Plavinová, Iveta*
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In 2021 the Czech Society for Nutrition published a document "The Healthy thirteen-concise dietary guidelines for the general public". The aim of these recommendations for adults, children, and the elderly is to promote health with the goal of comprehensively communicating the basics of a healthy lifestyle, primarily by providing suggestions for healthy nutrition. The purpose of this article is to evaluate this document from the viewpoint of health promotion and protection, including oral health, in terms of its comprehensibility, utilization in paediatric practice and compatibility with the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Association of Paediatric Dentistry (IAPD). The Healthy thirteen is intelligible to the general public, describes specific steps feasible in practice and represents the merging of primary prevention with practice. Regarding the reduction of simple sugars consumption and maintaining the intake of phytoprotective substances, these guidelines are in line not only with the prevention of dental caries but also with the prevention of overweight and obesity in children. The IAPD guidelines in relation to free sugars only significantly differ for children under two years of age. The IAPD requires a complete elimination of free sugar in the aforementioned age group.
V roce 2021 vydala česká Společnost pro výživu dokument „Zdravá třináctka – stručná výživová doporučení pro obyvatelstvo“. Smyslem třinácti doporučení pro dospělé, děti a seniory je podpora zdraví s cílem srozumitelně sdělit populaci zásady životního stylu převážně formou doporučení v oblasti zdravé výživy. Cílem sdělení je zhodnocení tohoto dokumentu z pohledu podpory a ochrany zdraví včetně orálního zdraví, z hlediska srozumitelnosti, využití v pediatrické praxi a kompatibility s doporučeními Světové zdravotnické organizace (SZO) a International Association of Paediatric Dentistry (IAPD). Zdravá 13 je i pro laickou veřejnost dobře srozumitelné sdělení, popisuje konkrétní v praxi realizovatelné kroky a reprezentuje spojení primární prevence a praxe. Ve vztahu ke snížení konzumace jednoduchých cukrů a v udržení příjmu fytoprotektivních látek je doporučení v souladu s prevencí zubního kazu a s prevencí nadváhy a obezity u dětí. Pouze u věkové kategorie dětí do dvou let věku se doporučení IAPD ve vztahu k volným cukrům významně liší. IAPD požaduje úplnou eliminaci volných cukrů u této věkové kategorie.
The contribution of environmental pollutants to the obesity pandemic is still not yet fully recognized. Elucidating possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of their effects is of high importance. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic, 21-day-long, 2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichlorethylenedichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) exposure of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells committed to adipogenesis on mitochondrial oxygen consumption on days 4, 10, and 21. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), the quality of the mitochondrial network, and lipid accumulation in maturing cells were evaluated. Compared to control differentiating adipocytes, exposure to p,p'-DDE at 1 μM concentration significantly increased basal (routine) mitochondrial respiration, ATP-linked oxygen consumption and MMP of intact cells on day 21 of adipogenesis. In contrast, higher pollutant concentration seemed to slow down the gradual increase in ATP-linked oxygen consumption typical for normal adipogenesis. Organochlorine p,p'-DDE did not alter citrate synthase activity. In conclusion, in vitro 1 μM p,p'-DDE corresponding to human exposure is able to increase the mitochondrial respiration per individual mitochondrion at the end of adipocyte maturation. Our data reveal that long-lasting exposure to p,p'-DDE could interfere with the metabolic programming of mature adipocytes.
- MeSH
- adipogeneze účinky léků MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace účinky léků MeSH
- dichlordifenyldichlorethylen toxicita MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- membránový potenciál mitochondrií MeSH
- mezenchymální kmenové buňky cytologie účinky léků MeSH
- mitochondrie účinky léků MeSH
- obezita metabolismus MeSH
- tukové buňky cytologie účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine trend in polyphenol consumption in the Czech Republic during the last three decades. Additionally, it provides a brief overview of the beneficial effects of polyphenols in several body systems. METHODS: Data from the Phenol-Explorer 3.6, a specialized database of polyphenolic substances, were assigned to the resources of the Czech Statistical Office on the consumption of food and beverages in the Czech Republic for the years 1989-2022. The average daily intake of polyphenols was determined by multiplying the average annual consumption of each type of food by the polyphenol content obtained from the database; results were given in milligrams of polyphenols per inhabitant and day. Since the food items in the data sources are not identical, it was necessary to create an extensive model of food categories. RESULTS: The current value of polyphenol intake is 1,673 mg per day per inhabitant; however, this level most likely reflects methodological underestimation. The favourable increase in dietary polyphenol intake in the Czech population - doubling, to be precise - which we observed from 1989 to 2007, has been replaced by the opposite trend in the last 15 years. The current intake of polyphenols corresponds to the level that was already achieved in 2004. Hydroxycinnamic acids (from the group of phenolic acids) are the most prevalent dietary polyphenols, followed by flavanols (from the group of flavonoids). The most frequent source of polyphenols in the Czech population are non-alcoholic beverages such as coffee, tea and juices, followed by fruits, cereals, and vegetables, respectively. CONCLUSION: Current trend of dietary polyphenol intake in the Czech population is slightly decreasing. This tendency, lasting since 2008, is indisputably negative. Plant polyphenols offer opportunities for inexpensive interventions in health promotion.
- MeSH
- dieta statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polyfenoly * aplikace a dávkování analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
First English edition 175 stran : ilustrace, tabulky ; 23 cm
- Konspekt
- Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
- Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
- NLK Obory
- veřejné zdravotnictví
- preventivní medicína
- NLK Publikační typ
- učebnice vysokých škol
1. elektronické vydání 1 online zdroj (176 stran)
- Klíčová slova
- Medicína pro veřejnost,
- MeSH
- preventivní lékařství MeSH
- veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH
- NLK Obory
- veřejné zdravotnictví
- preventivní medicína
OBJECTIVE: The marine n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exert numerous beneficial effects on health, but their potency to defend against development of peripheral insulin resistance of healthy person with overweight remains poorly characterized. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a combination intervention using EPA + DHA and the lifestyle modification (LSM) in women with overweight. METHOD: In a parallel-group, three-arm, randomized trial (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry - R000031131), 34 women were assigned to a 12-week-intervention using corn oil (1.5 g/day; placebo); LSM and corn oil (1.5 g/day; LSM); or LSM and EPA + DHA concentrate (1.5 g/day, containing ~ 0.6 g EPA + DHA; LSM & n-3). At baseline and after intervention, anthropometric measurements including bioelectrical impedance analysis, spiroergometry, 24-hours dietary recall, and various metabolic markers, adiponectin and cytokines were evaluated in serum using standard procedures. Data from 29 women were used for the final evaluation. Wilcoxon two-sided rank-sum test was used to inspect the differences between LSM and LSM & n-3, and placebo groups, with a p-value of ≤ 0.05. All computations were performed with MATLAB Statistics Toolbox. RESULTS: In comparison with placebo, LSM and LSM & n-3 decreased body weight, waist circumference, and body fat, and increased VO2max/kg. LSM & n-3 increased adiponectin levels in comparison to LSM. Fasting insulin, IL8, and cholesterol were decreased by LSM, but were unchanged by LSM & n-3. IL6 was not affected in LSM & n-3, while it was increased in LSM. Other inflammatory markers, as well as leptin, LIF, follistatin, BDNF, and fasting triacylglycerol were not significantly affected by any of the interventions. CONCLUSION: Besides preventing a modest negative effect of LSM on IL6 and adiponectin level, the combination of LSM and EPA + DHA supplementation could be probably used to improve the functional capacity of adipose tissue in women with overweight.
- MeSH
- kyselina eikosapentaenová terapeutické užití MeSH
- kyseliny dokosahexaenové terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nadváha terapie MeSH
- potravní doplňky * MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- zdravý životní styl * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Obesogens, as environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals, are supposed to have had an impact on the prevalence of rising obesity around the world over the last forty years. These chemicals are probably able to contribute not only to the development of obesity and metabolic disturbances in individuals, but also in their progeny, having the capability to epigenetically reprogram genetically inherited set-up points for body weight and body composition control during critical periods of development, such as fetal, early life, and puberty. In individuals, they may act on myriads of neuro-endocrine-immune metabolic regulatory pathways, leading to pathophysiological consequences in adipogenesis, lipogenesis, lipolysis, immunity, the influencing of central appetite and energy expenditure regulations, changes in gut microbiota-intestine functioning, and many other processes. Evidence-based medical data have recently brought much more convincing data about associations of particular chemicals and the probability of the raised risk of developing obesity. Foods are the main source of obesogens. Some obesogens occur naturally in food, but most are environmental chemicals, entering food as a foreign substance, whether in the form of contaminants or additives, and they are used in a large amount in highly processed food. This review article contributes to a better overview of obesogens, their occurrence in foods, and their impact on the human organism.
