Department of Urology 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Department of Urology Comprehensive Cancer Center Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria

Department of Urology University Hospital of Tours Tours France

Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern Dallas TX USA

Department of Urology Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA

Division of Urology Department of Special Surgery Jordan University Hospital The University of Jordan Amman Jordan

European Association of Urology Research Foundation Arnhem Netherlands

Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health Sechenov University Moscow Russia

Eur Urol Oncol. 2020 Aug;3(4):420-423. doi: 10.1016/j.euo.2020.02.010. PubMed

See more in PubMed

Najari, B. B. et al. Sex disparities in cancer mortality: the risks of being a man in the United States. J. Urol. 189, 1470–1474 (2013). DOI

Mori, K. et al. Differential effect of sex on outcomes after radical surgery for upper tract and bladder urothelial carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Urol. https://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000000788 (2020). PubMed DOI

Dobruch, J. et al. Gender and bladder cancer: a collaborative review of etiology, biology, and outcomes. Eur. Urol. 69, 300–310 (2016). DOI

Yuan, Y. et al. Comprehensive characterization of molecular differences in cancer between male and female patients. Cancer Cell 29, 711–722 (2016). DOI

Kamoun, A. et al. A consensus molecular classification of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Eur. Urol. 77, 420–433 (2019). DOI

de Jong, J. J. et al. Distribution of molecular subtypes in muscle-invasive bladder cancer is driven by sex-specific differences. Eur. Urol. Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euo.2020.02.010 (2020). PubMed DOI

Trilla-Fuertes, L. et al. Biological molecular layer classification of muscle-invasive bladder cancer opens new treatment opportunities. BMC Cancer 19, 636 (2019). DOI

Jahrreiss, V., Pradere, B., Laukhtina, E., Mori, K. & Shariat, S. F. Catalog of exogenous risk factors for bladder carcinogenesis. Curr. Opin. Urol. 30, 449–456 (2020). DOI

Krimphove, M. J. et al. Sex-specific differences in the quality of treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer do not explain the overall survival discrepancy. Eur. Urol. Focus https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2019.06.001 (2019). PubMed DOI

Lucca, I., Klatte, T., Fajkovic, H., de Martino, M. & Shariat, S. F. Gender differences in incidence and outcomes of urothelial and kidney cancer. Nat. Rev. Urol. 12, 653 (2015). DOI