BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) which can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and evolve to pulmonary fibrosis. Computed tomography (CT) is used to study disease progression and describe radiological patterns in COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to assess disease progression regarding lung volume and density over time on follow-up in vivo chest CT and give a unique look at parenchymal and morphological airway changes in "end-stage" COVID-19 lungs using ex vivo microCT. METHODS: Volumes and densities of the lung/lobes of three COVID-19 patients were assessed using follow-up in vivo CT and ex vivo whole lung microCT scans. Airways were quantified by airway segmentations on whole lung microCT and small-partition microCT. As controls, three discarded healthy donor lungs were used. Histology was performed in differently affected regions in the COVID-19 lungs. RESULTS: In vivo, COVID-19 lung volumes decreased while density increased over time, mainly in lower lobes as previously shown. Ex vivo COVID-19 lung volumes decreased by 60% and all lobes were smaller compared to controls. Airways were more visible on ex vivo microCT in COVID-19, probably due to fibrosis and increased airway diameter. In addition, small-partition microCT showed more deformation of (small) airway morphology and fibrotic organization in severely affected regions with heterogeneous distributions within the same lung which was confirmed by histology. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19-ARDS and subsequent pulmonary fibrosis alters lung architecture and airway morphology which is described using in vivo CT, ex vivo microCT, and histology.

• Klíčová slova
• Airway morphology, coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), ex vivo micro-computed tomography (ex vivo microCT), in vivo chest CT, lung density and volume,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Optical fibers have recently attracted a noticeable interest for biomedical applications because they provide a minimally invasive method for in vivo sensing, imaging techniques, deep-tissue photodynamic therapy or optogenetics. The silica optical fibers are the most commonly used because they offer excellent optical properties, and they are readily available at a reasonable price. The fused silica is a biocompatible material, but it is not bioresorbable so it does not decompose in the body and the fibers must be ex-planted after in vivo use and their fragments can present a considerable risk to the patient when the fiber breaks. In contrast, optical fibers made of phosphate glasses can bring many benefits because such glasses exhibit good transparency in ultraviolet-visible and near-infrared regions, and their solubility in water can be tailored by changing the chemical composition. The bioresorbability and toxicity of phosphate glass-based optical fibers were tested in vivo on male laboratory rats for the first time. The fiber was spliced together with a standard graded-index multi-mode fiber pigtail and an optical probe for in vitro pH measurement was prepared by the immobilization of a fluorescent dye on the fiber tip by a sol-gel method to demonstrate applicability and compatibility of the fiber with common fiber optics.

• Klíčová slova
• bioresorbable phosphate optical fiber, in vivo testing, pH sensing,
• MeSH
• fosfáty chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• optická vlákna * MeSH
• oxid křemičitý chemie   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fosfáty MeSH
• oxid křemičitý MeSH

Lung carcinoma remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The tactic to change this unfortunate rate may be a timely and rapid diagnostic, which may in many cases improve patient prognosis. In our study, we focus on the comparison of two novel methods of rapid lung carcinoma diagnostics, label-free in vivo and ex vivo Raman spectroscopy of the epithelial tissue, and assess their feasibility in clinical practice. As these techniques are sensitive not only to the basic molecular composition of the analyzed sample but also to the secondary structure of large biomolecules, such as tissue proteins, they represent suitable candidate methods for epithelial cancer diagnostics. During routine bronchoscopy, we collected 78 in vivo Raman spectra of normal and cancerous lung tissue and 37 samples of endobronchial pathologies, which were subsequently analyzed ex vivo. Using machine learning techniques, namely principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machines (SVM), we were able to reach 87.2% (95% CI, 79.8-94.6%) and 100.0% (95% CI, 92.1-100.0%) of diagnostic accuracy for in vivo and ex vivo setup, respectively. Although the ex vivo approach provided superior results, the rapidity of in vivo Raman spectroscopy might become unmatchable in the acceleration of the diagnostic process.

• Klíčová slova
• Endoscopy, Ex vivo diagnostics, In vivo diagnostics, Lung cancer, Machine learning, Optical biopsy, Raman spectroscopy,
• MeSH
• analýza hlavních komponent * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory plic * diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• Ramanova spektroskopie * metody   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• support vector machine MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) are innovative nanomaterials highly useful for bioimaging applications. Indeed, due to their particular optical properties, i.e., the ability to store the excitation energy before slowly releasing it for a prolonged period of time, they allow in vivo imaging without auto-fluorescence and with a high target to background ratio. However, as for most nanoparticles (NPs), without any special surface coating, they are rapidly opsonized and captured by the liver after systemic injection into small animals. To overcome this issue and prolong nanoparticle circulation in the bloodstream, a new stealth strategy was developed by covering their surface with poly(N-2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (pHPMA), a highly hydrophilic polymer widely used in nanomedicine. Preliminary in vivo imaging results demonstrated the possibility of pHPMA as an alternative strategy to cover ZnGa2O4:Cr NPs to delay their capture by the liver, thereby providing a new perspective for the formulation of stealth NPs.

• Klíčová slova
• HPMA polymer, imaging, in vivo, nanoparticles, persistent luminescence, surface coating,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Current possibilities and limitations of the simulation of in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopic signals are demonstrated from the point of view of a simulation software user as well as its programmer. A brief review of the quantum-mechanical background addresses the specific needs of simulation implementation and in vivo MR spectroscopy in general. Practical application examples demonstrate how flexible simulation software, such as NMRScopeB, can be utilized not only for the preparation of metabolite basis signals for quantification of metabolite concentrations, but also in pulse sequence development, assessment of artifacts and analyzing mechanism leading to unexpected signal phenomena.

• Klíčová slova
• In vivo spectroscopy, Magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Metabolite concentration quantitation, Quantum mechanical simulation,
• MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• kvantová teorie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie metody   MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• software * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

In this study, we present a method for the detection of n-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) signals using MRS in adipose tissue in vivo. This method (called oMEGA-PRESS) is based on the selective detection of the CH3 signal of n-3 FA using the MEGA-PRESS (MEshcher-GArwood Point-RESolved Spectroscopy) J-difference editing technique. We optimized the envelope shape and frequency of spectral editing pulses to minimize the spurious co-editing and incomplete subtraction of the CH3 signal of other FAs, which normally obscure the n-3 FA CH3 signal in MR spectra acquired using standard PRESS techniques. The post-processing of the individual data scans with the phase and frequency correction before data subtraction and averaging was implemented to further improve the quality of in vivo spectra. The technique was optimized in vitro on lipid phantoms using various concentrations of n-3 FA and examined in vivo at 3 T on 15 healthy volunteers. The proportion of n-3 FA estimated by the oMEGA-PRESS method in phantoms showed a highly significant linear correlation with the n-3 FA content determined by gas chromatography. The signal attributed to n-3 FA was observed in all subjects. Comparisons with the standard PRESS technique revealed an enhanced identification of the n-3 FA signal using oMEGA-PRESS. The presented method may be useful for the non-invasive quantification of n-3 FA in adipose tissue, and could aid in obtaining a better understanding of various aspects of n-3 FA metabolism.

• Klíčová slova
• J-difference editing, MEGA-PRESS, in vivo MRS, n-3 fatty acids, oMEGA-PRESS,
• MeSH
• chromatografie plynová MeSH
• fantomy radiodiagnostické MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lněný olej chemie   MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie metody   MeSH
• oleje rostlin chemie   MeSH
• omega-3 mastné kyseliny analýza   MeSH
• podkožní tuk chemie   MeSH
• slunečnicový olej MeSH
• tuková tkáň chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• lněný olej MeSH
• oleje rostlin MeSH
• omega-3 mastné kyseliny MeSH
• slunečnicový olej MeSH

A short introduction to the description of in vivo (1)H MR spectra is given. The parameters important for successful measurement and interpretation of spectra are discussed. Basic metabolites visible in proton MR spectra are described and the attention is paid to N acetylaspartate, creatine and cholines.

• MeSH
• cholin metabolismus   MeSH
• kreatin metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina asparagová metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie metody   MeSH
• mozek - chemie * MeSH
• mozek metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cholin MeSH
• kreatin MeSH
• kyselina asparagová MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• ANTIBIOTICS/effects *, MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS/effect of drugs on *,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis účinky léků   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH

• MeSH
• aktivační analýza * MeSH
• fosfor analýza   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neutronová aktivační analýza * MeSH
• rtuť analýza   MeSH
• sodík analýza   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• tkáňová distribuce MeSH
• vápník analýza   MeSH
• zlato analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fosfor MeSH
• rtuť MeSH
• sodík MeSH
• vápník MeSH
• zlato MeSH

• MeSH
• fluoreny metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• miniaturní prasata MeSH
• myši MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• protinádorové látky metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fluoreny MeSH
• protinádorové látky MeSH
• VUFB 13468 MeSH Prohlížeč