Apple scab, caused by Venturia inaequalis, is a major fungal disease worldwide. Cultivation of scab-resistant cultivars would reduce the chemical footprint of apple production. However, new apple cultivars carrying durable resistances should be developed to prevent or at least slow the breakdown of resistance against races of V. inaequalis. One way to achieve durable resistance is to pyramid multiple scab resistance genes in a cultivar. The choice of the resistance genes to be combined in the pyramids should take into account the frequency of resistance breakdown and the geographical distribution of apple scab isolates able to cause such breakdowns. In order to acquire this information and to make it available to apple breeders, the VINQUEST project (www.vinquest.ch) was initiated in 2009. Ten years after launching this project, 24 partners from 14 countries regularly contribute data. From 2009 to 2018, nearly 9,000 data points have been collected. This information has been used to identify the most promising apple scab resistance genes for developing cultivars with durable resistance, which to date are: Rvi5, Rvi11, Rvi12, Rvi14, and Rvi15. As expected, Rvi1, together with Rvi3 and Rvi8, were often overcome, and have little value for scab resistance breeding. Rvi10 may also belong to this group. On the other hand, Rvi2, Rvi4, Rvi6, Rvi7, Rvi9, and Rvi13 are still useful for breeding, but their use is recommended only in extended pyramids of ≥3 resistance genes.

Agroscope Breeding Research 8820 Wädenswil Switzerland

Agroscope Plant Protection 1260 Nyon Switzerland

Better3fruit 3202 Rillaar Belgium

Consorzio Italiano Vivaisti CIV 44022 San Giuseppe di Comacchio Italy

Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences University of Bologna 40126 Bologna Italy

Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari Ambientali e Animali University of Udine 33100 Udine Italy

Höhere Bundeslehranstalt und Bundesamt für Wein und Obstbau Klosterneuburg 3400 Klosterneuburg Austria

Institut de Recherche et de Développement en Agroenvironnement Saint Bruno de Montarville QC J3V 0G7 Canada

IRHS Agrocampus Ouest INRA Université d'Angers 49071 Beaucouzé France

Julius Kühn Institut Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen Institut für Züchtungsforschung an Obst 01326 Dresden Germany

Laimburg Research Centre Laimburg 6 39040 Ora Italy

Landwirtschaftliche Fachschule Eisenstadt 7000 Eisenstadt Austria

Landwirtschaftskammer Tirol 6020 Innsbruck Austria

Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry 54333 Babtai Lithuania

NIAB EMR East Malling West Malling ME19 6BJ United Kingdom

Obst Sorten Garten Ohlsdorf 4694 Ohlsdorf Austria

Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy 129 508 01 Horice Czech Republic

Research Institute of Horticulture Skierniewice Poland

Staatliche Lehr und Versuchsanstalt für Wein und Obstbau Weinsberg 74189 Weinsberg Germany

Station d'études et d'expérimentations fruitières de La Morinière La Morinière 37800 Saint Epain France

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Balsgård 29194 Kristianstad Sweden

The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited 4157 Havelock North New Zealand

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria

Versuchsstation Obst und Weinbau Haidegg 8047 Graz Austria

VNIISPK Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding 302530 Zilina Russia

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