BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The objective of this update of the EAU-ESPU guidelines recommendations for nocturnal enuresis was to review the recent published literature of studies, reviews, guidelines regarding the etiology, diagnosis and treatment options of nocturnal enuresis and transform the information into a practical recommendation strategy for the general practitioner, pediatrician, pediatric urologist and urologist. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Since 2012 a monthly literature search using Scopus® was performed and the relevant literature was reviewed and prospectively registered on the European Urology bedwetting enuresis resource center (http://bedwetting.europeanurology.com/). In addition, guideline papers and statements of the European Society for Paediatric Urology (ESPU), the European Association of Urology (EAU), the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and the International Children Continence Society (ICCS) were used to update the knowledge and evidence resulting in this practical recommendation strategy. Recommendations have been discussed and agreed within the working group of the EAU-ESPU guidelines committee members. RESULTS: The recommendations focus to place the child and his family in a control position. Pragmatic analysis is made of the bedwetting problem by collecting voiding and drinking habits during the day, measuring nighttime urine production and identification of possible risk factors such as high-volume evening drinking, nighttime overactive bladder, behavioral or psychological problems or sleep disordered breathing. A questionnaire will help to identify those risk factors. CONCLUSION: Motivation of the child is important for success. Continuous involvement of the child and the family in the treatment will improve treatment compliance, success and patient satisfaction.

Department of Pediatric Adolescent and Reconstructive Urology Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Medical Center Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany

Department of Pediatric and Adult Urology East and North Herts NHS Trust Stevenage UK

Department of Urology 1st Faculty of Medicine in Praha General Teaching Hospital Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology University Medical Centre Groningen Groningen The Netherlands

Department of Urology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands

Department of Urology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria

Department of Urology University of Leuven Leuven Belgium

Division of Pediatric Urology Department of Urology Hacettepe University Ankara Turkey

Division of Pediatric Urology Department of Urology Istanbul Medeniyet University Istanbul Turkey

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