• Klíčová slova
• ASPERGILLOSIS/pathology *, RESPIRATORY SYSTEM/diseases *,
• MeSH
• aspergilóza patologie   MeSH
• dýchací soustava * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoc * MeSH
• nemoci dýchací soustavy * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• HOSPITAL OUTPATIENT SERVICE *, PEDIATRICS/hospitals and clinics *, RESPIRATORY SYSTEM/diseases *,
• MeSH
• ambulantní kliniky nemocniční * MeSH
• ambulantní zařízení * MeSH
• chronická nemoc * MeSH
• dětské nemocnice * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dýchací soustava * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoc * MeSH
• nemoci dýchací soustavy * MeSH
• pacienti ambulantní * MeSH
• pediatrie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM/physiology *, EXERTION *, RESPIRATORY SYSTEM/physiology *,
• MeSH
• dýchací soustava fyziologie   MeSH
• fyziologie dýchací soustavy * MeSH
• kardiovaskulární fyziologické jevy * MeSH
• kardiovaskulární systém fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• tělesná námaha * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Understanding the mechanics of the respiratory system is crucial for optimizing ventilator settings and ensuring patient safety. While simple models of the respiratory system typically consider only flow resistance and lung compliance, lung tissue resistance is usually neglected. This study investigated the effect of lung tissue viscoelasticity on delivered mechanical power in a physical model of the respiratory system and the possibility of distinguishing tissue resistance from airway resistance using proximal pressure measured at the airway opening. Three different configurations of a passive physical model of the respiratory system representing different mechanical properties (Tissue resistance model, Airway resistance model, and No-resistance model) were tested. The same volume-controlled ventilation and parameters were set for each configuration, with only the inspiratory flow rates being adjusted. Pressure and flow were measured with a Datex-Ohmeda S/5 vital signs monitor (Datex-Ohmeda, Madison, WI, USA). Tissue resistance was intentionally tuned so that peak pressures and delivered mechanical energy measured at airway opening were similar in Tissue and Airway Resistance models. However, measurements inside the artificial lung revealed significant differences, with Tissue resistance model yielding up to 20% higher values for delivered mechanical energy. The results indicate the need to revise current methods of calculating mechanical power delivery, which do not distinguish between tissue resistance and airway flow resistance, making it difficult to evaluate and interpret the significance of mechanical power delivery in terms of lung ventilation protectivity.

• Klíčová slova
• mechanical power, mechanical ventilation, physical respiratory system model, tissue resistance, viscoelasticity,
• MeSH
• biologické modely * MeSH
• dýchací soustava MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mechanika dýchání MeSH
• plíce * fyziologie   MeSH
• poddajnost plic MeSH
• pružnost * MeSH
• rezistence dýchacích cest * MeSH
• tlak MeSH
• umělé dýchání metody   MeSH
• viskozita MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The human respiratory system is continuously exposed to varying levels of hazardous substances ranging from environmental toxins to purposely administered drugs. If the noxious effects exceed the inherent regenerative capacity of the respiratory system, injured tissue undergoes complex remodeling that can significantly affect lung function and lead to various diseases. Advanced near-to-native in vitro lung models are required to understand the mechanisms involved in pulmonary damage and repair and to reliably test the toxicity of compounds to lung tissue. This review is an overview of the development of in vitro respiratory system models used for study of lung diseases. It includes discussion of using these models for environmental toxin assessment and pulmonary toxicity screening.

• MeSH
• biologické modely * MeSH
• buněčné kultury MeSH
• dýchací soustava * anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• laboratoř na čipu MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrofluidika MeSH
• tkáňové podpůrné struktury MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The prebiotics and probiotics market is constantly growing due to the positive effects of its consumption on human health, which extends beyond the digestive system. In addition, the synbiotic products market is also expanding due to the synergistic effects between pre- and probiotics that provide additional benefits to consumers. Pre- and probiotics are being evaluated for their effectiveness to treat and prevent infectious diseases in other parts of the human body where microbial communities exist. This review examines the scientific data related to the effects of pre- and probiotics on the treatment of diseases occurring in the skin, female urogenital tract, and respiratory tract. The evidence suggests that probiotics consumption can decrease the presence of eczema in children when their mothers have consumed probiotics during pregnancy and lactation. In women, probiotics consumption can effectively prevent recurrent urinary tract infections. The consumption of synbiotic products can reduce respiratory tract infections and their duration and severity. However, the outcomes of the meta-analyses are still limited and not sufficiently conclusive to support the use of probiotics to treat infectious diseases. This is largely a result of the limited number of studies, lack of standardization of the studies, and inconsistencies between the reported results. Therefore, it is advisable that future studies consider these shortcomings and include the evaluation of the combined use of pre- and probiotics.

• Klíčová slova
• Female urogenital system, Prebiotics, Probiotics, Respiratory tract, Skin,
• MeSH
• dýchací soustava účinky léků   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kůže účinky léků   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prebiotika aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• probiotika aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• urogenitální systém účinky léků   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• prebiotika MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• LUNG/abnormalities *, RESPIRATORY SYSTEM/diseases *,
• MeSH
• abnormality dýchací soustavy * MeSH
• dýchací soustava * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoc * MeSH
• nemoci dýchací soustavy * MeSH
• plíce abnormality   MeSH
• plicní nemoci * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Ambient air particulates derived from a magnesite-processing plant contain magnesium oxide (85-90%), iron oxide (7-8%), calcium oxide (about 2.5-3%), Al- and Si oxides (0.1-0.5%) as well as additional elements in trace amounts as follows: Ni, Cr, Mn, Co, Hg, Cd, Pb, V, Ba, Ag, Cu and Sn. Magnesite clinker is manufactured from raw magnesite by baking in rotary furnaces using the Leseps-Polysius system, which represents the source of particulate pollutants entering the atmosphere. In the area heavily polluted by magnesite particles, the health impact using the data obtained from the exposed humans and animals was assessed. The reason for this study were the data on the increased frequency of respiratory diseases in children in the polluted area. In a group of children (9-10 years of age) residing in the area, the immune response to ambient air pollutants exposure in comparison to a non-exposed group living outside the polluted area was investigated. A statistically significant decrease in the amount of salivary lysozyme, SlgA, IgG and albumin in the exposed group was observed. Simultaneously, a 6-month respiratory exposure of a group of Chinchilla rabbits in that polluted area aimed at the simulation of the human exposure was conducted. In the exposed rabbits, enormously increased number of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) has been found. Using atomic absorption spectrometry, a statistically significant increase in magnesium content (e.g. a bioindicator of the exposure) in the body tissues of the exposed animals was found. The laboratory data obtained from the animal study contributed to the elucidation of the depressed immunity (especially in the respiratory system) in the children exposed to ambient air magnesite particulates.

• MeSH
• alveolární makrofágy MeSH
• bronchoalveolární laváž MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• epidemiologické monitorování MeSH
• hořčík škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• imunoglobulin A krev   MeSH
• imunoglobulin M krev   MeSH
• imunoglobuliny analýza   MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• nemoci dýchací soustavy epidemiologie   etiologie   imunologie   MeSH
• počet buněk MeSH
• sliny chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hořčík MeSH
• imunoglobulin A MeSH
• imunoglobulin M MeSH
• imunoglobuliny MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• RESPIRATORY SYSTEM/diseases *,
• MeSH
• akutní nemoc * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dýchací soustava * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoc * MeSH
• nemoci dýchací soustavy * MeSH
• poruchy dýchání * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The experiments were performed on male rats of the Wistar strain under urethane anaesthesia (1.3 g/kg i.p.). Changes of oesophageal and tracheal pressures were registered in a group of 30 spontaneously breathing, supine rats, of 295 +/- 13 g average body weight during lung inflations with 1-5 ml of air. In another group of 25 rats of 70 +/- 6 g average body weight (young rats) we made the measurements during inflation with volumes 0.5-2 ml. The measurements were also performed in a group of 10 paralyzed, ventilated rats with 347 +/- 24 g average body weight and inflations 1-5 ml. Compliance of the lungs (CL), chest wall (CW) and of the respiratory system (Crs) was calculated from the linear part of the pressure-volume curve during inflation. The results indicate: 1. Cw is significantly (p less than 0.001) higher in young (134.7 ml.kPa-1.kg-1) than in adult rats (44.1 ml.kPa-1.kg-1). CL (related to body weight) is not significantly different in young and adult rats. 2. Cw is significantly (p less than 0.001) higher than CL. 3. No difference was observed in CLs Cw and Crs between paralyzed and spontaneously breathing animals.

• MeSH
• ezofágus fyziologie   MeSH
• fyziologie dýchací soustavy * MeSH
• inbrední kmeny potkanů MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• poddajnost plic * MeSH
• pružnost MeSH
• stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• tlak MeSH
• trachea fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH