• MeSH
• Immunosuppressive Agents adverse effects   MeSH
• Immunosuppression Therapy MeSH
• Neoplasms prevention & control   etiology   epidemiology   MeSH
• Organ Transplantation adverse effects   MeSH
• Transplantation Immunology MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• onkologie
• transplantologie

Nádorová onemocnění jsou druhou nejčastější příčinou úmrtí transplantovaných pacientů. Jejich incidence stoupá s dobou od transplantace. Etiologie vzniku nádorového onemocnění je multifaktoriální, kdy se vedle tradičních rizikových faktorů uplatňuje i vliv imunosupresivní léčby a porušený imunitní dohled. K manifestaci nádorového onemocnění může u pacientů po transplantaci dojít v důsledku přenosu od dárce, vznikem de novo či relapsem. Kandidáti transplantace i potencionální dárci musí být pečlivě vyšetřeni k vyloučení aktivního nádorového onemocnění. Akceptace příjemce či dárce s onkologickou anamnézou k transplantaci ledviny je závislá na typu, stadiu a aktuálním restagingu nádorového onemocnění. Léčba nádorového onemocnění po transplantaci ledviny vedle konvenčních terapeutických přístupů zahrnuje i modifikaci imunosupresivní léčby. Součástí potransplantační péče je onkologický screening pacientů vycházející z mezinárodních odborných doporučení (KDIGO - Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) z roku 2009 a národních onkologických doporučení z roku 2023.

Cancer is the second cause of death in kidney transplant recipients. The incidence increases with the post-transplant period. The etiology is multifactorial; in addition to traditional risk factors, the effects of immunosuppressive treatment and impaired immunosurveillance play a decisive role. Posttransplant cancer can occur as a result of transmission from the donor, de novo or as a relapse. Both transplant candidates and donors must be carefully examined to rule out an active cancer. Eligibility of recipients and donors with a history of cancer depends on the cancer type, stage and current restaging. Along with conventional therapeutic approaches, the post-transplant cancer treatment also includes a modification of immunosuppressive treatment. Post-transplant care includes oncology screening based on the general KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) from 2009 and national oncological recommendations from 2023.

• MeSH
• Early Detection of Cancer MeSH
• Tissue Donors MeSH
• Calcineurin Inhibitors adverse effects   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neoplasms etiology   prevention & control   therapy   MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Kidney Transplantation * adverse effects   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

• MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Molecular Biology MeSH
• Skin Neoplasms diagnosis   therapy   MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• dermatovenerologie
• onkologie
• NML Publication type
• kolektivní monografie

• MeSH
• Medical Oncology methods   trends   MeSH
• Pain Management MeSH
• Disease Management MeSH
• Neoplasms diagnosis   epidemiology   etiology   therapy   MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• onkologie
• NML Publication type
• kolektivní monografie

• MeSH
• Neoplasms MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• onkologie
• NML Publication type
• kolektivní monografie

• MeSH
• Medical Oncology statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Cancer Care Facilities statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Oncology Nursing statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Managed Care Programs MeSH
• Publication type
• Monograph MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• onkologie
• statistika, zdravotnická statistika

• MeSH
• Hematologic Neoplasms MeSH
• Hematopoietic Stem Cells MeSH
• Angiogenesis Inhibitors MeSH
• Leukemia MeSH
• Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation MeSH
• Bone Marrow Transplantation MeSH
• Publication type
• Meeting Abstract MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• hematologie a transfuzní lékařství
• onkologie
• transplantologie

BACKGROUND: Empiric antifungal therapy is considered the standard of care for high-risk neutropenic patients with persistent fever. The impact of a preemptive, diagnostic-driven approach based on galactomannan screening and chest computed tomography scan on demand on survival and on the risk of invasive fungal disease (IFD) during the first weeks of high-risk neutropenia is unknown. METHODS: Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients were randomly assigned to receive caspofungin empirically (arm A) or preemptively (arm B), while receiving fluconazole 400 mg daily prophylactically. The primary end point of this noninferiority study was overall survival (OS) 42 days after randomization. RESULTS: Of 556 patients recruited, 549 were eligible: 275 in arm A and 274 in arm B. Eighty percent of the patients had AML or MDS requiring high-dose chemotherapy, and 93% of them were in the first induction phase. At day 42, the OS was not inferior in arm B (96.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 93.8%-98.3%) when compared with arm A (93.1%; 95% CI, 89.3%-95.5%). The rates of IFDs at day 84 were not significantly different, 7.7% (95% CI, 4.5%-10.8%) in arm B vs 6.6% (95% CI, 3.6%-9.5%) in arm A. The rate of patients who received caspofungin was significantly lower in arm B (27%) than in arm A (63%; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The preemptive antifungal strategy was safe for high-risk neutropenic patients given fluconazole as prophylaxis, halving the number of patients receiving antifungals without excess mortality or IFDs. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01288378; EudraCT 2010-020814-27.

• MeSH
• Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute * drug therapy   MeSH
• Antifungal Agents therapeutic use   MeSH
• Fluconazole therapeutic use   MeSH
• Caspofungin therapeutic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Myelodysplastic Syndromes * MeSH
• Mycoses * drug therapy   MeSH
• Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH

Cancer-associated fibroblasts are bioactive elements influencing the biological properties of malignant tumors. Their origin from different cell types has been established, and the possibility of their formation by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition from cancer cells is under debate. This study shows that human cancer cells grafted to nu/nu mice induced formation of tumor stroma with the presence of typical smooth muscle actin-containing cancer-associated fibroblasts. These cells seem to be of the host origin because they are not recognized by an antibody specific for human vimentin, as was also verified in vitro. These results suggest that cancer-associated stromal fibroblasts are not formed by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition from cancer cells.

• MeSH
• Adenocarcinoma metabolism   pathology   MeSH
• Cell Lineage * MeSH
• HT29 Cells MeSH
• Stromal Cells metabolism   pathology   MeSH
• Time Factors MeSH
• Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition * MeSH
• Fibroblasts metabolism   pathology   MeSH
• Heterografts MeSH
• Colorectal Neoplasms metabolism   pathology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mice, Nude MeSH
• Biomarkers, Tumor metabolism   MeSH
• Head and Neck Neoplasms metabolism   pathology   MeSH
• Pharyngeal Neoplasms metabolism   pathology   MeSH
• Carcinoma, Squamous Cell metabolism   pathology   MeSH
• Neoplasm Transplantation MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a valuable non-mammalian vertebrate model widely used to study development and disease, including more recently cancer. The evolutionary conservation of cancer-related programs between human and zebrafish is striking and allows extrapolation of research outcomes obtained in fish back to humans. Zebrafish has gained attention as a robust model for cancer research mainly because of its high fecundity, cost-effective maintenance, dynamic visualization of tumor growth in vivo, and the possibility of chemical screening in large numbers of animals at reasonable costs. Novel approaches in modeling tumor growth, such as using transgene electroporation in adult zebrafish, could improve our knowledge about the spatial and temporal control of cancer formation and progression in vivo. Looking at genetic as well as epigenetic alterations could be important to explain the pathogenesis of a disease as complex as cancer. In this review, we highlight classic genetic and transplantation models of cancer in zebrafish as well as provide new insights on advances in cancer modeling. Recent progress in zebrafish xenotransplantation studies and drug screening has shown that zebrafish is a reliable model to study human cancer and could be suitable for evaluating patient-derived xenograft cell invasiveness. Rapid, large-scale evaluation of in vivo drug responses and kinetics in zebrafish could undoubtedly lead to new applications in personalized medicine and combination therapy. For all of the above-mentioned reasons, zebrafish is approaching a future of being a pre-clinical cancer model, alongside the mouse. However, the mouse will continue to be valuable in the last steps of pre-clinical drug screening, mostly because of the highly conserved mammalian genome and biological processes.

• MeSH
• Zebrafish genetics   MeSH
• Species Specificity MeSH
• Epigenesis, Genetic MeSH
• Animals, Genetically Modified genetics   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Disease Models, Animal MeSH
• Mutation MeSH
• Mice genetics   MeSH
• Biomarkers, Tumor genetics   MeSH
• Cell Line, Tumor MeSH
• Neoplasms genetics   MeSH
• Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic * MeSH
• Whole Genome Sequencing MeSH
• Gene Transfer Techniques MeSH
• Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Mice genetics   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH