OBJECTIVE: Verification of the importance of determination of HE4 and calculation of ROMA index for increasing the efficiency of diagnosis of ovarian cancer in a population of Czech women. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty Hospital in Pilsen. METHODS: In the period from 06/24/2010 to 12/01/2011 was at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Pilsen examined 552 patients with abnormalities in the pelvis. Patients were divided into two groups. There were 30 women with histologically confirmed malignant ovarian tumors. Another 522 women had benign findings. According to the levels of FSH were women in both groups divided into premenopausal and postmenopausal. At all women were measured CA 125, HE4 and FSH. HE4 and CA125 were determined using the chemiluminescent device Architect 1000 (Abbott, USA), FSH chemiluminescent method on the device DXI 800 (Beckman Coulter, USA). At all premenopausal women was calculated ROMA1 index and at all postmenopausal women ROMA2 index. SAS statistical software 9.2 were used for all statistical calculations. RESULTS: The highest diagnostic efficiency was achieved by a combination of HE4 and CA125 markers with the calculation ROMA2 index for postmenopausal women. In determining of menopausal status according to the values of FSH cut-off for menopause 40 IU/L and cut-off at 26.4% for ROMA2 reaches ROMA2 sensitivity of 92.3%, specificity of 88.5% and PV- of 99.3%. If we reduce the cut-off for laboratory diagnosis of menopause using FSH at 22 IU/L, and cut-off for ROMA2 was 26.3% reaches ROMA2 sensitivity of 95.2%, specificity of 87.8% and PV- of 99.5%. CONCLUSION: HE4 in combination with CA125 and current ROMA index calculation is a suitable methodology to improve the detection of ovarian cancer.

• MeSH
• antigen CA-125 krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránové proteiny krev   MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery krev   MeSH
• nádory vaječníků diagnóza   MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• protein WFDC2 MeSH
• proteiny analýza   MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigen CA-125 MeSH
• membránové proteiny MeSH
• MUC16 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• nádorové biomarkery MeSH
• protein WFDC2 MeSH
• proteiny MeSH
• WFDC2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč

BACKGROUND: Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (AO) are rare tumors. Two phase III clinical trials (RTOG 9402 and EORTC 26951) proved favorable effects of radiotherapy (RT) with chemotherapy (procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine; PCV) in patients with AO carrying chromosomal mutation of co-deletion1p/19q even if it was not the primary endpoint of these studies. We assessed 1p/19q co-deletion as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for our patients with AO. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 1p/19q co-deletion was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization in tumor samples from 23 patients and correlated with progression-free (PFS) and overall (OS) survival for the entire cohort and for the subgroups of patients with different treatment (neurosurgery plus RT alone vs. RT plus PCV). RESULTS: 1p/19q co-deletion was identified in 12 out of 23 tumors (52.2%). Patients with co-deletion had longer OS (587 vs. 132 weeks, p=0.012) and a trend for longer PFS (321 vs. 43 weeks, p=0.075). Patients with co-deletion treated with neurosurgery and RT plus PCV vs. neurosurgery and RT alone also had longer OS (706 vs. 423 weeks, p=0.008). There was no survival difference for patients without 1p/19q co-deletion in relation to treatment. CONCLUSION: The prognostic value of 1p/19q co-deletion in our patients with AO was verified. The strong positive predictive value of this biomarker for OS was also shown for patients with co-deletion treated with neurosurgery and RT plus PCV vs. neurosurgery and RT alone.

• Klíčová slova
• 1p/19q co-deletion, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, predictive biomarker, prognostic biomarker,
• MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• chromozomální delece MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lidské chromozomy, pár 1 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidské chromozomy, pár 19 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• nádory mozku farmakoterapie   MeSH
• oligodendrogliom farmakoterapie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH

For patients with advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), treatment strategies have changed significantly due to the introduction of targeted therapies and immunotherapy. In the last few years, we have seen an explosive growth of newly introduced targeted therapies in oncology and this development is expected to continue in the future. Besides primary targetable aberrations, emerging diagnostic biomarkers also include relevant co-occurring mutations and resistance mechanisms involved in disease progression, that have impact on optimal treatment management. To accommodate testing of pending biomarkers, it is necessary to establish routine large-panel next-generation sequencing (NGS) for all patients with advanced stage NSCLC. For cost-effectiveness and accessibility, it is recommended to implement predictive molecular testing using large-panel NGS in a dedicated, centralized expert laboratory within a regional oncology network. The central molecular testing center should host a regional Molecular Tumor Board and function as a hub for interpretation of rare and complex testing results and clinical decision-making.

• Klíčová slova
• Next-generation sequencing, Non-small cell lung cancer, Predictive biomarker testing,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1), originally described as a prognostic biomarker remarkably linked with metastasis potential in lung cancer, has been identified as contributing to many diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC). This long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has come to the forefront of lncRNA research for its implications in cancer-related processes, such as cell proliferation and migration. In general, lncRNAs are recognized as enhancers, scaffolds, or decoys for a variety of oncogenes and tumor suppressors, although our understanding of lncRNA functions and mechanisms of action is still limited. Nowadays, cancer research is attracted to lncRNAs' ability to improve the early diagnosis of cancer, determine patients' prognosis, or predict therapy outcomes. In this review, we aimed to evaluate recent publications trying to uncover the cellular mechanisms of MALAT1-mediated regulation, and its potential exploitation in the management of CRC. The conclusions of this review provide robust support for the essential role of MALAT1 in CRC development and future personalized therapy.

• Klíčová slova
• Biomarker, Colorectal cancer, MALAT1, ceRNA, lncRNA,
• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• kolorektální nádory * diagnóza   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• RNA dlouhá nekódující genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• MALAT1 long non-coding RNA, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• RNA dlouhá nekódující MeSH

In the past two decades, the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), has undergone significant changes due to the introduction of targeted therapies and immunotherapy. These advancements have led to the need for predictive molecular tests to identify patients eligible for targeted therapy. This review provides an overview of the development and current application of targeted therapies and predictive biomarker testing in European patients with advanced stage NSCLC. Using data from eleven European countries, we conclude that recommendations for predictive testing are incorporated in national guidelines across Europe, although there are differences in their comprehensiveness. Moreover, the availability of recently EMA-approved targeted therapies varies between European countries. Unfortunately, routine assessment of national/regional molecular testing rates is limited. As a result, it remains uncertain which proportion of patients with metastatic NSCLC in Europe receive adequate predictive biomarker testing. Lastly, Molecular Tumor Boards (MTBs) for discussion of molecular test results are widely implemented, but national guidelines for their composition and functioning are lacking. The establishment of MTB guidelines can provide a framework for interpreting rare or complex mutations, facilitating appropriate treatment decision-making, and ensuring quality control.

• Klíčová slova
• Europe, Non-small cell lung cancer, Predictive biomarker testing, Targeted therapy,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Immunotherapy represents a significant and essential component of renal carcinoma therapy (RCC), but the selection of an optimal regimen for an individual patient remains unclear. Despite significant improvements in therapeutic options for RCC, predictive biomarkers for immunotherapeutic agents remain elusive. Neopterin is a biomarker of cell-mediated immune response, with concentrations increased in different disorders, including cancer. High neopterin levels herald, in general, a poor prognosis. AREAS COVERED: This review briefly overviews the contemporary clinical data on biomarkers in metastatic RCC therapy, focusing on neopterin. EXPERT OPINION: Elevated neopterin levels have been observed in tumors of different primary locations. Research indicates that neopterin may serve as a potential biomarker for assessing the inflammatory status associated with certain cancers. However, it is necessary to interpret neopterin levels in the context of a comprehensive clinical evaluation, as elevated neopterin alone is not specific to cancer and can be influenced by other factors, including comorbid conditions. Neopterin has also been identified as a prognostic biomarker. An increasing neopterin level in serum and urine is associated with advanced cancer, but the role as a potential predictor of response to immunotherapy has yet to be established. A reliable biomarker for optimal therapy selection in metastatic RCC is still putative.

• Klíčová slova
• Immunotherapy, neopterin, predictive biomarkers, prognostic biomarkers, renal cell carcinoma,
• MeSH
• imunoterapie * metody   MeSH
• inhibitory kontrolních bodů * aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• karcinom z renálních buněk * farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metastázy nádorů * MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery * metabolismus   MeSH
• nádory ledvin * patologie   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• neopterin * MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• inhibitory kontrolních bodů * MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery * MeSH
• neopterin * MeSH

BACKGROUND: Predictive testing is a crucial part of the complete diagnostic process of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and a necessary requirement in order to determine proper course of treatment. However, the possibilities of testing and the spectrum of examined markers are quickly evolving as a result of the progress in diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities, and as such it is necessary to regularly update the current guidelines to achieve proper standards of care in routine practice. PURPOSE: To provide a complex overview of the current problematics of predictive testing in NSCLC at a molecular level, considering also the evaluation of PD-L1 expression based on the international and national guidelines. To summarize the current state of predictive testing employed in NSCLC in the Czech Republic. CONCLUSION: Predictive testing in NSCLC is a part of routine diagnostic practice; however, as a result of the expanding spectrum of diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities, it is undergoing significant development. The existing method of the sequential testing of individual markers is becoming unsuitable; given the increasing number of potential predictors and complex molecular testing, the use of new generation sequencing appears to represent a more suitable solution. The immunohistochemical evaluation of PD-L1 expression is also a necessary part of predictive testing in NSCLC.

• Klíčová slova
• PD-L1, driver mutations, non-small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma, predictive testing,
• MeSH
• časná detekce nádoru metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mutace * MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery genetika   MeSH
• nádory plic diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• nemalobuněčný karcinom plic diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• nádorové biomarkery MeSH

Ever since proteomics was proven to be capable of characterizing a large number of differences in both protein quality and quantity, it has been applied in various areas of biomedicine, ranging from the deciphering molecular pathogenesis of diseases to the characterization of novel drug targets and the discovery of potential diagnostic biomarkers. Indeed, the biomarker discovery in human plasma is clearly one of the areas with enormous potential. However, without proper planning and implementation of specific techniques, the efforts and expectations may very easily be hampered. Numerous earlier projects aimed at clinical proteomics, characterized by exaggerated enthusiasm, often underestimated some principal obstacles of plasma biomarker discovery. Consequently, ambiguous and insignificant results soon led to a more critical view in this field. In this article, we critically review the current state of proteomic approaches for biomarker discovery and validation, in order to provide basic information and guidelines for both clinicians and researchers. These need to be closely considered prior to initiation of a project aimed at plasma biomarker discovery. We also present a short overview of recent applications of clinical proteomics in biomarker discovery.

• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• krevní proteiny analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• proteomika * metody   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• krevní proteiny MeSH

BACKGROUND: Predicting the long-term outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important component of treatment strategy. Despite dramatically improved emergency management of TBI and apparent clinical recovery, most patients with TBI still may have long-term central nervous system (CNS) impairment. METHODS: Sixty-three patients with TBI were enrolled into the prospective study. Venous blood samples were taken at admission and every 24 h for a maximum of 6 consecutive days. Serum concentrations of the biomarkers S100B, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), GFAP, NF-H, secretagogin and Hsp70 were quantified immuno-luminometrically or by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The outcome was evaluated 6 months after TBI using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) in all patients. RESULTS: The S100B levels in patients with worse outcome (GOS 4 or death) were already significantly higher at D0 (p < 0.001; p = 0.002). NSE levels were significantly higher in patients who died or had worse outcomes (p < 0.001; p = 0.003). Patients who had worse outcomes (GOS) or died had higher GFAP values (p < 0.001; p < 0.001), but their dynamics were similar over the same period. NF-H grew significantly faster in patients who had a worse GOS or died (p < 0.001; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Although further prospective study is warranted, these findings suggest that levels of biomarkers correlate with mortality and may be useful as predictors of outcome in children with TBI.

• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• gliový fibrilární kyselý protein krev   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• neurofilamentové proteiny krev   MeSH
• neurotrofní faktory krev   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• poranění mozku krev   mortalita   terapie   MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• proteiny S100 krev   MeSH
• proteiny tepelného šoku HSP70 krev   MeSH
• proteiny vázající vápník krev   MeSH
• S-100 kalcium vázající protein G, podjednotka beta MeSH
• secretagoginy MeSH
• transportní proteiny krev   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• gliový fibrilární kyselý protein MeSH
• neurofilament protein H MeSH Prohlížeč
• neurofilamentové proteiny MeSH
• neurotrofní faktory MeSH
• NSMCE1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• proteiny S100 MeSH
• proteiny tepelného šoku HSP70 MeSH
• proteiny vázající vápník MeSH
• S-100 kalcium vázající protein G, podjednotka beta MeSH
• S100B protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• SCGN protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• secretagoginy MeSH
• transportní proteiny MeSH

Although systemic chemotherapy significantly improves the overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients, the prognosis remains extremely poor. The development of a drug resistance, either de novo or induced resistance, significantly limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy. SLC29A1 gene encodes human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) protein that is mediating the transport of nucleotides, both purines and pyrimidines, into the tumor cells. The aim of this mini-review is to summarize the current information concerning the prognostic and predictive role of SLC29A1 transporter (hENT1) expression in pancreatic cancer. Increased expression of SLC29A1 in vitro has been described as a potential critical factor determining the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil, the principal cytotoxic agents used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. The reports on the relationship between SLC29A1 expression and prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer are currently rather conflicting. However, majority of studies on patients with resected pancreatic cancer have suggested that high SLC29A1expression may be predictive of improved survival in patients treated with gemcitabine. SLC29A1 has not been shown to represent a predictive biomarker for patients treated by 5-fluorouracil. In conclusion, potential prognostic and predictive role of SLC29A1 has been demonstrated for selected subset of patients.

• Klíčová slova
• Gemcitabine, Membrane transport protein, Pancreatic cancer, SLC29A1, hENT1,
• MeSH
• deoxycytidin analogy a deriváty   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• ekvilibrační přenašeč nukleosidů 1 analýza   genetika   MeSH
• gemcitabin MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery analýza   genetika   MeSH
• nádory slinivky břišní farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• protinádorové antimetabolity terapeutické užití   MeSH
• protinádorové látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• deoxycytidin MeSH
• ekvilibrační přenašeč nukleosidů 1 MeSH
• gemcitabin MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery MeSH
• protinádorové antimetabolity MeSH
• protinádorové látky MeSH
• SLC29A1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč