Working memory (WM) is essential for the temporary storage and processing of information required for complex cognitive tasks and relies on neuronal theta and gamma oscillations. Given the limited capacity of WM, researchers have investigated various methods to improve it, including transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), which modulates brain activity at specific frequencies. One particularly promising approach is theta-gamma peak-coupled-tACS (TGCp-tACS), which simulates the natural interaction between theta and gamma oscillations that occurs during cognitive control in the brain. The aim of this study was to improve WM in healthy young adults with TGCp-tACS, focusing on both behavioral and neurophysiological outcomes. Thirty-one participants completed five WM tasks under both sham and verum stimulation conditions. Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings before and after stimulation showed that TGCp-tACS increased power spectral density (PSD) in the high-gamma region at the stimulation site, while PSD decreased in the theta and delta regions throughout the cortex. From a behavioral perspective, although no significant changes were observed in most tasks, there was a significant improvement in accuracy in the 14-item Sternberg task, indicating an improvement in phonological WM. In conclusion, TGCp-tACS has the potential to promote and improve the phonological component of WM. To fully realize the cognitive benefits, further research is needed to refine the stimulation parameters and account for individual differences, such as baseline cognitive status and hormonal factors.

• MeSH
• chování fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektrická stimulace MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• gama rytmus EEG fyziologie   MeSH
• krátkodobá paměť * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• přímá transkraniální stimulace mozku * metody   MeSH
• theta rytmus EEG fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• bezpečnost MeSH
• chování fyziologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• duševní poruchy farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• komunikace MeSH
• konflikt (psychologie) MeSH
• krizová intervence MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• násilí * prevence a kontrola   psychologie   MeSH
• nebezpečné chování * MeSH
• neverbální komunikace MeSH
• psychotropní léky aplikace a dávkování   klasifikace   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• vyjednávání metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Automated behavioral state classification in intracranial EEG (iEEG) recordings may be beneficial for iEEG interpretation and quantifying sleep patterns to enable behavioral state dependent neuromodulation therapy in next generation implantable brain stimulation devices. Here, we introduce a fully automated unsupervised framework to differentiate between awake (AW), sleep (N2), and slow wave sleep (N3) using intracranial EEG (iEEG) only and validated with expert scored polysomnography. APPROACH: Data from eight patients undergoing evaluation for epilepsy surgery (age [Formula: see text], three female) with intracranial depth electrodes for iEEG monitoring were included. Spectral power features (0.1-235 Hz) spanning several frequency bands from a single electrode were used to classify behavioral states of patients into AW, N2, and N3. MAIN RESULTS: Overall, classification accuracy of 94%, with 94% sensitivity and 93% specificity across eight subjects using multiple spectral power features from a single electrode was achieved. Classification performance of N3 sleep was significantly better (95%, sensitivity 95%, specificity 93%) than that of the N2 sleep phase (87%, sensitivity 78%, specificity 96%). SIGNIFICANCE: Automated, unsupervised, and robust classification of behavioral states based on iEEG data is possible, and it is feasible to incorporate these algorithms into future implantable devices with limited computational power, memory, and number of electrodes for brain monitoring and stimulation.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• bdění fyziologie   MeSH
• chování fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektrokortikografie metody   MeSH
• epilepsie chirurgie   MeSH
• hluboká mozková stimulace MeSH
• implantované elektrody MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polysomnografie MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• spánek pomalých vln fyziologie   MeSH
• stadia spánku fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

Goal-directed behavior has been shown to be affected by consciously and subliminally induced conflicts. Both types of conflict conjointly modulate behavioral performance, but the underlying neuronal mechanisms have remained unclear. While cognitive control is linked to oscillations in the theta frequency band, there are several mechanisms via which theta oscillations may enable cognitive control: via the coordination and synchronization of a large and complex neuronal network and/or via local processes within the medial frontal cortex. We, therefore, investigated this issue with a focus on theta oscillations and the underlying neuronal networks. For this purpose, n = 40 healthy young participants performed a conflict paradigm that combines conscious and subliminal distractors while an EEG was recorded. The data show that separate processes modulate the theta-based activation and organization of cognitive control networks: EEG beamforming analyses showed that variations in theta band power generated in the supplementary motor area reflected the need for control and task-relevant goal shielding, as both conflicts as well as their conjoint effect on behavior increased theta power. Yet, large networks were not modulated by this and graph theoretical analyses of the efficiency (i.e. small worldness) of theta-driven networks did not reflect the need for control. Instead, theta network efficiency was decreased by subliminal conflicts only. This dissociation suggests that while both kinds of conflict require control and goal shielding, which are induced by an increase in theta band power and modulate processes in the medial frontal cortex, only non-conscious conflicts diminish the efficiency of theta-driven large-scale networks.

• MeSH
• čelní lalok fyziologie   MeSH
• chování fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie metody   MeSH
• exekutivní funkce fyziologie   MeSH
• kognice fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nervová síť fyziologie   MeSH
• psychomotorický výkon fyziologie   MeSH
• reakční čas fyziologie   MeSH
• theta rytmus EEG fyziologie   MeSH
• vědomí fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• behaviorální lékařství MeSH
• chování * fyziologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• periodika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Psychologie
• NLK Obory
• behaviorální vědy
• psychologie, klinická psychologie

• MeSH
• autistická porucha etiologie   mikrobiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• chování fyziologie   MeSH
• depresivní poruchy patofyziologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• fyziologický stres fyziologie   MeSH
• gastrointestinální trakt fyziologie   inervace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiota * fyziologie   MeSH
• mozek * fyziologie   patofyziologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• nervus vagus fyziologie   imunologie   MeSH
• prebiotika MeSH
• probiotika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• psychický stres patofyziologie   MeSH
• střeva * fyziologie   inervace   mikrobiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• střevní nervový systém fyziologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Epilepsy is both a disease of the brain and the mind. Brain diseases, structural and/or functional, underlie the appearance of epilepsy, but the notion of epilepsy is larger and cannot be reduced exclusively to the brain. We can therefore look at epilepsy from two angles. The first perspective is intrinsic: the etiology and pathophysiology, problems of therapy, impact on the brain networks, and the "mind" aspects of brain functions - cognitive, emotional, and affective. The second perspective is extrinsic: the social interactions of the person with epilepsy, the influence of the surrounding environment, and the influences of epilepsy on society. All these aspects reaching far beyond the pure biological nature of epilepsy have been the topics of two International Congresses of Epilepsy, Brain, and Mind that were held in Prague, Czech Republic, in 2010 and 2012 (the third Congress will be held in Brno, Czech Republic on April 3-5, 2014; www.epilepsy-brain-mind2014.eu). Here, we present the first of two papers with extended summaries of selected presentations of the 2012 Congress that focused on epilepsy, behavior, and art.

• MeSH
• chování fyziologie   MeSH
• dějiny 16. století MeSH
• dějiny 17. století MeSH
• dějiny 18. století MeSH
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• duševní poruchy komplikace   dějiny   MeSH
• epilepsie * dějiny   patologie   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozek patofyziologie   MeSH
• umění * dějiny   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 16. století MeSH
• dějiny 17. století MeSH
• dějiny 18. století MeSH
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• chování fyziologie   MeSH
• etologie MeSH
• Nobelova cena MeSH
• ryby fyziologie   MeSH
• včely fyziologie   MeSH
• zoologie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• biografie MeSH
• historické články MeSH

• O autorovi
• Frisch, Karl von, 1886-1982 Autorita

• Klíčová slova
• teorie motivace, multidisciplinarita,
• MeSH
• behaviorální výzkum metody   trendy   MeSH
• chování * fyziologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• etologie dějiny   MeSH
• fyziologie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motivace * MeSH
• psychologická teorie MeSH
• psychologické jevy a procesy MeSH
• psychologie dějiny   metody   MeSH
• sebepojetí MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• historické články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) patients are deficient in time estimation. This deficit improves after dopamine (DA) treatment and it has been associated with decreased internal timekeeper speed, disruption of executive function and memory retrieval dysfunction. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS: The aim of the present study was to explore the neurophysiologic correlates of this deficit. We performed functional magnetic resonance imaging on twelve PD patients while they were performing a time reproduction task (TRT). The TRT consisted of an encoding phase (during which visual stimuli of durations from 5 s to 16.6 s, varied at 8 levels were presented) and a reproduction phase (during which interval durations were reproduced by a button pressing). Patients were scanned twice, once while on their DA medication (ON condition) and once after medication withdrawal (OFF condition). Differences in Blood-Oxygenation-Level-Dependent (BOLD) signal in ON and OFF conditions were evaluated. The time course of activation in the brain areas with different BOLD signal was plotted. There were no significant differences in the behavioral results, but a trend toward overestimation of intervals ≤11.9 s and underestimation of intervals ≥14.1 s in the OFF condition (p<0.088). During the reproduction phase, higher activation in the precuneus was found in the ON condition (p<0.05 corrected). Time course was plotted separately for long (≥14.1 s) and short (≤11.9 s) intervals. Results showed that there was a significant difference only in long intervals, when activity gradually decreased in the OFF, but remained stable in the ON condition. This difference in precuneus activation was not found during random button presses in a control task. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results show that differences in precuneus activation during retrieval of a remembered duration may underlie some aspects of time perception deficit in PD patients. We suggest that DA medication may allow compensatory activation in the precuneus, which results in a more accurate retrieval of remembered interval duration.

• MeSH
• chování fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   MeSH
• mapování mozku metody   MeSH
• paměť MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc patofyziologie   psychologie   radiografie   MeSH
• psychomotorický výkon fyziologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spotřeba kyslíku fyziologie   MeSH
• temenní lalok krevní zásobení   patofyziologie   radiografie   MeSH
• vnímání času fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH