BACKGROUND: Mosquito-borne flaviviruses are a major public health threat in many countries worldwide. In Central Europe, West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV), both belonging to the Japanese encephalitis virus group (Flaviviridae) have emerged in the last decennium. Surveillance of mosquito vectors for arboviruses is a sensitive tool to evaluate virus circulation and consequently to estimate the public health risk. METHODS: Mosquitoes (Culicidae) were collected at South-Moravian (Czech Republic) fishponds between 2010 and 2014. A total of 61,770 female Culex modestus Ficalbi mosquitoes, pooled to 1,243 samples, were examined for flaviviruses by RT-PCR. RESULTS: One pool proved positive for USUV RNA. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that this Czech USUV strain is closely related to Austrian and other Central European strains of the virus. In addition, nine strains of WNV lineage 2 were detected in Cx. modestus collected in the same reed bed ecosystem. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first detection of USUV in Cx. modestus. The results indicate that USUV and WNV may co-circulate in a sylvatic cycle in the same habitat, characterised by the presence of water birds and Cx. modestus mosquitoes, serving as hosts and vectors, respectively, for both viruses.

Department of Experimental Biology Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Science Szent István University Budapest Hungary Viral Zoonoses Emerging and Vector Borne Infections Group Institute of Virology University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Austria

Institute of Vertebrate Biology v v i Academy of Sciences Květná 8 60365 Brno Czech Republic

Viral Zoonoses Emerging and Vector Borne Infections Group Institute of Virology University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Austria Department of Microbiology and Immunology College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman

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