BACKGROUND: Psychotherapy outcomes are typically measured in terms of symptom relief. However, this method might overlook important changes from clients' perspectives when they are asked to report on them. A more client-centred approach might bring a deeper understanding of psychotherapy outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes identified by clients within qualitative psychotherapy research. METHODS: The PsycArticles, PsycInfo, and MEDLINE Complete databases were searched for English language studies published until Nov 11, 2023. Additional studies were identified through references in the primary studies and previous meta-analyses or systematic reviews. Search terms were related to psychotherapy and counselling, clients' or patients' experiences, psychotherapy outcomes and changes, post-treatment perspectives, and types of qualitative methods. Qualitative studies on client-identified outcomes of individual psychotherapy were included. Findings related to clients' perceptions of psychotherapy outcomes were extracted (by ML and checked by TR and LT) and analysed (by all authors) using the descriptive-interpretative meta-analytic approach. All authors have personally experienced psychotherapy as clients. This study was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021277330). FINDINGS: We included 177 studies in the qualitative meta-analysis, from 24 countries, including descriptions from 2908 clients. Most of the studies were of good quality; they covered a wide range of therapeutic approaches and diagnoses. The descriptions of psychotherapy outcomes were classified into 60 meta-categories and grouped into ten clusters. These clusters related to clients' relational and social functioning; their emotional functioning; self-awareness, self-understanding, and more adaptive cognitive processing; behavioural functioning; developing their own resources; clients' attitudes towards themselves; generally embracing life; symptom and problem change; and more general wellbeing. The tenth cluster was outcomes that could not be clearly attributed to psychotherapy, which was considered outside the scope of this study. INTERPRETATION: The meta-analysis showed that clients value outcome dimensions beyond symptom reduction, such as deeper self-understanding, enhanced self-agency, and greater social engagement. By examining psychotherapy outcomes across various diagnoses and therapeutic approaches, we highlight limitations in traditional outcome measures, showing the need for more comprehensive, client-centred assessment tools and the value of incorporating qualitative methods into understanding dimensions of change. FUNDING: European Union.

• MeSH
• duševní poruchy terapie   psychologie   MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psychoterapie * metody   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Objective: This study aimed to develop an updated brief self-report post-session measure, suitable for collecting systematic feedback on clients' session reactions in the context of measurement-based care (MBC). Method: The Session Reactions Scale-3 (SRS-3; 33 items) was developed by extending and adjusting the Revised Session Reactions Scale. In Study 1, the psychometric properties of the SRS-3 were tested on N = 242 clients. In Study 2, a brief version of the SRS-3 (SRS-3-B; 15 items) was developed using a combination of conceptual, empirical, and pragmatic criteria. In Study 3, the psychometric properties of the SRS-3-B were tested on a new sample of N = 265 clients. Results: Exploratory factor analysis supported the use of the SRS-3-B as a two-factor (helpful reactions, hindering reactions) or unidimensional (overall session evaluation) instrument. The SRS-3-B was meaningfully related to another process measure (Individual Therapy Process Questionnaire) both on the item and factor levels. Conclusions: The SRS-3-B is a reliable process measure to elicit rich and clinically meaningful feedback from clients within the MBC context and as a research instrument to assess the helpful and hindering aspects of therapy sessions.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psychometrie MeSH
• psychoterapie * metody   MeSH
• vztahy mezi zdravotnickým pracovníkem a pacientem * MeSH
• zpráva o sobě MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Objectives. The Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale (ODSIS) is a brief self-report transdiagnostic measure designed to assess the severity and functional impairment associated with depression. Its broader focus makes the measure useful for screening as well as routine outcome monitoring and assessment of the overall impact of treatment. The measure is widely used and well applicable in both clinical settings and research context. This study was designed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Czech version of ODSIS. Statistical analysis. Ordinal Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to explore dimensionality. We also examined the ODSIS items using Item Response Theory (IRT). Moreover, internal consistency, test-retest reliability and construct validity were tested. Finally, the cut-off scores for the Reliable Change Index (RCI) and the Clinically Significant Change Index (CSI) were calculated. Sample and setting. The present study assessed selected psychometric properties of the Czech version of the ODSIS in three separate samples: a large general representative sample (n=1738), a clinical sample (outpatients and inpatients; n=58) and a separate online retest sample (n=30). In addition to the ODSIS, participants were asked to respond to conventional measures of depression, anxiety, personality traits, self-esteem, life satisfaction and other scales to determine convergent and divergent validity. Results. Higher depression was observed in females, in widows and widowers, retirees and students. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated an excellent fit of the modified unidimensional model with correlated errors between items 1 and 2: x2(4) = 8.33; p<0.080; CFI = 1.000; TLI = 1.000; RMSEA = 0.025, SRMR = 0.008. The ODSIS score was positively associated with guilt and shame, neuroticism, anxiety, perceived stress and an established measuring tool for depression. The ODSIS yielded an excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha=0.94, McDonald’s omega=0.96), and the temporal stability of the ODSIS score was satisfactory (r=0.65). The ODSIS items had a high discrimination ability and their measurement precision was highest in individuals with a high degree of depression. Differential item functioning revealed that the ODSIS items assess depression in the same way between males and females. Study limitation. The main limitation is the small clinical sample size, the use of self-report questionnaires for validity testing and lower test-retest reliability. Downloads PDF Published 2024-04-30 How to Cite Mikoška, P., Novák, L., Bok, T. ., Ladmanová, M. ., Fülep, M. ., Kořínek, R., & Pilárik, Ľubor. (2024). Validation of the Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale (ODSIS) in the Czech Republic. Československá Psychologie, 68(2), 135-155. https://doi.org/10.51561/cspsych.68.2.135 Issue Vol. 68 No. 2 (2024) Section Articles License Copyright (c) 2024 Lukáš Novák Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

OBJECTIVE: Understanding the client perspective is important for the provision of psychotherapy. The significant events paradigm, within which clients report on the most significant events of a therapy session immediately after the session, represents a useful means to explore clients' in-session experience. METHOD: The aim of this study was to investigate what types of client-identified impacts are reported in qualitative studies on helpful and hindering events in psychotherapy. Seventeen primary studies focusing on client-identified helpful and hindering events were identified through database searches and subsequent manual searches. The data were subjected to qualitative meta-analysis. RESULTS: The descriptions of event impacts were classified into 12 helpful (e.g., gaining a new perspective on the self; feeling heard, understood, and accepted; and feeling engaged in the therapeutic process) and eight hindering (e.g., lacking guidance from the therapist and feeling emotionally overwhelmed) impact meta-categories. CONCLUSION: The findings provide an update to a previous meta-analysis by identifying several new categories of helpful event impacts and by categorizing hindering event impacts.

• MeSH
• emoce MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psychoterapie * MeSH
• vztahy mezi zdravotnickým pracovníkem a pacientem * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH