The Caucasus and adjacent areas are inhabited by fifteen species of mayflies of the genus Epeorus, subgenus Caucasiron Kluge, 1997 (Heptageniidae). This identification guide aims to facilitate an accurate species identification of their larvae and sum up all available information on their taxonomy and distribution. An identification key is provided, and the important diagnostic characters of all species are described and illustrated. The larva of E. (C.) insularis (Braasch, 1983) is described for the first time. This study enables the routine identification of Caucasiron larvae necessary for biomonitoring and hydrobiological research in the Caucasus region.

Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Branišovská 31 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice Czech Republic

Department of Botany and Zoology Masaryk University Kotlářská 2 61137 Brno Czech Republic Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology University of Łódź Banacha 12 16 90237 Łódź Poland University of Łódź Łódź Poland

Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia Branišovská 31 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic

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