Drug addiction is commonly associated with depression and comorbid patients also suffer from higher cravings and increased relapse rate. To address this issue preclinically we combined the olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) model of depression and intravenous methamphetamine self-administration procedure in rats to assess differences in relapse-like behavior. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into two groups; in one group the bilateral olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) was performed while the other group was sham operated. After recovery, intracardiac catheter was implanted. Intravenous self-administration procedure was conducted in operant boxes using nose-poke operandi (Coulbourn Instruments, Inc., USA) under fixed ratio 1 schedule of reinforcement. Methamphetamine was available at dose 0.08 mg/kg/infusion. After stable methamphetamine intake was maintained, a period of forced abstinence was initiated and rats were kept in their home-cages for 14 days. Finally, one reinstatement session was conducted in operant boxes with no drug delivery. In the reinstatement session the mean of 138.4 active nose-pokes was performed by the OBX group, while the sham group displayed 41 responses, i.e. 140 % and 48 % of basal nose-poking during maintenance phase in OBX and sham operated group respectively. OBX group also showed significantly more passive nose-pokes indicating hyperactive behavioral traits in bulbectomized rats. However, the % of active operandum preference was equal in both groups. Olfactory bulbectomy model significantly increased reinstatement of methamphetamine seeking behavior. This paradigm can be used to evaluate potential drugs that are able to suppress the drug-seeking behavior.

• MeSH
• Self Administration MeSH
• Olfactory Bulb physiopathology   surgery   MeSH
• Drug-Seeking Behavior physiology   MeSH
• Depressive Disorder complications   physiopathology   MeSH
• Administration, Intravenous MeSH
• Methamphetamine administration & dosage   MeSH
• Disease Models, Animal MeSH
• Random Allocation MeSH
• Conditioning, Operant drug effects   physiology   MeSH
• Amphetamine-Related Disorders complications   physiopathology   MeSH
• Rats, Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• Recurrence MeSH
• Central Nervous System Stimulants administration & dosage   MeSH
• Catheters, Indwelling MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Validation Study MeSH

V České republice je od roku 2007 pozorován zřetelný nárůst problémového užívání metamfetaminu (pervitinu), které je spojeno s významnými negativními psychickými důsledky. Uživatelé metamfetaminu tvoří cca 70 % pacientů v léčbě závislosti na nelegálních drogách. U velké části z nich se objevují další psychiatrické poruchy, které předcházely užívání drog, přípádně byly užíváním drog vyvolané (jedná se zejména o psychotické stavy, depresivní a úzkostné poruchy, poruchy osobnosti, ADHD, v menší míře poruchy příjmu potravy). Psychiatrická komorbidita u uživatelů metamfetaminu je významným tématem v práci se závislými a v jejich léčbě, přičemž v CR jsou k dispozici pouze dílčí studie a informace z klinické praxe. Tato přehledová práce shrnuje poznatky týkající se psychiatrické komorbidity u uživatelů metamfetaminu v ČR i v zahraničí.

Since 2007 the Czech Republic has witnessed a significant increase in the problem use of methamphetamine {known locally as '"pervitin"), which is associated with major harm to mental health. Methamphetamine users account for approximately 70% of the patients in treatment for addiction to illegal drugs. A great proportion of them show additional psychiatric disorders which preceded or were induced by drug use (they include psychotic conditions, depressive and anxiety disorders, personality disorders, ADHD, and eating disorders). While psychiatric comorbidity in methamphetamine users is a major issue which addiction treatment needs to address, relevant evidence and information from clinical practice have been scarce in the Czech Republic. This review summarises both national and international findings concerning psychiatric comorbidity in methamphetamine users.

• MeSH
• Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Cognition Disorders epidemiology   chemically induced   MeSH
• Comorbidity MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Methamphetamine adverse effects   MeSH
• Mood Disorders epidemiology   MeSH
• Personality Disorders epidemiology   MeSH
• Amphetamine-Related Disorders * epidemiology   complications   MeSH
• Psychotic Disorders epidemiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH

• MeSH
• Anti-Anxiety Agents adverse effects   MeSH
• Benzodiazepines adverse effects   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Epidemiologic Studies MeSH
• Hypnotics and Sedatives adverse effects   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Methamphetamine adverse effects   MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Amphetamine-Related Disorders diagnosis   epidemiology   etiology   complications   psychology   MeSH
• Substance-Related Disorders * diagnosis   epidemiology   etiology   complications   psychology   MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Sex Factors MeSH
• Drug Users psychology   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Age Factors MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH
• Geographicals
• Japan MeSH

BACKGROUND: Methamphetamine is a neurotoxic agent. Its chronic abuse may result in cognitive impairment with negative consequences for patients' treatment and rehabilitation. The aim of the study was to compare Wisconsin Card Sorting Test profiles of Czech subjects dependent on methamphetamine with healthy individuals. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-three hospitalized Czech Caucasian patients including twenty-seven men at the average age of 25.3±5.2 years dependent on methamphetamine for 6.2±3.3 years were assessed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. We used the same neurocognitive test for the comparison group of healthy controls with the same ethnicity (N=52, men N=28, average age of 38.7±12.1 years). We applied the Chi-Square Test, Two-Sample T Test, Mann-Whitney U Test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test to compare methamphetamine dependent patients with healthy volunteers. RESULTS: All recorded Wisconsin Card Sorting Test parameters were significantly different in the group of methamphetamine dependent patients versus healthy volunteers (P=0.04-0.006; Mann-Whitney U Test, Two-Sample T Test). The results showed a higher error rate and a smaller achievement quality in the patients as against healthy subjects. We ascertained a significant cognitive deterioration in the patients as compared to healthy volunteers even if the average patients' achievements were in the normal range according to the test norms. CONCLUSIONS: A cognitive impairment was present in the group of patients as compared to healthy controls. Better understanding of neurocognitive symptoms in methamphetamine dependent subjects should help to generate modern therapeutic approaches, both pharmacological and psychosocial, to prevent or attenuate the long-term negative consequences of methamphetamine use disorders.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Cognition Disorders chemically induced   complications   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Methamphetamine adverse effects   MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Neuropsychological Tests MeSH
• Amphetamine-Related Disorders complications   psychology   MeSH
• Central Nervous System Stimulants adverse effects   MeSH
• Case-Control Studies MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH