Inflammatory changes in perivascular adipose tissue are associated with atherosclerotic lesions in the adjacent artery and can also be used as a marker in patient workup. While adipocyte size is known to be closely related to adipose tissue dysfunction and inflammation, it has not been widely studied in perivascular adipose tissue obtained from healthy human subjects without clinical atherosclerosis. In this cross-sectional study, we addressed this issue by measuring adipocyte size and defining its relationship to cardiovascular risk factors in a healthy cohort of living kidney donors. The presence of cardiovascular risk factors was established by a standardized questionnaire, clinical measurements and body composition analyses. Adipocyte size was measured in the perivascular depot. The proportions of various macrophage subtypes were determined by flow cytometry. To confirm the results, the proportion of CD68 + macrophages was additionally assessed by immunohistochemistry. A correlation and principal component analyses were performed to explore associations. Adipocyte size in perivascular adipose tissue correlated with markers of lipid metabolism, inflammation, and glucose metabolism. Further, the positive correlation with the pro-inflammatory subpopulation of macrophages suggests a strong local effect of perivascular adipose tissue. Perivascular adipocyte size was associated with cardiovascular risk factors and markers of inflammation in a healthy cohort of living kidney donors. This further supports the local role of adipose tissue dysfunction and inflammation in early atherosclerosis development and detection.

• Klíčová slova
• Perivascular adipose tissue, adipocyte size, cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation, macrophages,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy * MeSH
• makrofágy metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• tuková tkáň metabolismus   MeSH
• tukové buňky * metabolismus   cytologie   MeSH
• velikost buňky MeSH
• zánět * metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• lipidy * MeSH

Wharton's Jelly multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (WJ-MSCs) hold potential for regenerative medicine, particularly in soft tissue engineering. However, their adipogenic differentiation capacity is inferior to adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AT-MSCs). This study aimed to optimize adipogenic differentiation for WJ-MSCs by leveraging insights from the comparative analysis of WJ- and AT-MSC lipidomic profiles. Lipidomic profiles of non-induced cells were compared, and adipogenic differentiation was induced with and without exogenous oleic or linoleic acid supplementation. Differentiation efficiency was determined based on lipid droplet formation, triglyceride (TG) content quantification, and the expression of adipogenic markers. Significant differences in TG composition were observed, with WJ-MSCs showing higher levels of 52-carbon TGs and AT-MSCs having more 56-carbon species. Both cell types had similar fatty acid (FA) profiles, with 18-carbon FAs making up over 50%. Adding oleic acid to the differentiation medium significantly enhanced lipid droplet formation and upregulated adipogenic markers in WJ-MSCs, aligning their adipogenic capacity more closely with AT-MSCs. In contrast, linoleic acid showed no significant benefits. The study underscores the critical role of the initial lipidomic profile in the adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. Supplementation with oleic acid represents a promising approach for improving adipogenic differentiation of WJ-MSCs and their utility in soft tissue engineering.

• Klíčová slova
• Adipogenic differentiation, Adipose tissue, Linoleic acid, Lipidomic profile, Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, Oleic acid, Triglycerides, Wharton’s jelly,
• MeSH
• adipogeneze * účinky léků   MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace účinky léků   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• kyselina linolová farmakologie   MeSH
• kyselina olejová farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidomika * metody   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny * metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• mezenchymální kmenové buňky * metabolismus   cytologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• triglyceridy metabolismus   MeSH
• tuková tkáň cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Whartonův rosol * cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyselina linolová MeSH
• kyselina olejová MeSH
• mastné kyseliny * MeSH
• triglyceridy MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Recently, CT scans of the head are increasingly being used for a variety of forensic reasons, regardless of the head position in which the scans were taken. The study is aimed at monitoring differences in facial shape in vertical and horizontal positions caused by gravity. The first aim was to analyze variations in facial morphology due to gravity between sexes, looking into which regions are most affected. The second aim was to understand changes in the facial soft tissue position due to gravity with advancing age. The final objective was to investigate how variations in body fat percentage influence facial changes due to gravity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study uses 3D facial scans of 132 Czech and Slovak adults (85 females, 47 males), aged 20-72, captured in vertical and horizontal positions. Differences between both facial polygon networks representing the influence of gravity were analyzed by geometric morphometric methods (CPD-DCA, color-coded maps) and the Morphome3cs II software. RESULTS: Both sexes showed a similar but otherwise intense shift of facial soft tissues in horizontal position. Males exhibited a stronger supero-lateral shift from the upper cheek to parotid-masseteric regions, whereas females showed greater buccal retrusion. Intensities of soft tissue displacement in these areas increase with increasing age. Almost the same trend can be observed when comparing soft tissue displacement with normal and increased body fat percentage. CONCLUSION: Positional correction factors should be implemented in craniofacial identification for increased efficiency of facial reconstruction software towards creating realistic approximations.

• Klíčová slova
• 3D facial scans, 3D morphometrics, Aging, Body fat, Facial soft tissue changes, Positional changes, Sex differences,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• gravitace * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• obličej * anatomie a histologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• soudní antropologie MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• tuková tkáň * MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: The aim of part one of this EU-US consensus was to combine literature research and expertise to provide recommendations for the usage of rehabilitation (including physical therapy) of patients undergoing surgical treatment for degenerative meniscus lesions or acute meniscus tears (including meniscectomy, repair, or reconstruction). Prevention programmes, non-operative treatment of acute tears and degenerative lesions, return to sports and patient-reported outcome measures will be presented in a part II article. METHODS: This consensus followed the European Society for Sports Traumatology and Arthroscopy (ESSKA)'s 'formal consensus' methodology. For this combined ESSKA, American Orthopedic Society for Sports Medicine and American Academy of Sports Physical Therapy initiative, 67 experts (26 in the steering group and 41 in the rating group) from 14 countries (US and 13 European countries), including orthopaedic surgeons, sports medicine doctors and physiotherapists were involved. Steering group members established guiding questions, searched the literature and proposed statements. Rating group members assessed the statements according to a Likert scale and provided grades of recommendations, reaching a final agreement about rehabilitation of the knee after meniscus surgery. Final documents were then assessed by a peer review group to address the geographical adaptability. RESULTS: The overall level of evidence in the literature was low. Of the 19 questions (leading to 29 statements), 1 received a Grade A of recommendation, 2 a Grade B, 9 a Grade C and 17 a Grade D. Nevertheless, the mean median rating of all questions was 8.2/9 (9 being the highest rating on a scale of 1-9). The global mean rating was 8.4 ± 0.2, indicating a high agreement. Rehabilitation depends on the type of lesion, the treatment performed and is the same after medial or lateral meniscus surgery. Rehabilitation after meniscectomy should follow a criterion-based rehabilitation protocol, based on milestones rather than a time-based protocol. After meniscus repair and reconstruction, rehabilitation should be progressed according to both time and criterion-based milestones. CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation after meniscus surgery is a debated topic that may influence surgical outcomes if not optimally performed. This international formal consensus established clear, updated and structured recommendations for both surgeons and physiotherapists treating patients after meniscus surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I, consensus.

• Klíčová slova
• consensus, knee, meniscus, physical therapy, rehabilitation, repair,
• MeSH
• artroskopie MeSH
• konsensus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• meniskektomie * rehabilitace   MeSH
• menisky tibiální * chirurgie   MeSH
• návrat ke sportu MeSH
• poranění menisku * chirurgie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• společnosti lékařské MeSH
• zákroky plastické chirurgie rehabilitace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• konsensus - konference MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

Plantar fascia (PF) lesions, such as plantar fasciitis, PF tear, and plantar fibromatosis (Ledderhose disease), are among the common causes of heel pain. The management of these lesions includes conservative treatments, minimally invasive treatments, and surgical interventions. When conservative treatments fail, minimally invasive injection therapies have been proposed as alternatives for managing PF lesions. Despite the availability of various injectable options, where and how to perform the injection is still controversial in the pertinent literature. In this article, considering the paramount role of ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis, interventions, and follow-up for PF pathologies, we demonstrated our sonographic approach to PF lesions for sonographers/physicians in daily clinical practice.

• MeSH
• fascie diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• fasciitida plantární * diagnostické zobrazování   terapie   MeSH
• intervenční ultrasonografie * metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci nohy (od hlezna dolů) * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• plantární fibromatóza * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• ultrasonografie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Lipomas belong to the most common soft tissue tumors. If they reach at least 10 cm or weigh at least 1,000 g, they are referred to as giant lipomas. Such lesions can cause diagnostic quandaries at a biopsy examination. CASE REPORT: The article describes a 58-year-old man who observed the progression of a subcutaneous tumor mass in the right side of the back for two years. It looked like a fibrolipoma on an ultrasound. Complete surgical extirpation was performed. Grossly, it was an encapsulated lobulated lipomatous tumor measuring 12 × 10 × 4 cm. It consisted of a composite classical and spindle cell lipoma. The spindle cell component required differentiation from an atypical lipomatous tumor, which is an oncological entity with a worse prognosis. CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous lipomas over 10 cm are rare and represent a diagnostic challenge for both clinicians and pathologists. We tried to point out that lipomatous tumors of larger dimensions and especially those with a heterogeneous morphological appearance should urge the pathologist to think about a potential malignancy and require more complex differential-diagnostic approach.

• Klíčová slova
• atypical lipomatous tumor, giant lipoma, spindle cell lipoma,
• MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipom * patologie   chirurgie   diagnóza   MeSH
• nádory měkkých tkání * patologie   chirurgie   diagnóza   MeSH
• subkutánní tkáň MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

Modifying scaffolds with agents that at the same time positively influence osteogenic cells and have a negative impact on cancerous growth, is a promising solution for patients with bone tissue defects following tumor excision. Such materials may not only boost tissue regeneration but also limit the risk of cancer reoccurrence. In our study, we developed novel bifunctional scaffolds containing magnetic nanoparticles grafted with PCL (MNP@PCL) and tannic acid (TA), which may be directed to support normal bone cells and suppress osteosarcoma cells. First, MNPs were postsynthetically surface-modified, by grafting poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) from the surface via ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone, to provide their uniform distribution within the polymer matrix. Then, fiber mats containing a fixed amount of MNPs (2 wt %) and increasing content of TA (0, 1, 5, and 10 wt %) were prepared by electrospinning method. Both MNP@PCL and TA decreased polymer crystallinity. The interaction between the MNPs and TA significantly influenced the mat morphology, thermal properties, and initial hydrolytic performance. The most intensive TA release was observed mainly within first 6 h of incubation, and it was 3.5-fold higher (ca. 0.02 mg of TA/per mg of mat) for mfPCL@TA-10 compared to mfPCL@TA-5. Moreover, TA-containing magnetic mats suppressed the metabolic activity of osteosarcoma cells. They also demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial properties against the bacteria typically accompanying orthopedic complications, reducing the population of Gram-positive bacteria by more than 90% compared to the neat PCL mat. This proves the high potential of these materials for combining cancer treatment with bone tissue engineering.

• Klíčová slova
• antibacterial, bone regeneration, fiber scaffolds, magnetic nanoparticles, nanocomposites, tannic acid,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• kosti a kostní tkáň účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetické nanočástice * chemie   MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nádory kostí * farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• osteosarkom * farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• polyestery * chemie   MeSH
• protinádorové látky * farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• taniny * chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• tkáňové inženýrství * metody   MeSH
• tkáňové podpůrné struktury chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky * MeSH
• magnetické nanočástice * MeSH
• polycaprolactone MeSH Prohlížeč
• polyestery * MeSH
• polyfenoly MeSH
• protinádorové látky * MeSH
• taniny * MeSH
• tannic acid MeSH Prohlížeč

In silico analysis is key to understanding bone structure-function relationships in orthopedics and evolutionary biology, but its potential is limited by a lack of standardized, high-quality human bone morphology datasets. This absence hinders research reproducibility and the development of reliable computational models. To overcome this, BoneDat has been developed. It is a comprehensive database containing standardized bone morphology data from 278 clinical lumbopelvic CT scans (pelvis and lower spine). The dataset includes individuals aged 16 to 91, balanced by sex across ten age groups. BoneDat provides curated segmentation masks, normalized bone geometry (volumetric meshes), and reference morphology templates organized by sex and age. By offering standardized reference geometry and enabling shape normalization, BoneDat enhances the repeatability and credibility of computational models. It also allows for integrating other open datasets, supporting the training and benchmarking of deep learning models and accelerating their path to clinical use.

• MeSH
• databáze faktografické * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kosti a kostní tkáň * anatomie a histologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• dataset MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Cholecystectomy is one of the most common operations in surgical departments. Complications after gallbladder removal are mainly bleeding, infection including abscess in the gallbladder bed or in the abdominal wall, wound dehiscence, acute pancreatitis or injury of the bile ducts. In the further course, hernias in the scar may appear after both laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy, strictures of the bile ducts and symptoms of the so-called postcholecystectomy syndrome. The presence of residual gallstones is rare, statistically reported in 0.08-0.3%. CASE REPORT: The goal of our message is to present the case of a patient taken into our care 7 years after laparoscopic cholecystectomy indicated for cholecystitis with wedged lithiasis in the gallbladder neck, proven by ultrasound. In our department, the -patient was treated for a re-current fistula in the scar of the right subcostal area. Definitive -healing from the initial manifestation of the fistula occurred despite repeated revisions after the precise localization and removal of the retained gallstone. CONCLUSION: Thanks to the use of an extensive spectrum of diagnostic methods and at the same time thinking about the rare causes of a recurrent purulent collection with a fistula, we purposefully searched for an infectious source. Only perioperative radiography with injection of contrast material identified the presence of a retained gallstone. It was possible to extirpate it from the space between the intercostal muscles and the peritoneum, thereby relieving the patient of her problems.

• Klíčová slova
• abscess, cholecystectomy, fistula, fistulography, gall stones,
• MeSH
• biliární píštěl * etiologie   MeSH
• cholecystektomie laparoskopická * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• jizva * komplikace   etiologie   MeSH
• kožní píštěl * etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• žlučové kameny * komplikace   chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

The selection of proper reference genes and materials is critical in the design of PCR experiments, especially for differential expression studies. In this study, we propose a method to identify robust endogenous control miRNAs in the visceral adipose tissue of C57BL/6J mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by alternating Western and control diets. This study outlines a comprehensive methodology for the analysis of microRNA endogenous controls using microfluidic cards in conjunction with miRNA profiling through small RNA sequencing and subsequent validation by quantitative PCR and the RefFinder algorithm. Criteria included were fold change, p-value, reads per million, and gene stability assessment. A set of six putative endogenous microRNAs was identified (miR-331-3p, let-7a-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-151a-5p, let-7d-5p, and let-7c-5p). Subsequent validation and analysis using the RefFinder algorithm assessed the stability of the selected genes, and a combination of the three most stable endogenous miRNA controls (miR-331-3p, let-7a- 5p, and miR-1839-5p) exhibiting consistent expression patterns with minimal variability was set. Given the absence of universal endogenous controls, individual evaluation of normalizers for each experiment is imperative for accurate miRNA expression measurements. This approach, which combines multiple techniques and assessments, provides a reliable strategy for identifying and validating endogenous controls in miRNA studies.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• mikro RNA * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nealkoholová steatóza jater * genetika   patologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• nitrobřišní tuk * metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mikro RNA * MeSH