V průběhu čtyřiceti let vývoje se transplantace pankreatu stala v České republice běžnou léčebnou metodou, která je zvláště vhodná pro pacienty současně podstupující transplantaci ledviny z důvodu dlouho trvajícího diabetu 1. typu. Oproti samostatné transplantaci ledviny zlepšuje kvalitu života i dlouhodobé přežití. Vede k téměř úplné normalizaci glykemií bez potřeby injekčního inzulinu a bez rizika hypoglykemií. Jako samostatný výkon suverénně léčí syndrom porušeného vnímání hypoglykemie u osob, u nichž edukace a použití dostupných technických prostředků nebyly dostatečně efektivní. V současné době existuje v České republice komplexní program, který dovoluje využít nabídku pankreatů od zemřelých dárců a různým typům příjemců s diabetem 1. a výjimečně i 2. typu poskytnout efektivní a relativně bezpečnou náhradu nefunkčních beta buněk s přihlédnutím k jejich celkovému zdravotnímu stavu, operačnímu riziku a také jejich volbě. Popisujeme dlouhodobé zkušenosti s transplantační léčbou diabetu v IKEM, na které se podílí odborníci z řad transplantačních chirurgů, diabetologů, nefrologů, imunologů a dalších specialistů.
During 40 years of development, pancreas transplantation has become a common treatment method in the Czech Republic, which is particularly suitable for patients undergoing simultaneous kidney transplantation due to long-standing type 1 diabetes. Compared to kidney transplantation alone, it improves quality of life and long-term survival. It leads to almost complete normalisation of glycaemia without the need for insulin injections and without the risk of hypoglycaemia. As a stand-alone procedure, it sovereigny treats the syndrome of impaired hypoglycaemia perception in people for whom education and the use of available technical means have not been sufficiently effective. Currently, there is a comprehensive program in the Czech Republic that allows to use the supply of pancreases from deceased donors and to provide various types of recipients with type 1 and, exceptionally, type 2 diabetes with an effective and relatively safe replacement of non-functioning beta cells, taking into account their overall health status, surgical risk and also their choice. We describe the long-term experience with transplantation treatment of diabetes at IKEM, involving experts from transplant surgeons, diabetologists, nephrologists, immunologists and other specialists.
- Klíčová slova
- IKEM,
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 1. typu chirurgie MeSH
- doba přežití bez progrese choroby MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- přežívání štěpu imunologie MeSH
- transplantace slinivky břišní * dějiny metody MeSH
- týmová péče o pacienty MeSH
- výběr pacientů MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Islet transplantation represents an established therapeutic option for people with type 1 diabetes who have hypoglycemia unawareness syndrome and frequent problematic hypoglycemic episodes when other methods comprising diabetes education and use of technological support fail. Because the current standard method of islet infusion into the liver has some limitations, novel approaches are under investigation. METHODS: We report our first results with 2 cases of islet transplantation into an omental pouch using a biocompatible plasma-fibrin gel. The recipients received 12,350 and 5,350 islet equivalents per kilogram that were mixed with autologous plasma, seeded during a laparoscopic procedure on the omentum, overlaid with human thrombin solution, and fixed by flapping the omentum over. RESULTS: During a 9-month follow-up, neither patient experienced any moderate or severe hypoglycemia. Their glucose control significantly improved, insulin dose decreased by approximately 50%, and C-peptide at 1 year was 0.22 and 0.14 pmol/mL, respectively. The postoperative course was uneventful, but C-peptide production in the first patient progressively declined at 1 year and hypoglycemic episodes recurred. CONCLUSIONS: Though the results for these first 2 cases are not fully satisfactory, we have demonstrated the feasibility, safety, and ability of this novel method to restore insulin production. Further refinements to improve immediate islet survival seem necessary.
- MeSH
- biomedicínský výzkum * MeSH
- C-peptid MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 1. typu * farmakoterapie chirurgie MeSH
- hypoglykemie * farmakoterapie MeSH
- hypoglykemika terapeutické užití MeSH
- inzulin terapeutické užití MeSH
- krevní glukóza MeSH
- Langerhansovy ostrůvky * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- omentum chirurgie MeSH
- transplantace Langerhansových ostrůvků * škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- trombin terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Transplantace Langerhansových ostrůvků představuje zavedenou metodu léčby pacientů s diabetem 1. typu se syndromem porušeného vnímání hypoglykemie, u kterých selhává použití moderních technologických postupů. Nejčastěji se jedná o radiointervenční metodu, při které se suspenze pankreatických ostrůvků podává perkutánně zavedeným katétrem do větve portální žíly. Ačkoliv se na rozdíl od orgánové transplantace pankreatu jedná o výkon jen minimálně invazivní, řada technických problémů zůstává nevyřešena. Mezi možné komplikace patří zejména krvácení a trombóza portální žíly. Na rozdíl od svého přirozeného umístění disperzně ve tkáni exokrinního pankreatu jsou izolované transplantované ostrůvky v jaterním parenchymu vystaveny bezprostřední hypoxii, přímému působení toxinů a imunosupresivních léčiv. Přímý kontakt s krví příjemce vyvolává bezprostřední zánětlivou reakci, tzv. IBMIR (instant blood mediated inflammatory reaction), díky které i více než polovina transplantovaných buněk po aplikaci zaniká. Velikost ostrůvkového štěpu je proto často nedostatečná a řada pacientů potřebuje po výkonu určité množství exogenního inzulinu. To všechno jsou důvody, proč hledáme pro ostrůvkový štěp jiné místo transplantace s příznivějšími podmínkami pro dlouhodobé přežívání. V experimentálním i klinickém výzkumu byla zkoušena různá aplikační místa, jejichž výhody a nevýhody shrneme v tomto sdělení. Jako nejnadějnější se v současné době jeví transplantace do velkého omenta, která již byla na několika pracovištích klinicky použita.
Pancreatic islets transplantation is an established treatment method for type 1 diabetic patients with the hypoglycemia unawareness syndrome in whom a therapy with modern technologies fails. Islet transplantation is most commonly done using an interventional radiology method: a tissue suspension of pancreatic islets is applied into a branch of the portal vein through a percutaneously installed catheter. Although being minimally invasive unlike pancreas organ transplant, this method is associated with many technical difficulties. Possible complications of the procedure include hemorrhage and portal vein thrombosis. Unlike their natural dispersed localization in exocrine pancreas, isolated pancreatic islets are exposed to hypoxia, toxins and immunosuppressive drugs in the liver parenchyma. Direct contact with the recipient’s blood causes an instant blood mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) resulting in the death of more than half of the pancreatic islets shortly after their application. Therefore the size of the islet graft is often insufficient and a number of transplanted patients require administration of exogenous insulin. All of these are reasons for seeking an alternative transplantation site with more hospitable conditions for long-term islet survival. Various transplantation sites have been tested in experimental and clinical research. The advantages and disadvantages of some of them are summarized in this paper. Currently, transplantation into the greater omentum seems most promising, which has already been used in clinical practice at several institutions.
- Klíčová slova
- syndrom porušeného vnímání hypoglykemie,
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 1. typu chirurgie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- omentum MeSH
- transplantace Langerhansových ostrůvků * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Recipient sensitization is a major risk factor of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) and inferior graft survival. The predictive effect of solid-phase human leukocyte antigen antibody testing and flow cytometry crossmatch (FCXM) in the era of peritransplant desensitization remains poorly understood. This observational retrospective single-center study with 108 donor-specific antibody (DSA)-positive deceased donor kidney allograft recipients who had undergone peritransplant desensitization aimed to analyze variables affecting graft outcome. ABMR rates were highest among patients with positive pretransplant FCXM vs. FCXM-negative (76 vs. 18.7%, p < 0.001) and with donor-specific antibody mean fluorescence intensity (DSA MFI) > 5,000 vs. <5,000 (54.5 vs. 28%, p = 0.01) despite desensitization. In univariable Cox regression, FCXM positivity, retransplantation, recipient gender, immunodominant DSA MFI, DSA number, and peak panel reactive antibodies were found to be associated with ABMR occurrence. In multivariable Cox regression adjusted for desensitization treatment (AUC = 0.810), only FCXM positivity (HR = 4.6, p = 0.001) and DSA number (HR = 1.47, p = 0.039) remained significant. In conclusion, our data suggest that pretransplant FCXM and DSA number, but not DSA MFI, are independent predictors of ABMR in patients who received peritransplant desensitization.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Úvod: Anastomotická pseudoaneurysmata (APSA) jsou pozdní komplikací cévních rekonstrukcí. Přesná prevalence APSA není známa, protože mnoho případů není v literatuře publikováno. Ruptura APSA je však spojena s vysokou morbiditou a mortalitou. Metoda: Operační výkon byl proveden v celkové anestezii. Byl proveden řez v levém třísle současně s resekcí nekrotické kůže nad APSA. APSA bylo pečlivě vypreparováno s potvrzením nálezu CT angiografie (CTA) - masivní trombotizované APSA vystupující z distální anastomózy aortofemorálního bypassu (AFB). APSA bylo plně resekováno. AFB byl částečně resekován a za pomoci protetického interpozitu prodloužen. Společná stehenní tepna byla podvázána pod tříselným vazem. Výsledky: Pacient byl propuštěn 7. pooperační den s nízkými parametry zánětu. V současné době máme pa- cienta ve sledování jedenáct měsíců. Pacient má průchodnou cévní rekonstrukci bez známek anastomotického APSA na Dopplerově ultrasonografii. Závěr: Nejčastějším místem výskytu APSA po AFB je femorální oblast. Endovaskulární léčbu lze použít pouze ve velmi vybraných případech s velmi vysokým rizikem komplikací souvisejících s endovaskulárními intervencemi.
Introduction: Anastomotic pseudoaneurysms (APSA) are late complications of vascular reconstructions. The precise prevalence of APSA is not known, as many cases are not published in the literature. However, the rupture of APSA is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Method: The procedure was performed under full anesthesia. An incision was made in the left groin resect- ing the necrotic skin above APSA. APSA was carefully dissected, confirming the CT angiography finding of a massive thrombosed APSA arising from the distal anastomosis of the aorto-femoral bypass (AFB). The APSA was fully resected. An extension of the AFB with the use of prosthetic vascular graft was performed. The common femoral artery was ligated below the inguinal ligament. Necrotic skin from the groin was resected, and the wound was closed with a patent vascular reconstruction. Results: The patient was discharged on the 7th postoperative day with low infection's parameters. Currently we have eleven months of follow-up on the patient. The patient has a patent vascular reconstruction with- out any signs of anastomotic APSA on Doppler's ultrasonography. Conclusion: The most frequent site of APSA occurrence after AFB is the femoral region. Endovascular treat- ment can be used only in very selected cases with a very high risk of complications related to the endovascular devices.
Introduction: A 72-year-old male patient was admitted into our centre with large infected pseudoaneurysm (PSA) in the left groin. The patient underwent a CT angiography (CTA) that confirmed a large partly thrombosed 6.5 × 5.5 cm PSA in the left groin arising from the distal anastomosis of the aortobifemoral bypass (ABF). Furthermore, the CTA revealed 11 cm juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (JAAA) from which the proximal anastomosis of the ABF was arising. Method: Aorto-uni-iliac stent graft Cook was placed from the right groin trough native severely stenotic right iliac arteries with proximal landing zone below the renal arteries, excluding the JAAA and the ABF. The distal landing zone was in the common iliac artery maintaining patent right internal iliac artery. Afterwards, a femoro-femoral crossover bypass from right to left was performed using a fresh arterial allograft. Postprocedurally, the hospital stay was uneventful. The left groin PSA cultures came positive for Staphylococcus epidermidis and Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum, both sensitive to vancomycin and rifampicin. Result: The patient underwent intravenous ATB treatment with vancomycin for two weeks, followed by four weeks of oral rifampicin. The patient was discharged on the 20th postoperative days. Conclusion: Hybrid repair combining aortic stent graft and extra-anatomical bypass in the treatment of infected distal parts of an aortofemoral bypass is an acceptable treatment modality.
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
The study was intended to compare pancreas graft survival rates in two groups of pancreas and kidney transplant recipients prospectively randomized to treatment either with sirolimus or MMF. From 2002 to 2013, 238 type 1 diabetic recipients with end-stage kidney disease were randomized 1:1 to sirolimus or MMF treatment. Noncensored pancreas survival at 5 years was 76.4 and 71.6% for sirolimus and MMF groups, respectively (P > .05). Death-censored pancreas survival was better in the sirolimus group (P = .037). After removal of early graft losses pancreas survival did not differ between groups (MMF 83.1% vs sirolimus 91.6%, P = .11). Nonsignificantly more grafts were lost due to rejection in the MMF group (10 vs 5; P = .19). Cumulative patient 5-year survival was 96% in the MMF group and 91% in the sirolimus group (P > .05). Five-year cumulative noncensored kidney graft survival rates did not statistically differ (85.6% in the sirolimus group and 88.8% in MMF group). Recipients treated with MMF had significantly more episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding (7 vs 0, P = .007). More recipients in the sirolimus group required corrective surgery due to incisional hernias (21 vs 12, P = .019). ClinicalTrials No.: NCT03582878.
- MeSH
- imunosupresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- kyselina mykofenolová terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pankreas MeSH
- přežívání štěpu MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- rejekce štěpu farmakoterapie etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- sirolimus terapeutické užití MeSH
- takrolimus MeSH
- transplantace ledvin * MeSH
- transplantace slinivky břišní * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Introduction: The rate of thawing of cryopreserved human iliac arteries allografts (CHIAA) directly affects the severeness of structural changes that occur during this process. Method: The experiment was performed on ten CHIAA. The 10% dimethylsulphoxide in 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution was used as the cryoprotectant; all CHIAA were cooled at a controlled rate and stored in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen (-194°C). Two thawing protocols were tested: (1) placing the CHIAA in a water bath at 37°C, and (2) the CHIAA were thawed in a controlled environment at 5°C. All samples underwent analysis under a scanning electron microscope. Testing of the mechanical properties of the CHIAA was evaluated on a custom-built single axis strain testing machine. Longitudinal and circumferential samples were prepared from each tested CHIAA. Results: Ultrastructural analysis revealed that all five CHIAA thawed during the thawing protocol 1 which showed significantly more damage to the subendothelial structures when compared to the samples thawed in protocol 2. Mechanical properties: Thawing protocol 1-longitudinal UTS 2, 53 ± 0, 47 MPa at relative strain 1, 27 ± 0, 12 and circumferential UTS 1, 94 ± 0, 27 MPa at relative strain 1, 33 ± 0, 09. Thawing protocol 2-longitudinal ultimate tensile strain (UTS) 2, 42 ± 0, 34 MPa at relative strain 1, 32 ± 0, 09 and circumferential UTS 1, 98 ± 0, 26 MPa at relative strain 1, 29 ± 0, 07. Comparing UTS showed no statistical difference between thawing methods. Conclusion: Despite the significant differences in structural changes of presented thawing protocols, the ultimate tensile strain showed no statistical difference between thawing methods.
- MeSH
- alografty účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- arteria iliaca účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- dimethylsulfoxid farmakologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kryoprezervace metody MeSH
- kryoprotektivní látky farmakologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Kidney paired donation (KPD) is a valuable tool to overcome immunological barriers in living donor transplantation. While small national registries encounter difficulties in finding compatible matches, multi-national KPD may be a useful strategy to facilitate transplantation. The Czech (Prague) and Austrian (Vienna) KPD programs, both initiated in 2011, were merged in 2015. A bi-national algorithm allowed for ABO- and low-level HLA antibody-incompatible exchanges, including the option of altruistic donor-initiated domino chains. Between 2011 and 2019, 222 recipients and their incompatible donors were registered. Of those, 95.7% (Prague) and 67.9% (Vienna) entered into KPD registries, and 81 patients received a transplant (95% 3-year graft survival). Inclusion of ABO-incompatible pairs in the Czech program contributed to higher KPD transplant rates (42.6% vs. 23.6% in Austria). After 2015 (11 bi-national match runs), the median pool size increased to 18 pairs, yielding 33 transplants (8 via cross-border exchanges). While matching rates doubled in Austria (from 9.1% to 18.8%), rates decreased in the Czech program, partly due to implementation of more stringent HLA antibody thresholds. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of merging small national KPD programs to increase pool sizes and may encourage the implementation of multi-national registries to expand the full potential of KPD.
- MeSH
- ledviny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- transplantace ledvin * MeSH
- žijící dárci MeSH
- získávání tkání a orgánů * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Rakousko MeSH
