Having reviewed the state-of-the art trends in pancreas transplantation over the world, the authors describe their own experimental studies preceding elaboration of the technique of pancreatic segment transplantation with duct obliteration. In their technique, the splenic artery is interposed in the course of the iliac arteries of the recipient. The procedure of the selection of diabetic patients suitable for a combined pancreas and kidney transplantation is presented. The results in 13 recipients with insulin-dependent diabetes and progressed organ complications are evaluated. In these patients a combined pancreas and kidney transplantation is of a better prognosis compared with the conventional treatment methods.