New techniques suitable for electrophysiological investigation of retrieval of conditioned taste aversion (CTA) were developed. The gustatory discrimination apparatus consisted of two parallel drinking spouts (20 mm apart) equipped with photoelectric lick sensors. The spouts contained water or the aversive fluid (0.15 M LiCl), respectively, and their position could be rapidly (50 ms) interchanged with a reversive electromotor. Licking at either spout and the position of the fluids were recorded on one channel of a tape recorder. Unit activity was picked up with tungsten microelectrodes (40 micrometers) inserted into the brain of a freely moving rat with a head-mounted microdrive system (weight 2 g), fixed to an implanted guiding cannula. The electrode was connected through a head-carried FET signal follower to a wide band integrated circuit amplifier and the unit activity was recorded in the other channel of the tape recorder. The records were evaluated using an off-line computer program (LINC 8) consisting of a spike detection subroutine followed by amplitude histogram analysis. The mean (M) and SD values were computed for uni- or bimodal amplitude distributions of the principal spike components. Spike falling within the M+/-2 SD range of the selected parameter were identified as single units and used for construction of post stimulus histograms triggered by licking or by spout switching.