OBJECTIVE: In recent years new infectious diseases, i.e. emerging or re-emerging diseases, have been coming to the forefront. Currently, microsporidia, considered to be a major cause of emerging and opportunistic infections particularly in immunocompromised individuals, are also included in this group. Therefore, the aim of our study was to map the prevalence of Encephalitozoon intestinalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection in a group of patients and to compare it with the occurrence of specific antigens in immunocompetent people. METHODS: Detection of spores of both pathogens in faecal samples was performed by an immunofluorescence test using species-specific monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: Positivity to E. intestinalis in 91 examined immunosuppressed patients reached 33% (30/91), while only 4.3% (3/70) of the control group samples were found to be positive (relative risk 7.7, p < 0.001). In case of E. bieneusi 14.3% (13/91) of immunocompromised patients were positive, as were 5.7% (4/70) of people from the control group (relative risk 2.5, p = 0.095). CONCLUSION: In case of development of any opportunistic infection, the infection is detected and removed in most cases at an early stage. The incidence of clinically manifested microsporidiosis in patients with immunodeficiency is rare as they are under constant medical supervision. However, we must not forget about opportunistic infections, and in case of any non-specific symptoms it is necessary to exclude or confirm the diagnosis for immediate treatment.
- MeSH
- Encephalitozoon izolace a purifikace MeSH
- encephalitozoonóza diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- Enterocytozoon izolace a purifikace MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- imunokompromitovaný pacient * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrosporidióza diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- oportunní infekce diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- plošný screening * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Microsporidia are ubiquitous, spore-forming, intracellular parasites infecting invertebrates and vertebrates. Some of them are important opportunistic pathogens in humans, including three species of genus Encephalitozoon. Intraspecies genetic variation with a different range of hosts is known in Encephalitozoon cuniculi distinguishing four genotypes. Recently, E. cuniculi is often observed in pet animals, mainly E. cuniculi genotype I in pet rabbits. This study described a fatal encephalitozoonosis in a group of pet rodents Steppe lemmings (Lagurus lagurus). The animals were presented with progressive weight loss, aggression, cannibalism, purulent conjunctivitis and hind limb paresis. Death occurred within 48 h after the onset of clinical signs. The group comprised of 15 animals was affected and died within a period of three months. Post-mortal examination did not show any macroscopic changes. Microsporidial vacuoles with typical spores were found in brain and kidney tissues and E. cuniculi DNA in all tested organs. The internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of rRNA gene showed 100% homology with E. cuniculi genotype III previously identified in dogs, tamarin colonies from zoos, swine, birds and humans. Pet lemmings could represent a new potential source of the infection for their breeders.
- MeSH
- Arvicolinae parazitologie MeSH
- domácí zvířata MeSH
- Encephalitozoon cuniculi klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- encephalitozoonóza diagnóza parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
A brain abscess caused by Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype I together with Streptococcus intermedius occurred in a patient without major immunocompromise and with diabetes. The distinguishing clinical signs were hemiparesis and epilepsy. The microsporidium was observed in the abscess aspirate, and its specific DNA was also detected in stool and urine. The patient was successfully treated with albendazole and mebendazole.
- MeSH
- absces mozku diagnóza mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- DNA fungální chemie genetika MeSH
- Encephalitozoon cuniculi klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- encephalitozoonóza diagnóza mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- epilepsie diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- mozek patologie radiografie MeSH
- paréza diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- Streptococcus intermedius izolace a purifikace MeSH
- streptokokové infekce diagnóza mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Encephalitozoon cuniculi is an obligate intracellular pathogen that has wide host distribution, but primary affects rabbits. This study presents a seroepidemiological study of E. cuniculi infection in 500 pet rabbits from the Czech Republic using ELISA capable of measuring IgM and IgG antibodies. Specific IgM antibodies, reflecting acute, reactivated infection or reinfection, were detected in 32.4% of all rabbits. IgG antibodies indicating chronic infection, were presented in 68.0% of all rabbits. The highest detection rate of IgM (54.4%) and IgG (86.1%) antibodies was ascertained in rabbits with neurological symptoms (n=79, group I). In rabbits with renal disorders (n=47, group II) 36.2% animals were specific IgM and 80.9% IgG positive. Out of 9 rabbits with ocular disorders (group III), 44.4% were positive for anti-E. cuniculi IgM and 77.8% for IgG antibodies. In rabbits with multiple signs (neurological and renal or ocular, n=16, group IV), 43.8% animals were specific IgM and 68.8% IgG positive. Out of 287 rabbits with other disease (group V), 26.5% were positive for anti-E. cuniculi IgM and 64.1% for IgG antibodies. However, the high presence of IgM (24.2%) and IgG (51.6%) antibodies was detected in clinically healthy rabbits (n=62, group VI). Toxoplasma gondii infection should be considered as a differential diagnosis for neurological and ocular disorders in rabbits. Using ELISA, 19.2% from all rabbits were positive for specific anti-T. gondii IgG. The highest seropositivity was detected in group III (44.4%). Simultaneous testing of IgM and IgG specific antibodies give an indication of the infection status. Presence of IgM antibodies is indicative for active infection with requirement to institute proper antimicrosporidial therapy. As active infection was detected in considerably high numbers of rabbits with clinical signs that are not usually associated with E. cuniculi, and even in asymptomatic rabbits, detection of both isotypes of specific antibodies should be a routine part of a health check in rabbits.
- MeSH
- ELISA veterinární MeSH
- Encephalitozoon cuniculi izolace a purifikace MeSH
- encephalitozoonóza diagnóza imunologie mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- hospodářská zvířata imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- imunoglobulin G krev MeSH
- imunoglobulin M krev MeSH
- králíci imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- protilátky bakteriální krev MeSH
- rozdělení chí kvadrát MeSH
- séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii and Encephalitozoon cuniculi are important pathogens with affinity to the central nervous system of many animals. 240 brains of wild carnivores were examined by PCR-based diagnosis. The presence of N. caninum DNA was confirmed in 4.61% (7/152) red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). DNA of T. gondii was found in 4.92% (3/61) martens (Martes sp.) and in 1.32% (2/152) red foxes. DNA of E. cuniculi was determined in 3.28% (2/61) martens and in one examined European otter (Lutra lutra). There were no co-infections found. These results provide the first evidence of E. cuniculi in the European otter, the first report of N. caninum in foxes in the Czech Republic and confirm the presence of T. gondii in wild carnivores in the Czech Republic.
- MeSH
- Carnivora parazitologie MeSH
- divoká zvířata parazitologie MeSH
- DNA fungální analýza MeSH
- Encephalitozoon cuniculi izolace a purifikace MeSH
- encephalitozoonóza diagnóza epidemiologie veterinární MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kokcidióza diagnóza epidemiologie veterinární MeSH
- mozek parazitologie MeSH
- Neospora izolace a purifikace MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce metody veterinární MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- protozoální DNA analýza MeSH
- Toxoplasma izolace a purifikace MeSH
- toxoplazmóza zvířat diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Mikrosporídie sú obligátne intracelulárne parazity eukaryotického typu infikujúce množstvo bezstavovcovaj stavovcov, vrátane človeka. V humánnej populácii majú charakter oportúnnych mikroorganizmov,najmä u pacientov s rôznym stupňom imunodeficiencie. Na prítomnosť špecifickýchanti-mikrosporídiových (anti-Encephalitozoon intestinalis) protilátok bolo vyšetrených sérologickoumetódou ELISA 318 krvných sér ľudí rozdelených do 2 skupín. Prvú skupinu tvorilo 120pacientov so sekundárnou imunodeficienciou, v druhej skupine bolo na porovnanie vyšetrených198 imunokompetentných ľudí. Špecifické anti-E. intestinalis protilátky boli zistené u 29 zo 120pacientov so sekundárnou imunodeficienciou (24,16 %), a u 20 zo 198 imunokompetentných ľudí(10,1 %).
Mikrosporídie sú obligátne intracelulárne parazity eukaryotického typu infikujúce množstvo bezstavovcovaj stavovcov, vrátane človeka. V humánnej populácii majú charakter oportúnnych mikroorganizmov,najmä u pacientov s rôznym stupňom imunodeficiencie. Na prítomnosť špecifickýchanti-mikrosporídiových (anti-Encephalitozoon intestinalis) protilátok bolo vyšetrených sérologickoumetódou ELISA 318 krvných sér ľudí rozdelených do 2 skupín. Prvú skupinu tvorilo 120pacientov so sekundárnou imunodeficienciou, v druhej skupine bolo na porovnanie vyšetrených198 imunokompetentných ľudí. Špecifické anti-E. intestinalis protilátky boli zistené u 29 zo 120pacientov so sekundárnou imunodeficienciou (24,16 %), a u 20 zo 198 imunokompetentných ľudí(10,1 %).
- MeSH
- ELISA metody MeSH
- Encephalitozoon patogenita MeSH
- encephalitozoonóza diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- HIV séropozitivita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- paraziti MeSH
- protilátky krev MeSH
- syndromy imunologické nedostatečnosti diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
