Levotyroxin je syntetický levotočivý izomer hormonu štítné žlázy tyroxinu. Jde o jeden z nejčastěji užívaných léčivých přípravků nejen v České republice, ale i na světě. Po zahájení léčby přibližně 90 % pacientů pokračuje v léčbě dlouhodobě. Nejčastější důvody léčby jsou substituční léčba při hypofunkci štítné žlázy a supresní léčba u pacientů pro karcinom po operaci štítné žlázy. Přestože léčba u hypofunkce štítné žlázy je jasně daná, je někdy předepisován neindikovaně a dochází k jeho nadužívání.
Levothyroxine is a synthetic left-handed isomer of the thyroid hormone thyroxine. It is one of the most commonly used medicines not only in the Czech Republic, but also in the world. After starting treatment, approximately 90% of patients continue treatment in the long term. The most common reasons for treatment are replacement therapy for thyroid hypofunction and suppression therapy in patients for carcinoma after thyroid surgery. Although the treatment of hypofunction of the thyroid gland is clearly given, it is sometimes prescribed in a non-indicated manner and overuse occurs.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ferns form an important part of the human diet. Young fern fiddleheads are mostly consumed as vegetables, while the rhizomes are often extracted for starch. These edible ferns are also often employed in traditional medicine, where all parts of the plant are used, mostly to prepare extracts. These extracts are applied either externally as lotions and baths or internally as potions, decoctions and teas. Ailments traditionally treated with ferns include coughs, colds, fevers, pain, burns and wounds, asthma, rheumatism, diarrhoea, or skin diseases (eczema, rashes, itching, leprosy). AIM OF THE REVIEW: This review aims to compile the worldwide knowledge on the traditional medicinal uses of edible fern species correlating to reported biological activities and isolated bioactive compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The articles and books published on edible fern species were searched through the online databases Web of Science, Pubmed and Google Scholar, with critical evaluation of the hits. The time period up to the end of 2022 was included. RESULTS: First, the edible fern species were identified based on the literature data. A total of 90 fern species were identified that are eaten around the world and are also used in traditional medicine. Ailments treated are often associated with inflammation or bacterial infection. However, only the most common and well-known fern species, were investigated for their biological activity. The most studied species are Blechnum orientale L., Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm., Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw., Marsilea minuta L., Osmunda japonica Thunb., Polypodium vulgare L., and Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.) Bedd. Most of the fern extracts have been studied for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Not surprisingly, antioxidant capacity has been the most studied, with results reported for 28 edible fern species. Ferns have been found to be very rich sources of flavonoids, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, terpenoids and steroids and most of these compounds are remarkable free radical scavengers responsible for the outstanding antioxidant capacity of fern extracts. As far as clinical trials are concerned, extracts from only three edible fern species have been evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: The extracts of edible fern species exert antioxidant anti-inflammatory and related biological activities, which is consistent with their traditional medicinal use in the treatment of wounds, burns, colds, coughs, skin diseases and intestinal diseases. However, studies to prove pharmacological activities are scarce, and require chemical-biological standardization. Furthermore, correct botanical classification needs to be included in publications to simplify data acquisition. Finally, more in-depth phytochemical studies, allowing the linking of traditional use to pharmacological relevance are needed to be done in a standardized way.
- MeSH
- antiflogistika farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- antioxidancia MeSH
- etnofarmakologie MeSH
- fytonutrienty farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- fytoterapie MeSH
- kapradiny * MeSH
- kašel farmakoterapie MeSH
- kožní nemoci * farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nachlazení * farmakoterapie MeSH
- popálení * farmakoterapie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Tyreopatie patří mezi nejčastější endokrinní onemocnění spolu s diabetem. Zaplňují více než 80 % činnosti endokrinologických pracovišť v České republice. Prevalence tyreopatií v graviditě se různí podle typu. Tyreopatie, které postihují značnou část žen ve fertilním věku, je nutné včas diagnostikovat a léčit, aby se předešlo komplikacím v těhotenství a nedošlo intrauterinně k poruchám vývoje plodu a postnatálně k poruchám psychomotorického vývoje dítěte. Česká endokrinologická společnost České lékařské společnosti J. E. Purkyně vydala doporučení pro prevenci, časný záchyt a léčbu tyreopatií v těhotenství 2018 s novelizací v březnu 2023. Podle tohoto platného doporučení by mělo být provedeno vyšetření funkce štítné žlázy u všech žen se zvýšeným rizikem tyreopatie v těhotenství.
Thyreopathy is one of the most common endocrine diseases along with diabetes. They account for more than 80% of the activity of endocrinology departments in the Czech Republic. The prevalence of thyreopathies in pregnancy varies according to the type. The thyroidopathies that affect a significant proportion of women of childbearing age must be diagnosed and treated early to prevent complications in pregnancy and to avoid intrauterine fetal developmental disorders and postnatal psychomotor developmental disorders in the child. The Czech Endocrine Society of Czech Medical Association of J. E. Purkyne has issued the recommendation for the prevention, early detection and treatment of thyroid diseases in pregnancy 2018 with an amendment in March 2023. According to this current recommendation, thyroid function screening should be performed in all women at increased risk of thyroid disease in pregnancy.
- MeSH
- hypertyreóza diagnóza farmakoterapie krev MeSH
- hypotyreóza diagnóza epidemiologie farmakoterapie krev MeSH
- jodidperoxidasa krev metabolismus škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci štítné žlázy * diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- screeningové diagnostické programy klasifikace MeSH
- těhotenství metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- těhotné ženy * MeSH
- thyreotropin krev metabolismus škodlivé účinky MeSH
- uzly štítné žlázy diagnostické zobrazování diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
yreoidální léky patří u nás i celosvětově k nejčastěji předepisovaným lékům. Znalost faktorů a mechanismů, které ovlivňují vstřebávání Levotyroxinu a jeho další využití v organismu, je důležitou podmínkou při snaze o optimalizaci léčby. Mezi ně patří stravovací návyky, interní onemocnění spojená s poruchami vstřebávání u střevních a jiných onemocnění, léky a látky v přírodě zasahující do mechanismu tyreoidálních hormonů - tzv. tyreoidální disruptory. Jejich vlivem může být léčba porušené funkce štítné žlázy neuspokojivá i přes dodržení pravidel substituční léčby.
Thyroid medications are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in our country and worldwide. Knowledge of the factors and mechanisms that influence the absorption of levothyroxine and its further utilization in the body is an important condition in the effort to optimize treatment. These include dietary habits, internal diseases associated with absorption disorders in intestinal and other diseases, drugs and substances in nature interfering with the mechanism of thyroid hormones - the so-called thyroid disruptors. Due to their influence, the treatment of impaired thyroid function may be unsatisfactory despite compliance with the rules of replacement therapy.
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Přehledový článek, který se zaměřuje na různé aspekty nemocí štítné žlázy u dětí. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- jod nedostatek MeSH
- nemoci štítné žlázy MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- Konspekt
- Pediatrie
- NLK Obory
- pediatrie
- endokrinologie
- alergologie a imunologie
Selective cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibition has got into the spotlight with the discovery of COX-1 upregulation in various cancers and the cardioprotective role of COX-1 in control of thrombocyte aggregation. Yet, COX-1-selective inhibitors are poorly explored. Thus, three series of quinazoline derivatives were prepared and tested for their potential inhibitory activity toward COX-1 and COX-2. Of the prepared compounds, 11 exhibited interesting COX-1 selectivity, with 8 compounds being totally COX-1-selective. The IC50 value of the best quinazoline inhibitor was 64 nM. The structural features ensuring COX-1 selectivity were elucidated using in silico modeling.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- autoimunitní tyreoiditida diagnóza epidemiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- Hashimotova nemoc diagnóza epidemiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- jod aplikace a dávkování nedostatek normy MeSH
- kongenitální hypotyreóza diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory štítné žlázy diagnostické zobrazování epidemiologie patologie MeSH
- nemoci štítné žlázy * epidemiologie klasifikace krev MeSH
- novorozenecký screening normy MeSH
- thyreotropin krev normy MeSH
- thyroxin krev normy MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
BACKGROUND: Strigolactones are a unique class of plant metabolites which serve as a rhizosphere signal for parasitic plants and evocate their seed germination. The expansion of these parasitic weeds in the food crop fields urgently calls for their increased control and depletion. Simple strigolactone analogues able to stimulate seed germination of these parasitic plants may represent an efficient control measure through the induction of suicidal germination. RESULTS: Triazolide-type strigolactone mimics were easily synthesized in three steps from commercially available materials. These derivatives induced effectively seed germination of Phelipanche ramosa with EC50 as low as 5.2 × 10-10 M. These mimics did not induce seed germination of Striga hermonthica even at high concentration (≥1 × 10-5 M). CONCLUSIONS: Simple and stable strigolactone mimics with selective activity against Phelipanche ramosa were synthesized. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Strigolactones are a particular class of plant metabolites with diverse biological functions starting from the stimulation of parasitic seed germination to phytohormonal activity. The expansion of parasitic weeds in the fields of developing countries is threatening the food supply and calls for simple procedures to combat these weeds. Strigolactone analogues represent a promising approach for such control through suicidal germination, i.e., parasitic seed germination without the presence of the host causing parasite death. In the present work, the synthesis of resorcinol-type strigolactone mimics related to debranones is reported. These compounds were highly stable even at alkaline pH levels and able to induce seed germination of parasitic plants Striga hermonthica and Phelipanche ramosa at low concentrations, EC50 ≈ 2 × 10-7 M ( Striga) and EC50 ≈ 2 × 10-9 M ( Phelipanche). On the other hand, the mimics had no significant effect on root architecture of Arabidopsis plants, suggesting a selective activity for parasitic seed germination, making them a primary target as suicidal germinators.
- MeSH
- klíčení účinky léků MeSH
- laktony chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Orobanchaceae embryologie fyziologie MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin farmakologie MeSH
- resorcinoly chemie MeSH
- semena rostlinná účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- Striga embryologie fyziologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
