Havel, Jakub*
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Olovo je kumulativní jed, který je zvláště nebezpečný pro malé děti. I při nízké úrovni expozice, která byla dříve považována za bezpečnou, poškozuje vývoj mozku a nervového systému, což vede k poruchám chování a snížení inteligence dětí. Hlavním zdrojem expozice olovu je potrava. Pitná voda může představovat významný příspěvek expozice olovu ve starých budovách s původními olověnými rozvody vody. Cílem prezentované práce bylo získat základní informaci o expozici olovu z pitné vody ve vytipovaných školských zařízeních ve starých budovách v Pardubickém kraji a o možném zdravotním riziku pro děti. V letech 2013 a 2014 byly v součinnosti se Zdravotním ústavem vyšetřeny vzorky pitné vody ve 20 školských zařízeních. Vzorky byly odebrány jak ráno po noční stagnaci vody v potrubí, tak náhodně během dne. Zvýšený obsah olova ve srovnání s dodávanou vodou z vodovodu byl zjištěn ve většině zařízení. V téměř polovině zařízení byly nalezeny zvýšené koncentrace olova i ve vzorcích náhodně odebraných během dne při provozu školy a ve 3 zařízeních bylo zjištěno překročení současného hygienického limitu 10 µg/l. Při charakterizaci rizika vývojové neurotoxicity u dětí byla použita Metodika rozdílu expozic (MOE), doporučená EFSA. Výsledkem je konstatování, že i podlimitní obsah olova v pitné vodě ve školském zařízení může představovat sice malé, ale ne úplně zanedbatelné riziko nepříznivého ovlivnění nervového vývoje u dětí. Do péče o zdravé prostředí předškolních a školních zařízení by proto měla patřit i eliminace tohoto potenciálního rizika.
Lead is a cumulative toxicant that is particularly harmful to young children. Even at lower levels of exposure that were previously considered safe, lead damages brain and nervous system development resulting in behavioural changes and decreased intelligence of children. The main source of lead exposure is food. An important contributor to lead exposure may be the tap water in old buildings, having the original lead plumbing. The aim of the present study was to obtain basic information about lead exposure from drinking water in selected educational facilities placed in old buildings in the Pardubice Region as well as the possible health risks for the children. Between 2013 and 2014, in collaboration with the Public Health Institute, samples of drinking water in 20 educational facilities were examined. The samples were taken both in the morning after overnight water stagnation in the pipes and randomly during the day. In most facilities the lead content was increased as compared to water regularly supplied in the mains. In almost half of the monitored facilities increased lead content was detected even in the samples taken during the day. In three facilities the lead content exceeded the current lead content limit 10 µg/l. To characterize the risk of developmental neurotoxicity in children, the methodology "margin of exposure" (MOE), recommended by EFSA, was used. The result is, that even a lower lead content in drinking water of school facilities than the regulatory limit value may pose a small but not entirely negligible risk of neurodevelopmental effects. Care for the healthy environment at preschool and school facilities should therefore also include the elimination of this potential risk.
- Klíčová slova
- vodovodní potrubí ve starých školoních budovách, hodnocení zdravotních rizik (HRA),
- MeSH
- centrální nervový systém metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- Evropská unie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- olovo * izolace a purifikace metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- otrava olovem * diagnóza komplikace metabolismus MeSH
- pitná voda * analýza metabolismus škodlivé účinky MeSH
- poruchy nervového systému vyvolané otravou těžkými kovy diagnóza etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- školy MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma normy MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
- těhotné ženy MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Two-year clinical results of a multicenter prospective randomized study in patients with arthroscopically treated Femoro - acetabular Impingement syndrome and concurrently performed microfracture for grade IV chondral lesions of the acetabulum. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study evaluated a group of 55 patients of the originally enrolled 92 patients with the underlying diagnosis of FAI syndrome with intraoperatively confirmed grade IV acetabular chondropathy of up to 4 cm2 in size, who had undergone a comprehensive hip arthroscopy (correction of structural cam-type and/or pincer-type deformity, labral refixation or partial labral resection etc.) performed by two experienced surgeons. The patients were randomized intraoperatively using a closed envelope method into two groups. In Group 1 (31 patients), microfractures for chondral defects was performed, while in Group 2 the patients underwent a defect debridement procedure only. The studied group included a total of 7 professional and 48 recreational athletes (33 men and 22 women), with the mean age of 34.4 in Group 1 and 31.1 in Group 2. Preoperatively and 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) parameters and VAS score were evaluated and also revision surgeries, conversion to endoprosthesis, and occurrence of complications were recorded. RESULTS Preoperatively, no statistical difference between the two groups was found in the studied parameters (mHHS and VAS). Postoperatively (after 6, 12 and 24 months), in both groups a statistically significant increase in mHHS and VAS score was reported. When comparing the mHHS parameter at individual evaluated times in Group 1 and Group 2, a statistically significant difference was confirmed at 12 and 24 months after surgery (P < 0.001), namely in favour of Group 1. At 6 months postoperatively, no statistically significant difference in this parameter between the two groups was confirmed (P = 0.068). When comparing the VAS score parameter in these two groups at individual times, no statistically significant difference was confirmed at 6 and 12 months after surgery (P= 0.83 / P= 0.39). A statistically significant difference in the VAS score parameter was observed only at 24 months after surgery, namely in favour of Group 1 (P< 0.037). In the course of the follow-up period, altogether 3 patients (2 patients from Group 1) were indicated for revision hip arthroscopy and in 1 female patient an endoprosthesis was implanted. No severe intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. DISCUSSION In agreement with other authors worldwide, the arthroscopic treatment of FAI syndrome, if indicated and performed correctly, was confirmed to improve the clinical condition of patients postoperatively, regardless of the technique used in treating the chondral defect. Based on our results as well as conclusions of other world authors, in treating the grade IV defects of smaller size it is appropriate, in treating the cartilage, to prefer the microfracture surgery, which is less demanding both technically and financially and contrary to mere debridement allows to fill the original defect by fibrocartilage tissue. CONCLUSIONS The benefits of the acetabular microfracture in patients with the FAI syndrome treated arthroscopically were confirmed. A statistically significant difference between the two studied groups was reported in the mHHS parameter at 12 and 24 months after surgery and also in the VAS parameter at 24 months in favour of the group with performed microfracture. In both the studied groups, the arthroscopy resulted in a statistically significant improvement of the assessed quality of life parameters. Key words: hip arthroscopy, femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, chondral defect, microfracture, abrasive chondroplasty.
- MeSH
- acetabulum chirurgie MeSH
- artroskopie MeSH
- femoroacetabulární impingement * chirurgie MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- kyčelní kloub chirurgie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- stresové fraktury * MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Only a few cases of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in Cushing's syndrome have been published in the literature so far. In the majority of these patients, the pneumonia occurred after reduction of the hypercortisolism with medicamentous treatment. We report two cases of PCP during conservative treatment of hypercortisolism. We describe clinical, imaging and laboratory findings in two patients and review published cases of pneumocystits pneumonia in Cushing's syndrome. A 60-year-old woman and 20-year-old man with Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic ACTH syndrome were treated at our department. Both developed pneumocystis pneumonia early after treatment with ketoconazole and ethomidate bromide had been introduced and the levels of cortisol rapidly decreased. PCP prophylaxis in patients with high cortisolemia should be started before treatment of hypercortisolism in current practice. Gradual lowering of plasma cortisol should also reduce the risk of infection by Pneumocystis jiroveci.
- MeSH
- adrenokortikální hyperfunkce farmakoterapie MeSH
- Cushingův syndrom diagnóza farmakoterapie chirurgie MeSH
- glukokortikoidy aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- Pneumocystis izolace a purifikace patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- pneumocystová pneumonie diagnóza farmakoterapie chemicky indukované MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY We present the results of the retrospective study comparing the clinical outcomes of outside-in versus all-inside suture techniques of unstable RAMP lesions (RL) of the medial meniscus in patients with simultaneous ACL lesion with a minimum two-year follow-up. MATERIAL AND METHODS The retrospective evaluation covered two groups of patients who underwent the arthroscopic repair of unstable RL in combination with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Group 1 included 42 patients (28 men/24 women). Group 2 consisted of 36 patients (21 men/15 women). In Group 1, RL suture repair using the outside-in technique by posteromedial approach with absorbable PDS suture was performed, while in Group 2 the all-inside technique of RL suture via the standard anteromedial portal was applied using the Fast-Fix system (Smith Nephew, USA). The evaluation was done preoperatively and postoperatively with the mean follow-up of 27.9 months in Group 1 and 30.1 months in Group 2. The patients were assessed using the subjective IKDC score and the side-to-side difference (SSD) in ventral laxity was measured by Genourob (GNRB) laximeter at the applied pressure of 134 N and 250 N. Moreover, the failure rate of RAMP lesion repair, ACL graft, necessity of secondary partial meniscectomy and return to pre-injury level of sport were analysed. RESULTS The median IKDC score increased in Group 1 from 56 points preoperatively to 92 points postoperatively and in Group 2 from 58 points preoperatively to 90 points postoperatively (p>0.05). The median value of SSD in ventral laxity of the knee measured by the GNRB laximeter at the applied pressure of 134 N in Group 1 was 5.6 mm preoperatively and 1.9 mm postoperatively and in Group 2 it was 5.9 mm preoperatively and 2.3 mm postoperatively. At the pressure of 250 N, the median value in Group 1 was 7.9 mm preoperatively and 2.7 mm postoperatively and in Group 2 it was 8.1 mm preoperatively and 3.2 mm postoperatively. When comparing the SSD of the groups postoperatively, no statistically significant difference was found (p>0.05). Revision arthroscopy was performed in 8 patients. In 1 patient (2.4 %) in Group 1 and in 4 patients (11.1%) in Group 2 a rerupture of the RL of the meniscus occurred and partial meniscectomy was performed. In Group 2, statistically significant higher occurrence of the RL suture failure (p<0.05) was reported and there was a need to perform partial medial meniscectomy (p<0.05). The ACL graft failure was observed in 2 patients (4.7%) in Group 1 and in 3 patients (8.3%) in Group 2 (p>0.05). 31 evaluated patients (73.8%) from Group 1 and 24 patients (66.7%) from Group 2 (p>0.05) returned to the pre-injury level of sports activities. DISCUSSION When comparing the outcomes of individual techniques of the RL repair published in recent literature with our conclusions, we may state that the results of subjective as well as objective criteria achieved were similar to those reported by other authors worldwide. No study has so far been published which would compare the outcomes of the by us presented two surgical techniques of the RL suture in an ACL-deficient knee with a minimum follow-up of 24 months. CONCLUSIONS Both the surgical techniques of unstable RL repair in combination with the ACLR using a tendon graft result in a statistically significant improvement of clinical outcomes postoperatively. In Group 2, with the all-inside RL repair, a statistically significant higher failure rate of RL repair was confirmed as well as the need to perform secondary partial meniscectomy compared to Group 1. Key words: RAMP lesion, ACL-deficient knee, unstable medial meniscus lesion, repair of meniscus, all-inside technique, posteromedial technique, ACL reconstruction.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY This original paper aims to present the conclusions of the prospective study evaluating the clinical results of anatomical all-inside ACL reconstruction using quadrupled semitendinosustendon graft with posteromedial harvest using suspensory fixation by Tightrope implants at the follow-up of at least 12 months. MATERIAL AND METHODS The prospective study included a total of 119 patients (74 men/39 women) with the mean age of 28.3 (18-52) years, in whom demographic data was collected and a clinical examination was performed. The patients satisfying the "inclusion" and "exclusion" criteria were enrolled in the study and subsequently underwent the same, aforementioned surgical procedure performed by a single surgeon. Preoperatively and at a minimum 12-month follow-up the following subjective criteria were evaluated using the Lysholm and IKDC subjective scores and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (0-10). The objective parameters comprised the side-to-side difference in anterior knee laxity assessed by Genourob arthrometer with an applied pressure of 134 and 250 N, anterior drawer test, and the pivot shift test. The occurrence of graft failure, complications and return to pre-injury sport levels were monitored. The obtained data was statistically evaluated at the statistical significance level of 0.05. RESULTS A total of 89 patients were assessed at the follow-up of at least 12 months after the surgery. The median Lysholm score increased over time from 58.7 preoperatively to 94.2 postoperatively (p < 0.05) and the IKDC subjective score went up from 46.3 to 91.4 (p < 0.05). The median postoperative VAS kept decreasing from 7.3 (Day 2), 5.1 (Day 14), 3.1 (Week 6), 1.2 (Month 6) to 0.3 at 12 months after the surgical procedure. Preoperatively, the results were significantly positive (i.e. C, D) in 52.8% (C) and 21.4% (D), whereas postoperatively the results of the PST were significantly positive only in 4%. Therefore, the surgical procedure was conducive to a statistically significant decrease in rotational knee laxity over time (p < 0.05). The median side-to-side difference in anterior laxity of the operated knee objectively assessed by GNRB arthrometer with the applied pressure of 134 N was 4.2 mm (3.1-6.8) as against the postoperative 1.2 mm (0.4-2.1) and with the applied pressure of 250 N it was 6.2 mm (4.6-8.7) prior to the surgical procedure versus 2.4 mm (1.6-3.5) postoperatively. That concerned a statistically significant decrease of postoperative side-to-side difference in anterior laxity of the operated knee at both the measured pressures (p < 0.05). The graft failed in 3 patients only (3.4%), no major complications associated with the surgical procedure were observed and 62 of the evaluated patients (69.6%) were able to return to the pre-injury level of sport within one year after the surgery. DISCUSSION When comparing the results obtained by our study with the conclusions of clinical studies carried out by other authors and evaluating similar clinical parameters with the identical surgical technique applied, it is obvious that in our group of patients we achieved similar clinical results as the other authors from abroad. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study showed that the all-inside ACL anatomical reconstruction using quadrupled semitendinosus tendon graft with posteromedial harvest with suspensory fixation by Tightrope implants at one year after the surgery bring very good subjective as well as objective clinical results and minimum complications. Key words:anterior cruciate ligament tear, anatomical ACL reconstruction, all-inside technique, posteromedial harvest, quadrupled semitendinosustendon graft, retrograde drilling, suspensory graft fixation.
- MeSH
- artroskopie škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hodnocení výsledků pacienta MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- nestabilita kloubu etiologie MeSH
- odběr tkání a orgánů metody MeSH
- pooperační komplikace MeSH
- poranění předního zkříženého vazu chirurgie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- protézy a implantáty MeSH
- rekonstrukce předního zkříženého vazu škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- sportovní úrazy chirurgie MeSH
- zadní stehenní svaly transplantace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
A Gram-variable, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium was isolated from surface-sterilized seeds of the garden pea and characterized with phenotypic and molecular methods. A PCR with the Paenibacillus-specific primer PAEN515F and the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain C/2T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus and is closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae (94.0 % sequence similarity). Strain C/2T generated a unique phenotypic profile, in particular for the production of acid from substrates. The DNA G+C content (50.8 mol%) and the major fatty acid (anteiso-C(15 : 0)) are consistent with the genus Paenibacillus. DNA-DNA hybridization distinguished strain C/2T from other phylogenetically related Paenibacillus species and, therefore, strain C/2T (=CCM 4839T=LMG 23002T) is here described as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus mendelii sp. nov. is proposed.
- MeSH
- DNA bakterií analýza chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- geny rRNA MeSH
- grampozitivní bakterie fyziologie izolace a purifikace klasifikace MeSH
- hrách setý mikrobiologie MeSH
- hybridizace nukleových kyselin MeSH
- mastné kyseliny analýza izolace a purifikace MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- ribozomální DNA chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S analýza genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- semena rostlinná mikrobiologie MeSH
- zastoupení bazí MeSH
RATIONALE: Although the structure of atomic switch Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) thin films is well established, the composition of the clusters formed in the plasma plume during pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) is not known. Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LDI-TOF MS) is an effective method for the generation and study of clusters formed by laser ablation of various solids and thus for determining their structural fragments. METHODS: LDI of bulk or PLD-deposited GST thin layers and of various precursors (Ge, Sb, Te, and Ge-Te or Sb-Te mixtures) using a nitrogen laser (337 nm) was applied while the mass spectra were recorded in positive and negative ion modes using a TOF mass spectrometer equipped with a reflectron while the stoichiometry of the clusters formed was determined via isotopic envelope analysis. RESULTS: The singly negatively or positively charged clusters identified from the LDI of GST were Ge, Ge2, GeTe, Ge2Te, Ten (n = 1-3), GeTe2, Ge2Te2, GeTe3, SbTe2, Sb2Te, GeSbTe2, Sb3Te and the low abundance ternary GeSbTe3, while the LDI of germanium telluride yielded Gem Ten (+) clusters (m = 1-3, n = 1-3). Several minor Ge-H clusters were also observed for pure germanium and for germanium telluride. Sbn clusters (n = 1-3) and the formation of binary TeSb, TeSb2 and TeSb3 clusters were detected when Sb2Te3 was examined. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report that elucidates the stoichiometry of Gem Sbn Tep clusters formed in plasma when bulk or nano-layers of GST material are ablated. The clusters were found to be fragments of the original structure. The results might facilitate the development of PLD technology for this memory phase-change material.
1. elektronické vydání 1 online zdroj (164 stran)
Při založení Masarykovy univerzity byly na její filozofické fakultě nejsilněji zastoupeny historické obory. Letošní sté výročí nabízí jedinečnou příležitost ohlédnout se za proměnami, jimiž historické obory během prvního století existence univerzity prošly. Z historického semináře se postupně oddělovaly a vedle něj také vznikaly další semináře a ústavy s úzkou vazbou k historii i jejím postupům - dějiny umění, archeologie, muzeologie, archivnictví a pomocné vědy historické, etnologie. Autory předkládané publikace vedla snaha odpovědět na otázky, jaký byl význam jmenovaných brněnských seminářů v dějinách vědy a vzdělanosti v domácím a mezinárodním kontextu, jaké osobnosti v Brně vyrostly či jaké vnější vlivy působily na institucionální utváření historických oborů na Filozofické fakultě Masarykovy univerzity. Publikace je proto rozdělena do tří částí: Institucionální vývoj; Osobnosti; Tradice, inovace a projekty. V této perspektivě sledují autoři vývoj dnešního Historického ústavu, Semináře dějin umění, Ústavu pomocných věd historických a archivnictví, Ústavu evropské etnologie a Ústavu archeologie a muzeologie v proměnách dějin českých zemí od vzniku samostatného Československa až do současnosti.; CrossRef Cited-by
