Spike proteins on the surface of human corona viruses is important to enhance it's competency to get transmit into other healthy population. Because of it's specific spike protein, the virus got its name corona in 1960s. Afterward, it was renamed as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012. It was mortal for old population, new born babies and immune-compromised individuals, who didn't have sufficient immunity or defense system. On February 11, 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) gave the names of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2. A characteristic of nCoV-19, which is a cause of COVID-19, was identified as major cause of pneumonia. However, the healthcare professionals worked hard to to stop it's outbreak and transmission all over the world. But, there was no medicines that have been cleared by the FDA to treat COVID-19 successfully. So, the goal of this study is to look at the scientific data that is already available about clinical care and therapy of this disease. Some of the sources that were checked for this study were BioRxiv, medRxiv, Google Scholar, Embase, PsychINFO, WanFang Data, and PubMed. A lot of work went into finding out what medicines could be used to avoid and treat COVID-19 illnesses. Remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and immunosuppressant drugs have all been shown to help to fight the virus. Until a treatment for the COVID-19 virus is found, it is best to stay away from other people and follow strict hygiene. Most medicinal treatments still have a lot of unknown effects, and different medicines and vaccines are being trialed and tested succefully to stop prevelance, transmission and develop the symptoms.

• MeSH
• Antiviral Agents pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevention & control   virology   MeSH
• Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus pharmacology   drug effects   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Viral Structures virology   MeSH
• Viral Vaccines * pharmacology   classification   MeSH
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus drug effects   ultrastructure   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

We recently reported on a successful vaccine for carp against SVCV based on the intramuscular injection of a DNA plasmid encoding the SVCV glycoprotein (SVCV-G). This shows that the intramuscular (i.m.) route of vaccination is suitable to trigger protective responses against SVCV, and that the SVCV G-protein is a suitable vaccine antigen. Yet, despite the general success of DNA vaccines, especially against fish rhabdoviruses, their practical implementation still faces legislative as well as consumer's acceptance concerns. Furthermore, the i.m. route of plasmid administration is not easily combined with most of the current vaccination regimes largely based on intraperitoneal or immersion vaccination. For this reason, in the current study we evaluated possible alternatives to a DNA-based i.m. injectable vaccine using the SVCV-G protein as the vaccine antigen. To this end, we tested two parallel approaches: the first based on the optimization of an alginate encapsulation method for oral delivery of DNA and protein antigens; the second based on the baculovirus recombinant expression of transmembrane SVCV-G protein in insect cells, administered as whole-cell subunit vaccine through the oral and injection route. In addition, in the case of the oral DNA vaccine, we also investigated the potential benefits of the mucosal adjuvants Escherichia coli lymphotoxin subunit B (LTB). Despite the use of various vaccine types, doses, regimes, and administration routes, no protection was observed, contrary to the full protection obtained with our reference i.m. DNA vaccine. The limited protection observed under the various conditions used in this study, the nature of the host, of the pathogen, the type of vaccine and encapsulation method, will therefore be discussed in details to provide an outlook for future vaccination strategies against SVCV.

• MeSH
• Vaccines, DNA administration & dosage   classification   pharmacology   MeSH
• Rhabdoviridae Infections immunology   prevention & control   veterinary   virology   MeSH
• Carps * MeSH
• Fish Diseases immunology   prevention & control   virology   MeSH
• Rhabdoviridae immunology   MeSH
• Sf9 Cells MeSH
• Spodoptera MeSH
• Vaccines, Subunit administration & dosage   classification   pharmacology   MeSH
• Vaccination veterinary   MeSH
• Viral Vaccines administration & dosage   classification   pharmacology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Imunologické postupy se čím dále silněji uplatňují v profylaxi a léčbě nádorů. Jednou ze strategií, které jsou prověřovány, je užití vakcín zaměřených proti nádorově specifickým antigenům či onkogenním virům. Jsou dvojího typu, profylaktické a terapeutické. Největšího dosavadního úspěchu bylo dosaženo při vývoji a širokém uplatnění profylaktických očkovacích látek proti nádorům, jež jsou virového původu. Terapeutických vakcín, které jsou ve vývoji a jsou testovány v klinických studiích, je několik druhů. Mezi nimi dominují vakcíny na bázi peptidů, nukleových kyselin, dendritických buněk, rekombinantních virů a usmrcených, geneticky upravených nádorových buněk. Výhody a nevýhody každého z uváděných přístupů jsou krátce diskutovány. Cílem probíhajícího výzkumu je nalezení nejvhodnějšího způsobu jejich použití.

Immunological approaches are playing an increasing role in the prophylaxis and therapy of malignant tumors. One of the strategies which are under investigation aims at the development of vaccines directed against tumor-specific antigens or oncogenic viruses. There are two types of anticancer vaccines: prophylactic and therapeutic. Thus far the most significant success has been achieved in the prevention of cancers of viral origin. Several kinds of therapeutic vaccines are presently tested in clinical trials. These include vaccines based on peptides, nucleic acids, dendritic cells, recombinant viruses and killed, genetically modified whole cancer cells. Advantages and disadvantages of each of these different prepartions are briefly discussed. It is the aim of the present research to find out the optimal way of their application.

• MeSH
• CTLA-4 Antigen * immunology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Antigens, Neoplasm * classification   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Dendritic Cells immunology   MeSH
• Vaccines, DNA genetics   immunology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Herpesvirus Vaccines therapeutic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Tumor Cells, Cultured immunology   MeSH
• Cancer Vaccines * history   classification   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Recombinant Proteins immunology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Vaccines, Subunit classification   therapeutic use   MeSH
• T-Lymphocytes cytology   immunology   drug effects   MeSH
• Viral Vaccines classification   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH