Biocompatibility tests and a study of the electrical properties of thin films prepared from six electroactive polymer ink formulations based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were performed. The aim was to find a suitable formulation of PEDOT:PSS and conditions for preparing thin films in order to construct printed bioelectronic devices for biomedical applications. The stability and electrical properties of such films were tested on organic electrochemical transistor (OECT)-based sensor platforms and their biocompatibility was evaluated in assays with 3T3 fibroblasts and murine cardiomyocytes. It was found that the thin films prepared from inks without an additive or any thin film post-treatment provide limited conductivity and stability for use in biomedical applications. These properties were greatly improved by using ethylene glycol and thermal annealing. Addition or post-treatment by ethylene glycol in combination with thermal annealing provided thin films with electrical resistance and a stability sufficient to be used in sensing of animal cell physiology. These films coated with collagen IV showed good biocompatibility in the assay with 3T3 fibroblasts when compared to standard cell culture plastics. Selected films were then used in assays with murine cardiomyocytes. We observed that these cells were able to attach to the PEDOT:PSS films and form an active sensor element. Spontaneously beating clusters were formed, indicating a good physiological status for the cardiomyocyte cells. These results open the door to construction of cheap printed electronic devices for biointerfacing in biomedical applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1121-1128, 2018.

• MeSH
• bicyklické sloučeniny heterocyklické chemie   MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály farmakologie   MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• buňky 3T3 MeSH
• elektrická impedance MeSH
• elektřina * MeSH
• inkoust * MeSH
• myši MeSH
• polymery chemie   MeSH
• polystyreny chemie   MeSH
• testování materiálů * MeSH
• voda chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Conducting polymers (CP), namely polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy), are promising materials applicable for the use as biointerfaces as they intrinsically combine electronic and ionic conductivity. Although a number of works have employed PANI or PPy in the preparation of copolymers, composites, and blends with other polymers, there is no systematic study dealing with the comparison of their fundamental biological properties. The present study, therefore, compares the biocompatibility of PANI and PPy in terms of cytotoxicity (using NIH/3T3 fibroblasts and embryonic stem cells) and embryotoxicity (their impact on erythropoiesis and cardiomyogenesis within embryonic bodies). The novelty of the study lies not only in the fact that embryotoxicity is presented for the first time for both studied polymers, but also in the elimination of inter-laboratory variations within the testing, such variation making the comparison of previously published works difficult. The results clearly show that there is a bigger difference between the biocompatibility of the respective polymers in their salt and base forms than between PANI and PPy as such. PANI and PPy can, therefore, be similarly applied in biomedicine when solely their biological properties are considered. Impurity content detected by mass spectroscopy is presented. These results can change the generally accepted opinion of the scientific community on better biocompatibility of PPy in comparison with PANI.

• MeSH
• aniliny * škodlivé účinky   farmakologie   MeSH
• buňky NIH 3T3 MeSH
• embryoidní tělíska metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• erytropoéza účinky léků   MeSH
• kardiomyocyty metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• myší embryonální kmenové buňky metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• polymery * škodlivé účinky   farmakologie   MeSH
• pyrroly * škodlivé účinky   farmakologie   MeSH
• testování materiálů * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Conducting polymers (CP) can be used as pH- and/or electro-responsive components in various bioapplications, for example, in 4D smart scaffolds. The ability of CP to maintain conductivity under physiological conditions is, therefore, their crucial property. Unfortunately, the conductivity of the CP rapidly decreases in physiological environment, as their conducting salts convert to non-conducting bases. One of the promising solutions how to cope with this shortcoming is the use of alternative "doping" process that is not based on the protonation of CP with acids but on interactions relying in acidic hydrogen bonding. Therefore, the phosphonates (dimethyl phosphonate, diethyl phosphonate, dibutyl phosphonate, or diphenyl phosphonate) were used to re-dope two most common representatives of CP, polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy) bases. As a result, PANI doped with organic phosphonates proved to have significantly better stability of conductivity under different pH. It has also been shown that cytotoxicity of studied materials determined on embryonic stem cells and their embryotoxicity, determined as the impact on cardiomyogenesis and erythropoiesis, depend both on the polymer and phosphonate types used. With the exception of PANI doped with dibutyl phosphonate, all PPy-based phosphonates showed better biocompatibility than the phosphonates based on PANI.

• MeSH
• aniliny chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace účinky léků   MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• elektrická vodivost MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• myší embryonální kmenové buňky MeSH
• myši MeSH
• organofosfonáty chemie   MeSH
• polymery chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• pyrroly chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• viabilita buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Polyaniline (PANI) belongs to a group of conducting polymers that show numerous properties useful in biomedical applications. Although PANI has long been studied in terms of interaction with human tissue, the published studies are mostly focused on composites of polyaniline with other polymers, not allowing for generalization of the obtained results. The present study is focused on the adhesion of human liver cells to a conducting and nonconducting polyaniline films. The ability of human liver cells to attach to both types of the tested surfaces was confirmed. Cell proliferation on the PANI surfaces was monitored in relation to material biocompatibility and to its practical applications. The results showed statistically significant differences in cell proliferation depending on the type of PANI film. The study thus points out the need to test materials in their neat forms, which allow for better generalization of the test results leading to their broader applications.

• MeSH
• biomedicínské technologie MeSH
• buněčná adheze MeSH
• elektrická vodivost MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• hepatocyty MeSH
• hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce MeSH
• polymery chemie   MeSH
• proliferace buněk MeSH

Bio-inspired conductive scaffolds composed of sodium hyaluronate containing a colloidal dispersion of water-miscible polyaniline or polypyrrole particles (concentrations of 0.108, 0.054 and 0.036% w/w) were manufactured. For this purpose, either crosslinking with N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimid or a freeze-thawing process in the presence of poly(vinylalcohol) was used. The scaffolds comprised interconnected pores with prevailing porosity values of ~ 30% and pore sizes enabling the accommodation of cells. A swelling capacity of 92-97% without any sign of disintegration was typical for all samples. The elasticity modulus depended on the composition of the scaffolds, with the highest value of ~ 50 kPa obtained for the sample containing the highest content of polypyrrole particles. The scaffolds did not possess cytotoxicity and allowed cell adhesion and growth on the surface. Using the in vivo-mimicking conditions in a bioreactor, cells were also able to grow into the structure of the scaffolds. The technique of scaffold preparation used here thus overcomes the limitations of conductive polymers (e.g. poor solubility in an aqueous environment, and limited miscibility with other hydrophilic polymer matrices) and moreover leads to the preparation of cytocompatible scaffolds with potentially cell-instructive properties, which may be of advantage in the healing of damaged electro-sensitive tissues.

• MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály chemie   MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová MeSH
• polymery * chemie   MeSH
• poréznost MeSH
• pyrroly chemie   MeSH
• tkáňové inženýrství * metody   MeSH
• tkáňové podpůrné struktury chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Measurement of thermal resistance of polymer sheets and fibrous layers is important in various applications including those within the engineering, ergonomics, clothing design and personal protective equipment fields. Standard methods for measurement of thermal resistance of plain materials are generally time consuming, expensive and often require the sample to be cut. Moreover, the temperature difference between the surfaces of both plates surrounding the sample must be known, as well as the sample thickness. This article describes a new measuring device named the Thermoscope. The Thermoscope is not limited by the aforementioned requirements and is able to evaluate the thermal resistance of polymer sheets and textiles by touching the sample on one surface alone. Simultaneously, the other surface is kept in thermal contact with the supporting base. The accuracy of this device was compared with the Alambeta thermal insulation tester. Effects of various base materials on measurement precision were also studied.

• MeSH
• polymery MeSH
• tepelná vodivost MeSH
• testování materiálů přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• textilie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

A disturbing interaction of PAN membranes and the bradykinin generation system particularly in the presence of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors has been described. A modified new membrane, SPAN (special PAN), was produced by varying the polymer components in type and composition, in particular by a reduction in Na-Methallylsulfonate. Although the SPAN membrane successfully averted the bradykinin generating ability of PAN, it was important to determine whether such a modification did not lead to a loss of the satisfactory biocompatibility profile characteristic of the parent membrane. For this purpose, we conducted the present clinical study in nine patients comparing 3 membranes; (i) a polysulphone membrane (F60S); (ii) PAN; and (iii) SPAN, to examine the clinical biocompatibility profile and performance of the new membrane. A small increase in C5a with F60S and SPAN was found which is in the range expected for highly biocompatible synthetic membranes. The three dialysers had a similar inert profile for terminal complement complex arterial values, and had similar venous values. A minimal nonsignificant decline in white cell count was observed at 15 min for all dialysers, but otherwise WBC counts were unchanged. Platelet counts were unchanged throughout treatment for the three dialysers. Arterial and venous thrombin-anti-thrombin complex values were similar for all three dialysers. F60S and SPAN dialysers had similar urea clearances.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

• MeSH
• beta-2-mikroglobulin metabolismus   MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• chronické selhání ledvin metabolismus   terapie   MeSH
• dialýza ledvin * přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• komplement C5a metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membranolytický komplex metabolismus   MeSH
• membrány umělé * MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• močovina metabolismus   MeSH
• počet leukocytů MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• trombin metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

Novel composite films combining biocompatible polysaccharides with conducting polyaniline (PANI) were prepared via the in-situ polymerization of aniline hydrochloride in the presence of sodium hyaluronate (SH) or chitosan (CH). The composite films possess very good cytocompatibility in terms of adhesion and proliferation of two lines of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). Moreover, the cardiomyogenesis and even formation of beating clusters were successfully induced on the films. The proportion of formed cardiomyocytes demonstrated excellent properties of composites for tissue engineering of stimuli-responsive tissues. The testing also demonstrated antibacterial activity of the films against E. coli and PANI-SH was able to reduce bacterial growth from 2 × 105 to < 1 cfu cm-2. Physicochemical characterization revealed that the presence of polysaccharides did not notably influence conductivities of the composites being ∼1 and ∼2 S cm-1 for PANI-SH and PANI-CH respectively; however, in comparison with neat PANI, it modified their topography making the films smoother with mean surface roughness of 4 (PANI-SH) and 14 nm (PANI-CH). The combination of conductivity, antibacterial activity and mainly cytocompatibility with hiPSC opens wide application potential of these polysaccharide-based composites.

• MeSH
• aniliny chemie   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• buněčná adheze účinky léků   MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• chitosan chemie   MeSH
• elektrická vodivost MeSH
• Escherichia coli účinky léků   MeSH
• indukované pluripotentní kmenové buňky účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nanokompozity chemie   MeSH
• polymerizace MeSH
• povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
• proliferace buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků   MeSH
• tkáňové inženýrství metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The polyaniline (PANI) base was ball-milled with silver nitrate in the solid state. Samples were prepared at various mole ratios of silver nitrate to PANI constitutional units ranging from 0 to 1.5 for three processing times, 0, 5, and 10 min. The emeraldine form of PANI was oxidized to pernigraniline, and the silver nitrate was reduced to metallic silver. Nitric acid is a byproduct, which may protonate the residual emeraldine and pernigraniline. The changes occurring in the structure of PANI are discussed on the basis of Fourier transform IR and Raman spectroscopies. Raman spectra revealed the formation of pernigraniline salt. The reaction between the two nonconducting components, emeraldine base and silver nitrate, produced a mixture of two conducting components, emeraldine or pernigraniline nitrate and metallic silver. The accompanying conductivity changes were determined. The increase in the conductivity of the original base, 10(-9) S cm(-1), up to 10(-2) S cm(-1) was found to depend on the mole ratio of silver nitrate to PANI base and on the processing time of the components in the ball mill.

• MeSH
• aniliny chemie   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• chemické modely MeSH
• dusičnan stříbrný chemie   MeSH
• elektrická vodivost MeSH
• kyslík chemie   MeSH
• organická chemie metody   MeSH
• polymery chemie   MeSH
• Ramanova spektroskopie metody   MeSH
• spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací metody   MeSH
• stříbro chemie   MeSH
• testování materiálů MeSH
• transmisní elektronová mikroskopie metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Introduction: The objective of current project was to formulate a system for controlled delivery of Tramadol HCl (TRD), an opioid analgesic used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Methods: For this purpose, a pH responsive AvT-co-poly hydrogel network was formulated through free radical polymerization by incorporating natural polymers i.e., aloe vera gel and tamarind gum, monomer and crosslinker. Formulated hydrogels were loaded with Tramadol HCl (TRD) and evaluated for percent drug loading, sol-gel fraction, dynamic and equilibrium swelling, morphological characteristics, structural features and in-vitro release of Tramadol HCl. Results and Discussions: Hydrogels were proved to be pH sensitive as remarkable dynamic swelling response ranging within 2.94g/g-10.81g/g was noticed at pH 7.4 as compared to pH 1.2. Percent drug loading was in the range of 70.28%-90.64% for all formulations. Thermal stability and compatibility of hydrogel components were validated by DSC analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. Controlled release pattern of Tramadol HCl from the polymeric network was confirmed as maximum release of 92.22% was observed for over a period of 24 hours at pH 7.4. Moreover, oral toxicity studies were also conducted in rabbits to investigate the safety of hydrogels. No evidence of any toxicity, lesions and degeneration was reported, confirming the biocompatibility and safety of grafted system.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH