Nutritional guidelines and requirements for late or moderately preterm (LMPT) infants are notably absent, although they represent the largest population of preterm infants. The European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition (CoN) performed a review of the literature with the aim to provide guidance on how to feed infants born LMPT, and identify gaps in the literature and research priorities.Only limited data from controlled trials are available. Late preterm infants have unique, often unrecognized, vulnerabilities that predispose them to high rates of nutritionally related morbidity and hospital readmissions. They frequently have feeding difficulties that delay hospital discharge, and poorer rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration compared with term infants. This review also identified that moderately preterm infants frequently exhibit postnatal growth restriction.The ESPGHAN CoN strongly endorses breast milk as the preferred method of feeding LMPT infants and also emphasizes that mothers of LMPT infants should receive qualified, extended lactation support, and frequent follow-up. Individualized feeding plans should be promoted. Hospital discharge should be delayed until LMPT infants have a safe discharge plan that takes into account local situation and resources.In the LMPT population, the need for active nutritional support increases with lower gestational ages. There may be a role for enhanced nutritional support including the use of human milk fortifier, enriched formula, parenteral nutrition, and/or additional supplements, depending on factors, such as gestational age, birth weight, and significant comorbidities. Further research is needed to assess the benefits (improved nutrient intakes) versus risks (interruption of breast-feeding) of providing nutrient-enrichment to the LMPT infant.

Childhood Nutrition Research Centre UCL GOS Institute of Child Health London UK

Children's Hospital Zagreb Croatia University of Zagreb School of Medicine

CNRC Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX

Department of Clinical Sciences Pediatrics Umeå University Umeå Sweden

Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition University Children's Hospital University Medical Centre Ljubljana Slovenia

Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Oslo University Hospital Norway

Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen and Pediatric Nutrition Unit Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Denmark

Department of Paediatrics University Hospital Motol Prague Czech Republic

Department of Paediatrics University of Granada Spain

Department of Pediatrics San Paolo Hospital Department of Health Sciences University of Milan Mian Italy

Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Canada

Human Nutrition School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing University of Glasgow New Lister Building Glasgow Royal Infirmary Glasgow UK

Newcastle Neonatal Service Newcastle Hospitals NHS Trust and Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK

Ospedale Pediatrico Giovanni XXIII University of Bari Italy

Paris Descartes University APHP Necker Enfants Malades hospital Paris France

Citace poskytuje Crossref.org