Methods for analysis of microplastic in soils are still being developed. In this study, we evaluated the potential of a soil universal model method (SUMM) based on thermogravimetry (TGA) for the identification and quantification of microplastics in standard loamy sand. Blank and spiked soils (with amounts of one of four microplastic types) were analyzed by TGA. For each sample, thermal mass losses (TML) in 10 °C intervals were extracted and used for further analysis. To explain and demonstrate the principles of SUMM, two scenarios were discussed. The first refers to a rare situation in which an uncontaminated blank of investigated soil is available and TML of spiked and blank soils are subtracted. The results showed that the investigated microplastics degraded in characteristic temperature areas and differences between spiked and blank soils were proportional to the microplastics concentrations. The second scenario reflects the more common situation where the blank is not available and needs to be replaced by the previously developed interrelationships representing soil universal models. The models were consequently subtracted from measured TML. Sparse principal component analysis (sPCA) identified 8 of 14 modeled differences between measured TMLs and the universal model as meaningful for microplastics discrimination. Calibrating various microplastics concentrations with the first principal component extracted from sPCA resulted in linear fits and limits of detection in between environmentally relevant microplastics concentrations. Even if such an approach using calculated standards still has limitations, the SUMM shows a certain potential for a fast pre-screening method for analysis of microplastics in soils.

Department of Agrochemistry Soil Science Microbiology and Plant Nutrition Faculty of AgriScience Mendel University in Brno Zemědělská 1 613 00 Brno Czech Republic

Dresden University of Technology Institute of Soil Science and Site Ecology Pienner Str 19 01737 Tharandt Germany

Group of Environmental and Soil Chemistry Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Koblenz Landau Fortstraße 7 76829 Landau in der Pfalz Germany

Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection Faculty of Chemistry Brno University of Technology Purkyňova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic

LKS Landwirtschaftliche Kommunikations und Servicegesellschaft mbH August Bebel Str 6 09577 Niederwiesa Germany

School of Environment and Natural Resources Ohio State University 2021 Coffey Rd Columbus OH 43210 USA

Technical University Berlin Institute of Ecology Chair of Soil Conservation Ernst Reuter Platz 1 10587 Berlin Germany

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$a David, Jan $u Group of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany.

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$a Introducing a soil universal model method (SUMM) and its application for qualitative and quantitative determination of poly(ethylene), poly(styrene), poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) microplastics in a model soil / $c J. David, HD. Weissmannová, Z. Steinmetz, L. Kabelíková, MS. Demyan, J. Šimečková, D. Tokarski, C. Siewert, GE. Schaumann, J. Kučerík,

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$a Methods for analysis of microplastic in soils are still being developed. In this study, we evaluated the potential of a soil universal model method (SUMM) based on thermogravimetry (TGA) for the identification and quantification of microplastics in standard loamy sand. Blank and spiked soils (with amounts of one of four microplastic types) were analyzed by TGA. For each sample, thermal mass losses (TML) in 10 °C intervals were extracted and used for further analysis. To explain and demonstrate the principles of SUMM, two scenarios were discussed. The first refers to a rare situation in which an uncontaminated blank of investigated soil is available and TML of spiked and blank soils are subtracted. The results showed that the investigated microplastics degraded in characteristic temperature areas and differences between spiked and blank soils were proportional to the microplastics concentrations. The second scenario reflects the more common situation where the blank is not available and needs to be replaced by the previously developed interrelationships representing soil universal models. The models were consequently subtracted from measured TML. Sparse principal component analysis (sPCA) identified 8 of 14 modeled differences between measured TMLs and the universal model as meaningful for microplastics discrimination. Calibrating various microplastics concentrations with the first principal component extracted from sPCA resulted in linear fits and limits of detection in between environmentally relevant microplastics concentrations. Even if such an approach using calculated standards still has limitations, the SUMM shows a certain potential for a fast pre-screening method for analysis of microplastics in soils.

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$a Weissmannová, Helena Doležalová $u Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.

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$a Steinmetz, Zacharias $u Group of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany.

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$a Kabelíková, Lucie $u Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.

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$a Demyan, Michael Scott $u School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

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$a Šimečková, Jana $u Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriScience, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.

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$a Tokarski, David $u LKS - Landwirtschaftliche Kommunikations- und Servicegesellschaft mbH, August-Bebel Str. 6, 09577 Niederwiesa, Germany; Dresden University of Technology, Institute of Soil Science and Site Ecology, Pienner Str. 19, 01737 Tharandt, Germany.

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$a Siewert, Christian $u Technical University Berlin, Institute of Ecology, Chair of Soil Conservation, Ernst-Reuter Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany.

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$a Schaumann, Gabriele E $u Group of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany.

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$a Kučerík, Jiří $u Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address: kucerik@fch.vut.cz.

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