Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic elements which encode toxin proteins that interfere with vital cellular functions. PepA1 and PepG1 toxin proteins, known also as SprA1 and SprG1, are type I TA. In Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), their expression without the antitoxin counterparts (SprA1AS and SprF1), is lethal to the pathogen. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation was performed for PepA1 and PepG1 to understand their dynamic state, conformational changes, and their toxicity. The protein structures were constructed and used for MD simulation and the conformational changes, stability, flexibility, fluctuations, hydrophobicity, and role of their dynamic state on function prediction were studied extensively by GROMACS MD simulation analysis tools. In silico study indicated that the PepA1 and PepG1 proteins change their structural conformation from an open to closed state where PepA1 conformational changes were faster (10 ns) than PepG1 (20 ns) while PepG1 exerted more stability and flexibility than PepA1. According to SASA values, PepG1 is more hydrophobic than the PepA1 and forms fewer hydrogen bonds than PepA1. The in vivo study with PepA1 and PepG1 proteins provided evidence that both the conformation changes between the open and closed states and the amino acid sequence are crucial for peptide toxicity.
Sustainable Last-Mile Delivery (LMD) is one of the key phases in city logistics. Micro-hubs in cities are new emerging solutions for an easier and viable last-mile delivery process. The important question in smart and modern cities is the determination of the best micro-hub location for the LMD. This paper solves the micro-hub location selection for sustainable LMD using the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. The main reason for solving the micro-hub location selection is to make the last-mile delivery process in Pardubice as easier and effortless as possible. The Best-Worst Method (BWM), Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) method, and Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) method are coupled to solve the micro-hub location selection for sustainable LMD. First, five criteria and alternatives are identified and discussed with the experts. Second, the hybrid criteria importance is determined by combining the BWM and CRITIC methods. Third, the obtained hybrid weights are integrated within the WASPAS method to rank the micro-hub locations. The findings of the Hybrid BWM-CRITIC-WASPAS model show the Alternative 2 ("Hůrka") as the best possible location for Pardubice in the context of the LMD. In addition, a comparative analysis with some of the existing MCDM approaches is conducted for the same problem and its results show a high level of matching with the applied hybrid BWM-CRITIC-WASPAS method, which means that Alternative 2 ("Hůrka") is strongly recommended as a micro-hub location for sustainable LMD in Pardubice.
- MeSH
- hmotnostní přírůstek * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- velkoměsta MeSH
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to optimize routine non-invasive prenatal detection of fetal RHD gene from plasma of RhD-negative pregnant women (the median of gestational age was 25 weeks, range 10-38) to detect RhD materno-fetal incompatibility and to avoid the redundant immunoprophylaxis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Initially only one exon of RHD gene (exon 10) was investigated in 281 plasma samples (144 verified after delivery), in the second phase three RHD exons (5, 7, 10) were analyzed in 246 samples of plasma and maternal genomic DNA (204 verified) by real-time PCR method. Detection of Y-chromosomal sequence DYS-14 and five X-chromosomal insertion/deletion polymorphisms was used to confirm the fetal cfDNA detectability in plasma. Specific polymorphisms in RHD gene were detected by sequence-specific primer PCR in nine samples. RESULTS: When only the RHD exon 10 was tested, 2·8% of verified samples were false positive and 3·5% false negative. With three RHD exons (5, 7, 10) and maternal genomic DNA testing, only one case was false negative (0·5%). Nine samples were inconclusive due to RHD-positive results in maternal genomic DNA. These samples were analyzed for specific mutations in RHD gene. Combination of both methods for fetal cfDNA verification succeeded in 75% of tested group. CONCLUSION: Implementation of analysis of three RHD exons and maternal genomic DNA to routine practice lowers dramatically the ratio of false positive and negative results. This method enables more accurate determination of fetal RHD status with the reduction of unnecessary medical care and RhD immunoprophylaxis.
- MeSH
- DNA MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- krevní skupiny - systém Rh-Hr * genetika MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plod MeSH
- prenatální diagnóza * MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Vga(A) protein variants confer different levels of resistance to lincosamides, streptogramin A, and pleuromutilins (LSAP) by displacing antibiotics from the ribosome. Here, we show that expression of vga(A) variants from Staphylococcus haemolyticus is regulated by cis-regulatory RNA in response to the LSAP antibiotics by the mechanism of ribosome-mediated attenuation. The specificity of induction depends on Vga(A)-mediated resistance rather than on the sequence of the riboregulator. Fine tuning between Vga(A) activity and its expression in response to the antibiotics may contribute to the selection of more potent Vga(A) variants because newly acquired mutation can be immediately phenotypically manifested.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- asymptomatické infekce MeSH
- bakteriurie diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- infekce močového ústrojí * diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- infekční komplikace v těhotenství * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pyelonefritida diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Článek shrnuje českou a zahraniční literaturu týkající se reintegrace a resocializace pachatelů do společnosti. Článek se zaměřil na definování resocializace a na faktory, jež jsou v literatuře zmiňovány.
In this article, factors concerning reintegration and resocialization of offenders into society are summarized. The article defines socialization and resocialization and further concentrates on studies, which define different clasifications of risk and protective factors of reintegration. In the end, the article concentrates on different concepts pertaining to reintegration and resocialization.
Nedostatečná saturace organizmu železem a následná anémie se může projevit zejména v těhotenství. Dle výsledků některých studií nemá více jak 50 % žen dostatečný přísun železa a anémií z nedostatku železa může trpět asi 15 % žen. U netěhotných k tomu přispívají ztráty krve při menstruaci, v těhotenství jsou potom nároky na potřebu železa zvý- šeny. Klinické důsledky anémie z nedostatku železa mohou vést k předčasnému porodu, perinatální úmrtnosti a poporodním depresím. K důsledkům na straně plodu a novorozence patří nízká porodní hmotnost a horší duševní a psychomotorická výkonnost. K úpravě deficitu železa obvykle dostačují perorální preparáty. Léčba by měla být zahájena při poklesu feritinu < 12 µg/l a saturaci transferinu < 20 %. Délka suplementace je individuální, ale obvykle trvá týdny, někdy i několik měsíců. Ženy, které denně užívají suplementaci železa v těhotenství, mají 1. nižší riziko anémie v době porodu, 2. vyšší hladiny hemoglobinu jak v době porodu, tak po šestinedělí. Ty, které užívaly vyšší dávky, měly vyšší hladiny Hb. 3. mají vyšší pravděpodobnost zvýšených hladin Hb ve druhém a třetím trimestru těhotenství. 4. mají o něco nižší riziko porodu dítěte s nízkou porodní hmotnostní a porodu před 37. týdnem těhotenství. 5. mají nižší riziko před- časného porodu před 34. týdnem těhotenství.
Insufficient saturation of the organism with iron, and subsequent anemia can occur in particular during pregnancy. According to the results of some trials more than 50% of women have inadequate supply of iron and iron deficiency anemia may have about 15% of women. In non-pregnant women higher blood loss during menstruation decreases iron supply. The clinical consequences of iron deficiency anemia can lead to premature birth, perinatal and postpartum depression. The consequences for the fetus and neonate include low birth weight and poorer mental and psychomotor performance. Oral medication is usually sufficient treat the iron deficiency. Treatment should be initiated at the drop of ferritin < 12 mg/l and transferrin saturation < 20%. The length of supplementation is individual, but it usually takes weeks, sometimes months. Women who are taking daily iron supplementation during pregnancy have 1. lower risk of anemia during birth, 2. higher hemoglobin levels as during deliver and postpartum period. Those who took the higher dose, had higher levels of Hb. 3. have a higher probability of elevated levels of Hb in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. 4. have a slightly lower risk of delivering a baby with low birth weight and birth before 37. weeks. 5. have a lower risk of preterm birth before 34. weeks of pregnancy
- MeSH
- anemie z nedostatku železa * diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- anemie diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- deficit železa MeSH
- fyziologie výživy v těhotenství MeSH
- komplikace těhotenství metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předčasný porod prevence a kontrola MeSH
- těhotenství * metabolismus MeSH
- železo * aplikace a dávkování metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství * metabolismus MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
