Textile and printing industries play a vital role in the economy of any country. But the effluents of these industries, which contain toxic Methylene Blue (MB) dye when mixed with fresh water, make it unfit for human health and aquatic life. For the removal of MB, different adsorbents were used, but they were expensive, non-biodegradable or less effective. In this research, novel carboxymethyl starch grafted poly 2-carboxyethyl acrylate (CM-St-g-P2CEtA) was synthesized by reacting carboxymethyl starch with 2-carboxyethyl acrylate. The reaction followed a free radical polymerization mechanism. The structure and properties of CM-St-g-P2CEtA were investigated by advanced analytical techniques. The CM-St-g-P2CEtA was employed for the remediation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye from wastewater. The removal percentage (%R) of MB was checked under different parameters, like different pH levels, different initial concentrations of dye, different adsorbent doses, and different contact times. The results obtained during the experiment were subjected to different adsorption and kinetic models. In the kinetic investigation, the experimental results were best represented by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model due to its high R2 value of 0.999. Similarly, with a regression coefficient (R2) value of 0.947, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm was best represented by the experimental results. The Langmuir adsorption model showed that MB dye was adsorbed on the surface of CM-St-g-P2CEtA in a monolayer pattern. The pseudo 2nd order kinetic model suggested that the adsorption process favored chemisorption mechanism. The CM-St-g-P2CEtA showed maximum percentage removal efficiency (%R) of 99.3% for MB dye.

Departamento de Ingeniería Mec ́anica Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Tarapac ́a Avda General Vel ́asquez 1775 Arica Chile

Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Yuan Ze University Taiwan

Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University P O Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia

Department of Horticulture Gomal University D 1 Khan 29050 KPK Pakistan

Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Gomal University D 1 Khan 29050 KPK Pakistan

Institute of Chemical Sciences Gomal University D 1 Khan 29050 KPK Pakistan

Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory SPIL NETME Centre Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Brno University of Technology VUT Brno Technická 2896 2 616 00 Brno Czech Republic

Environ Res. 2025 Feb 15;267:120718. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120718. PubMed

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