Automatické systémy pro dávkování inzulinu (AID) představují významný pokrok v léčbě diabetu, zejména pro pacienty s diabetem 1. typu (DM1T). Tyto uzavřené hybridní smyčky integrují technologii kontinuální monitorace glukózy (CGM) s léčbou inzulinovou pumpou (CSII). Napodobují fyziologickou funkci slinivky tím, že upravují dávku inzulinu v reakci na hladiny glukózy v reálném čase. Vývoj těchto systémů představuje zásadní milník v péči o diabetes a nabízí naději ke zlepšení kompenzace diabetu, snížení rizika hypoglykemie a zvýšení kvality života pacientů.
Automatic insulin delivery systems represent a significant advancement in the management of diabetes, particularly for individuals with type 1 diabetes. These systems, often referred to as hybrid closed-loop systems, integrate continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology with insulin pump therapy, aiming to imitate the physiological function of the pancreas by adjusting insulin delivery in response to real-time glucose levels. The development of these systems has been a critical milestone in diabetes care, offering the promise of improved glucose control, reduced risk of hypoglycemia, and enhanced quality of life for patients.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) je jedním z výrazně progredujících chronických onemocnění s vysokou celosvětovou prevalencí. Nehledě na typ diabetu je hlavním cílem zdravotnického týmu efektivní kompenzace metabolických abnormalit s cílem zabránit rozvoji pozdních komplikací či zpomalit jejich progresi do stádií výrazně snižujících kvalitu pacientova života. V posledních letech začíná stoupat počet odborných publikací podporujících domněnku, že stabilizace glykemie může mít zdravotní benefity i u zdravých nediabetiků. Tato práce sledovala vliv složení stravy (glykemické nálože) na glykemický profil a subjektivní parametry u mladých zdravých dobrovolníků pomocí kontinuální monitorace glykemie. Dospěli jsme k závěru, že ačkoliv subjektivní dotazníkové hodnocení ukazuje vyšší pocit útlumu po jídle nebo zhoršení dermatologických problémů ve skupině s vyšší glykemickou náloží, objektivní parametry kontinuální glykemické monitorace neukazují žádné významné rozdíly mezi skupinami podle glykemické nálože stravy. Závěrem můžeme předpokládat výraznou kompenzační schopnost regulačních systémů, které udrží glykemii v optimálním rozmezí i při vysoko-glykemické dietě.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the significantly progressive chronic diseases with high global prevalence. Regardless of the type of diabetes, the primary goal of the healthcare team is the effective management of the patient’s condition. In recent years, the number of scientific publications supporting the assertion that glycemic stabilization can have health benefits even for healthy non-diabetics has been increasing. In this study, we monitored the effect of diet composition (glycemic load) on the glycemic profile and subjective parameters in young healthy non-diabetic patients. We considered the significance of continuous monitoring on the health status of the participants. We concluded that while subjective questionnaire assessments show a higher feeling of postprandial lethargy and worsening of dermatological issues in the group with a higher glycemic load, the objective parameters of continuous glucose monitoring do not indicate any significant differences between the groups based on the glycemic load of their diet. In conclusion, we can assume a significant compensatory ability of regulatory systems to maintain glycemia within an optimal range even with a high-glycemic diet.
- MeSH
- dieta s omezením sacharidů MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- krevní glukóza analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- regulace glykemie * MeSH
- sacharidová dieta MeSH
- selfmonitoring glykemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in children and adolescents in Prague, Czech Republic, between January and July 2024, and to compare the findings with data from the preceding period. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of data of paediatric patients at our single tertiary care facility was conducted. Two distinct patient cohorts were subjected to analysis: the first comprising individuals who had been hospitalised between January 2019 and July 2024, and the second consisting of outpatients who had been treated during the periods of January to July 2023 and January to July 2024. RESULTS: A 12.3-fold increase in the number of outpatients diagnosed with MPP was observed between January and July 2024 in comparison to the same period in 2023, with 111 cases reported in 2024 versus 9 cases in 2023. A total of 23 patients were hospitalised with MPP between January 2019 and July 2024, with 15 of these hospitalisations having occurred between January and July 2024. The median age was 12 years, with an age range of 1 to 17 years. The majority of cases presented with a high fever, chest pain, and required oxygen support. A failure of the clarithromycin treatment was observed, resulting in 19.48% of doxycycline prescriptions being issued due to a prior failure of clarithromycin treatment. During the monitoring period, no cases of treatment failure with doxycycline were documented. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates an emerging trend of increased incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in the paediatric population during the initial seven months of 2024 in the Czech Republic. Doxycycline has been demonstrated to be the optimal antibiotic for the treatment of MPP and in accordance with the prevailing practice in other states it should be included in the therapeutic regimen even in children under the age of eight. The authors put forward recommendations for the implementation of measures aimed at reducing the negative impact of MPP on public health.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky * terapeutické užití MeSH
- centra terciární péče MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae MeSH
- mykoplazmová pneumonie * epidemiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Chronic back pain is the most common cause of incapacity for work. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness for activating the function of the deep stabilization system (DSS) in patients with chronic low back pain. METHODS: The effectiveness of three different methods was compared: Pilates method (PM), dynamic neuromuscular stabilization and balance aids on deep stabilization system function and pain perception in the lumbar spine. The group consisted of 75 patients. RESULTS: The results show differences in the effectiveness of the methods depending on the observed characteristics. The least significant differences were observed when comparing the Pilates method to balance aids. No statistically significant difference was observed in four out of five areas. The only area where a statistically significant effect of the exercise method got recorded was the intra-abdominal pressure test (p < 0.05). The lowest change was recorded in the measured values using the intra-abdominal pressure test at PM, and the highest change was recorded in Thomayer's values at dynamic neuromuscular stabilization. CONCLUSION: By comparing the three methods it was noted that each of them has its own positive reaction to the pain and the muscular apparatus. The most appropriate method to affect DSS function appears the dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) concept, where was the most significant improvement in DSS activation and the most significant reduction in chronic low back pain.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lumbalgie * terapie rehabilitace patofyziologie MeSH
- měření bolesti MeSH
- techniky cvičení a pohybu * metody MeSH
- terapie cvičením * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of fatalities in injuries in traffic accidents in Montenegro, identify contributing risk factors, and determine the most vulnerable participants in these accidents. METHODS: The research was designed as a retrospective descriptive study. Participants were people admitted to the Urgent Centre of Clinical Centre of Montenegro due to injuries in traffic accidents that resulted in serious bodily injury or death in the period from 2011-2020. We presented data using descriptive statistics. The square test was used to examine the association between the outcome of traffic injury with sex, age, category of injury, type of traffic participant, and injury localisation. Additionally, we used logistic regression to estimate the best predictor value of these variables for outcome. RESULTS: It was found that 44.7% of injured people died, the most frequent fatal outcome was registered in patients with central nervous system injuries (73.2%), then in patients with asphyxia (47.0%), and patients with bleeding (40.5%), χ2 = 27.530, p < 0.001. The most frequently injured traffic participants were drivers, but the highest number of deceased were among cyclists. Also, logistic regression showed that the category of injury was the most predictive impact on outcome in traffic-injured correspondents (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Among the injured, the highest number are drivers, and the fatal outcome mostly depends on the injury category. Nearly half of those injured in traffic accidents die, especially those with central nervous system injuries and cyclists. Therefore, special attention should be given during public health campaigns related to traffic accident prevention, focusing on this injury and this category of traffic participants.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dopravní nehody * statistika a číselné údaje mortalita MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- rány a poranění * mortalita epidemiologie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Černá Hora MeSH
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the beliefs about third-hand tobacco smoke (THS) among administrative and academic staff at a university. THS is a residual pollutant from tobacco smoke that lingers on surfaces and poses health risks, particularly to children. The study also aimed to understand these beliefs in relation to socio-demographic factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 332 university employees aged 18 and over. Data were collected between September and December 2023 through face-to-face and online questionnaires. The survey included the Beliefs About Third-hand Smoke (BATHS-T) Scale and questions on socio-demographic characteristics, second-hand smoke exposure, and attitudes towards a smoke-free campus. Beliefs About Third-hand Smoke Scale total and sub-dimension scores increase, it is understood that the participant's belief in the negative effects of third-hand tobacco exposure on persistence and health increases. RESULTS: The average age of participants was 36.1 years, with 38.3% being administrative personnel and 61.7% academic personnel. About 40.5% of the participants used tobacco products. The mean total BATHS-T score was 35.6, with health and persistence subscale scores averaging 19.9 and 15.7, respectively. Non-smokers had significantly higher BATHS-T scores than smokers. The participants with children scored higher on the health sub-dimension. Additionally, 78.9% supported a smoke-free campus, and those supporting it had higher BATHS-T scores. Awareness of the harms of second-hand smoke correlated with higher BATHS-T scores. CONCLUSION: The study highlights that non-smokers and those with children are more aware of THS risks. There is strong support for a smoke-free campus among university staff. The findings suggest a need for increased education on THS, especially targeted at smokers and those without children. Universities can play a crucial role in promoting smoke-free environments and raising awareness about the health risks associated with THS.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- univerzity MeSH
- zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe * MeSH
- znečištění tabákovým kouřem * škodlivé účinky statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to analyse the role of conservative treatment and regional differences in 30-day hospital mortality for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients in the Czech Republic. METHODS: Using administrative data from Czech health insurance companies for 2018-2020, we employed a probit model to examine factors influencing mortality across 13 complex cardiovascular centres, calculating average marginal effects to ensure interpretable results. RESULTS: Conservative treatment was associated with a 4.7 percentage point increase in 30-day mortality compared to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) treatment (95% CI: 3.6-5.7). This effect varied significantly across different types of AMI and healthcare providers, with regional variations in mortality ranging from 0 to 4.3 percentage points relative to the best-performing centre. CONCLUSIONS: Higher proportions of conservative treatment significantly contribute to increased 30-day mortality in complex cardiovascular centres. The persistent regional variations after controlling for patient characteristics suggest the need for standardized treatment protocols and improved data collection systems to reduce disparities in outcomes.
- MeSH
- infarkt myokardu * mortalita terapie MeSH
- konzervativní terapie * statistika a číselné údaje mortalita MeSH
- koronární angioplastika statistika a číselné údaje mortalita MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mortalita v nemocnicích * trendy MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate widespread dietary supplements (DSs) use among the military population. There is no recent study to comprehensively evaluate the prevalence of DS use among the military population. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to present an overview and estimate of the overall prevalence of DSs use among the military population. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched up to September 2023 using relevant keywords. All original articles written in English evaluating the prevalence of DSs use among the military population were eligible for this study. The risk of bias assessment of the included studies was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. The meta-analysis was performed utilizing a random-effects model and STATA software. RESULTS: In total, 32 cross-sectional studies were included in this review. The prevalence rate of DS use in the overall military population was 57% (95% CI: 49-64); this rate was higher in the studies that were carried out in the USA and the studies with a sample size lower than 10,000 members. Eleven studies reported adverse effects (AEs) following DSs use in the military population, the pooled effect size of them was 13.0% (95% CI: 6-20). The most common AEs reported by military personnel were abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea, however, they did not include any serious complications. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the prevalence of DSs use among the military personnel was high. Moreover, some studies reported AEs following DSs use such as gastrointestinal symptoms. Promotion of knowledge and informed attitudes regarding the DSs use in the military population could be useful.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to identify potential areas for improvement in the prevention of oral diseases in pregnant women by assessing their oral care habits and awareness regarding oral health. METHODS: An original, anonymous, web-based survey was conducted among women at any stage of pregnancy. The survey consisted of 23 questions regarding oral care habits, knowledge about oral health of mother and child, general and oral health changes, and attendance of oral healthcare services during pregnancy. The data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 27.0 version software. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to analyse the data. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 714 pregnant women participated in the study, with a mean (SD) age of 30.2 (4.4) years. Majority of the respondents demonstrated acceptable oral health-related knowledge and habits. A lack of interdental care among pregnant women was discovered. Nearly a third (27.6%) of the respondents reported a decline in their oral health during pregnancy. The most commonly reported general and oral health issues during pregnancy were increased stomach acid levels (71.3%) and gum bleeding (43.3%). Pregnant women were most frequently informed about the importance of oral care by an obstetrician-gynaecologist (25.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed the need for targeted interventions to enhance oral health awareness and practices among pregnant women in Lithuania. While overall oral hygiene habits were acceptable, deficiencies in interdental care and knowledge regarding oral health during pregnancy were evident. Higher level of education and urban residency were associated with superior oral care practices of pregnant women. In order to improve oral health of mother and child, interdisciplinary collaboration and dissemination of accessible, evidence-based information are essential.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- orální hygiena * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- orální zdraví * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- těhotné ženy * psychologie MeSH
- zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Litva MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Having adequate level of health literacy is a very powerful tool of improving health. "Emerging adulthood" is described as a period between age of 18-25 years, characterized by changing life circumstances, developing personality and exploring possibilities. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between health literacy and socioeconomic status of young adults in Serbia and their individual influence on the reproductive health and sexual behaviour. METHODS: This research was conducted as observational, cross-sectional study. We used STOFHLA to assess the health literacy level of young people and general information questionnaire for demographic, social and economic characteristics of respondents, health knowledge and behaviour in the area of reproductive health. Chi-square test was performed to assess the existence of association between categorical variables using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). RESULTS: Results of our research found significant connection between levels of health literacy and age groups, marital status, but also connection with living in rural place. Socio-demographic factors and health literacy levels had significant impact on various aspects of sexual behaviour and reproductive health knowledge. CONCLUSION: The importance of this research is reflected in its contribution to a clearer understanding of the impact of health literacy and socioeconomic status on the reproductive health of young people in Serbia, with the aim of improving public policies, health interventions and educational programmes, which would contribute to reducing health inequalities, improving health outcomes, and developing targeted educational initiatives.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- reprodukční zdraví * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- sexuální chování * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- společenská třída * MeSH
- zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe MeSH
- zdravotní gramotnost * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Srbsko MeSH
