The ECM community was not found to be very diverse: we obtained 155 ECM operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to 13 ECM genera in 8 families of Basidiomycota. The genus Tomentella was the most dominant, followed by Russula and Inocybe. Elevation explained 10.2% of variability in ECM composition, and significant effects of forest type, geographic position, soil temperature and moisture were confirmed. The forest at the highest elevation had ECM communities whose community structure was divergent from those at lower elevation. ECM root colonisation significantly decreased with increasing elevation and decreasing available P content. Whereas a low number of ECM species produced a high ECM colonisation of Shorea roots in low-elevation forests, a more diverse ECM community formed a low ECM colonization in high-elevation forests. The identified dominant species may be potentially used as inoculum for Sal forest restoration.

• Klíčová slova
• Tomentella, Next-generation sequencing, Root colonization, Sal forest, Thelephoraceae,
• MeSH
• Basidiomycota * klasifikace   fyziologie   izolace a purifikace   genetika   MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• kořeny rostlin mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lesy MeSH
• mykobiom * MeSH
• mykorhiza * klasifikace   fyziologie   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• nadmořská výška MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The recovery of the soil ecosystem after severe disturbances, such as coal-mining activities, depends on both abiotic and biotic improvements. This study assessed the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal consortia on microbial community dynamics across two stages of soil recovery - 2 years (2Y) and 15 years (15Y) post-disturbance - using a secondary succession forest (SSR) as a reference. We analyzed bacterial community composition via 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and evaluated key soil quality indicators. While inoculation with AM fungal consortia had minimal effects on most soil parameters, significant differences were observed between recovery stages. The 15Y recovery site exhibited improved soil structure, microbial activity, and aggregate stability compared to the 2Y site, highlighting the importance of long-term restoration. However, potential overlap in ecological roles among native microorganisms likely mitigates the impact of AMF inoculation. These findings suggest that AM fungal consortia alone may not drive immediate improvements in soil quality but can contribute to microbial interactions and recovery processes over time. This study highlights the complexity of soil restoration and emphasizes the need for strategies that integrate plant cover with microbial community development to enhance long-term ecosystem stability. Further research should explore the specific roles of AM fungi and native soil microbes in promoting soil structure and accelerating recovery.

• Klíčová slova
• AM fungal consortia, Combined inoculation, Glomeromycota, Microbiome, Simplified community,
• MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• mikrobiota * MeSH
• mykorhiza * fyziologie   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
• těžba uhlí MeSH
• uhlí MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• půda MeSH
• uhlí MeSH

Storage mites consume stored products in interaction with environmental microorganisms, resulting in the destruction of infested food and providing specific odours. Here we simulated the effect of mite grazing on oat flakes. Spent growth medium (SPGM) was obtained from seven mite cultures and mixed with oat flakes as the source of faeces and microbes. SPGM-treated diets were offered to 4 mite cultures. The microbiomes were analysed using sequencing of V4_16S_DNA. Mite growth tests, food preferences, and microbiome changes were observed in correlation with SPGM type and mite cultures. The microbiome consisted of 41 OTUs belonging to mite-associated bacteria and faeces bacteria. The composition of the microbiome depends more on the source of SPGM than on mite culture. The SPGM diet accelerated mite population growth and influenced mite food choice, although the effect was dependent on both types of SPGM and mite culture. Kocuria, Brevibacterium, Virgibacillus, and Staphylococcus profiles in SPGM added into diets showed positive correlations to mite population growth. The Kocuria profile in the bodies of mites was positively correlated with mite population growth. The results showed that mites are influenced by SPGM-treated diets, and mite feeding influences the environmental microbiome. The most beneficial was the mite interaction with Kocuria.

• Klíčová slova
• allergens, bacteria, digestion, faeces, interaction,
• MeSH
• Acaridae * mikrobiologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Bacteria * klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mikrobiologie životního prostředí * MeSH
• mikrobiota * MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Studies in-vitro and in animals propose that vitamins and minerals can alter the human gut microbiome. Human trials replicating these findings are scarce or used micronutrient supplementation in supraphysiological doses. We explored the effect of multivitamin/multimineral (MVMM) supplementation on the gut microbiome, and how participant's background diet can modify this effect. METHODS: In a randomised, controlled, cross-over study, 28 healthy adults (68 % female, mean [SD], 33 [13] years]) received either a MVMM supplement containing dosages close to the UK dietary recommendations for 23 micronutrients (intervention period) or no supplement (control period), for 10-days, separated by a 15-day washout period. Participants' diet was recorded and replicated between the two periods. Faecal microbiota composition was profiled using 16S rRNA sequencing, metabolome with 1H NMR, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) with gas chromatography, and sulphide concentration with colorimetry. Associations between background diet and microbiome responses during MVMM supplementation were explored using machine learning. RESULTS: Following MVMM supplementation, the absolute abundance of Lachnoclostridium and UCG_005 taxa were lower, while the concentrations of total SCFAs, specifically propionate and butyrate, and total sulphide were higher than the control period. Compared to baseline, MVMM supplementation decreased the absolute abundance of Desulfobacterota, Actinobacteriota, Bifidobacteriaceae, Erysipelatoclostridiaceae and Veillonellaceae, and increased the concentration of propionate. Background dietary intakes of saturated fat and total carbohydrates related with the MVMM-induced effect of decreasing Desulfobacterota. Likewise, the intakes of vitamins B2, B12, and E, along with iron, related with the effect of MVMM on decreasing Erysipelatoclostridiaceae. No changes were observed within the control period. CONCLUSION: In healthy adults, short-term MVMM supplementation influences the gut microbiota composition and diet-originating microbial metabolites and potentially host health. REGISTRATION: This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05371704.

• Klíčová slova
• Gut microbiome, Metabolome, Micronutrients, Minerals, Short chain fatty acids, Vitamins,
• MeSH
• dieta * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• klinické křížové studie MeSH
• kyseliny mastné těkavé analýza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikroživiny * aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• minerály aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• potravní doplňky * MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * účinky léků   MeSH
• vitaminy aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyseliny mastné těkavé MeSH
• mikroživiny * MeSH
• minerály MeSH
• vitaminy MeSH

BACKGROUND: The perinatal period has been linked with higher vulnerability to stress and symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as with dynamic changes in the composition of maternal gut microbiota. While recent studies indicated significant associations between stress, depression, or anxiety, and alterations in gut microbiota in pregnant women, research in this avenue is still emerging, with existing studies often being limited by small sample sizes. METHOD: We conducted a prospective longitudinal study of 171 women, collecting gut microbiota samples in each trimester of pregnancy and in the early postpartum, questionnaire data (perceived stress via the Perceived Stress Scale, symptoms of depression via the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and anxiety via the 6-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) twice in each trimester and twice in the early postpartum period, and blood samples for cortisol levels analysis in the first and third pregnancy trimesters. Gut microbiota samples were analyzed by amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. RESULTS: Perceived stress and symptoms of depression and anxiety showed moderate temporal changes and a high consistency at the individual level over the study period. Cortisol levels rose significantly from the first to the third trimester. There were significant temporal changes in microbiota composition between the first and second trimesters, and between the first and third trimesters. After controlling for false positive findings due to multiple testing, we found no significant associations between stress-related variables (perceived stress, cortisol levels, symptoms of depression and anxiety) and gut microbiota diversity, microbial community composition, or relative abundances of individual bacterial taxa. CONCLUSIONS: The present study results contradict previous research that indicated significant associations between emotions and gut microbiota in the perinatal period. Although we cannot provide an ultimate explanation for this discrepancy, we propose it can lie in insufficient control for false positives in the differential abundance analyses in most previous studies.

• Klíčová slova
• Anxiety, Cortisol, Depression, Dysbiosis, Gut-brain axis, Metagenome, Microbiome, Prenatal stress,
• MeSH
• Bacteria * klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• deprese mikrobiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hydrokortison krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• poporodní období MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psychický stres * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• těhotné ženy psychologie   MeSH
• úzkost mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hydrokortison MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH