Background: Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAI) is a complex, often post-traumatically developing impairment of the hip joint. It is characterized by ambiguous symptomatology, which makes early diagnosis difficult. Aim: The study was conducted to evaluate the applicability of a triaxial gyroscopic sensor in routine practice as an additional indication criterion for operative versus conservative treatment procedures. Methods: Ninety-two patients were included in the experimental retrospective study and 62 completed the examination. All patients signed informed consent. A gyroscopic sensor was placed on the right side of the pelvis above the hip joint and patients walked approximately 15 steps. Data were also evaluated while the patients climbed stairs. A complete clinical examination of the dynamics and physiological movements in the joint was performed. The data measured by the gyroscopic sensor were processed using differential geometry methods and subsequently evaluated using spectral analysis and neural networks. Results: FAI diagnosis using gyroscopic measurement is fast and easy to implement. Our approach to processing the gyroscopic signals used to detect the stage of osteoarthritis and post-traumatic FAI could lead to more accurate detection and capture early in FAI development. Conclusions: The obtained data are easily evaluated, interpretable, and beneficial in the diagnosis of the early stages of FAI. The results of the study show that this approach can lead to more accurate and early detection of osteoarthritis and post-traumatic FAI.

• MeSH
• analýza chůze metody   MeSH
• biomechanika * MeSH
• femoroacetabulární impingement * chirurgie   diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kyčelní kloub patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nositelná elektronika * MeSH
• osteoartróza diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• telemedicína metody   MeSH
• umělá inteligence MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

ERAS (enhanced recovery after surgery) představuje komplexní strategii zaměřenou na urychlení rekonvalescence, redukci komplikací a optimalizaci pooperační péče. Protokol ERAS se skládá z doporučení pro předoperační, perioperační a pooperační fázi péče o pacienty. Implementace ERAS protokolu přináší řadu benefitů, a to jak pro pacienty, tak pro zdravotnický systém. Zkracuje dobu hospitalizace, snižuje počet a závažnost pooperačních komplikací a zlepšuje kvalitu života pacientů. Tyto faktory vedou k úspoře nákladů na zdravotní péči a zefektivnění obratu pacientů na lůžkách (tzv. obložnost). Důsledné dodržování protokolu ERAS je klíčové pro dosažení optimálních výsledků. Komplexní strategie ERAS tak představuje historický zlom v perioperační péči a stává se nezbytným standardem v chirurgii jater a slinivky břišní.

ERAS (enhanced recovery after surgery) represents a comprehensive strategy aimed at expediting patient recovery, reducing complications, and optimizing postoperative care. The ERAS protocol encompasses recommendations for the preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative phases of patient care. Implementation of the ERAS protocol yields a multitude of benefits for both patients and the healthcare system. It shortens hospital stays, diminishes the number and severity of postoperative complications, and enhances patient’s quality of life. These factors contribute to healthcare cost savings and improved bed turnover efficiency. Rigorous adherence to the ERAS protocol is paramount to achieving optimal outcomes. The comprehensive ERAS strategy thus marks a paradigm shift in perioperative care and emerges as an indispensable standard in liver and pancreatic surgery.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci jater * chirurgie   MeSH
• nemoci slinivky břišní * chirurgie   MeSH
• perioperační péče MeSH
• pooperační péče MeSH
• předoperační péče MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• urychlená pooperační rehabilitace * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome is a complex, often post-traumatically developing impairment of the hip joint, characterized by ambiguous symptomatology, which makes early diagnosis diffi cult, especially in the early stages. Experimental retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the usability of a triaxial gyroscopic sensor in routine practice as an additional indication criterion for operative versus conservative treatment procedures. MATERIAL AND METHODS 92 patients were included in the retrospective study, and 62 completed the investigation. All patients signed informed consent. A gyroscopic sensor was placed on the right side of the pelvis above the hip joint, and the patients walked approximately 15 steps. Furthermore, an evaluation of the data during stair climbing and a complete clinical examination of the dynamics and physiological movements in the joint was carried out. Data measured with a gyroscopic sensor were processed using differential geometry methods and then evaluated using spectral analysis and neural networks. The proposed technique of diagnosing FAI using gyroscope measurement is a fast, easy-to-perform method. RESULTS Our approach in processing gyroscopic signals used to detect the stage of arthrosis and post-traumatically developing FAI could lead to more accurate early detection and capture in the early stages. CONCLUSIONS The obtained data are easily evaluated, interpretable and benefi cial in diagnosing the early stages of FAI. The results of the conducted research showed this approach to more accurate early detection of arthrosis and post-traumatically developing FAI. Key words: wearable sensors; osteoarthritis; mathematical biophysics; telemedicine.

• MeSH
• femoroacetabulární impingement * diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• kyčelní kloub chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci kloubů * MeSH
• neuronové sítě MeSH
• osteoartróza * MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY This study aims to analyse a subpopulation of patients with severe haemorrhagic shock and a concurrent unstable pelvic ring fracture. MATERIAL AND METHODS This manuscript is a retrospective study of prospectively collected data on trauma patients over a period of 10 years, namely between 2010 and 2019. These patients, primarily (after injury) referred to the trauma centre of the University Hospital Hradec Králové, were diagnosed with an unstable pelvic ring fracture as a part of multiple injuries. RESULTS The total number of patients with a pelvic ring fracture and concurrent acute phase of decompensated haemorrhagic shock in the period from 2010 to 2019 was 112. After excluding 25 patients with AIS 4 and 5 (Abbreviated Injury Scale) severe head trauma and another two patients who died of late-stage SIRS (systemic infl ammatory response syndrome) complications, the group consisted of 85 patients. Subsequently, the subpopulation of patients "in extremis" evaluated by the study included a total of 22 patients with the baseline systolic pressure below 70 mm Hg and/or baseline haemoglobin level below 80 g/l. CONCLUSIONS Prior to the evaluation of this study population, our department had no single algorithm developed to treat such patients. Slow blood circulation stabilisation or death were usually associated with inadequate haemostatic algorithm. The patients leaving the operating room and being handed over to the ICU presented the signs of a decompensated shock. Oftentimes, the pelvis was merely stabilised, with no further intervention to stop the bleeding. The extraperitoneal pelvic packing was performed in very few cases only. The extravasation of contrast media during the initial CT scan does not necessarily have to be detected due to vasospasm or hypotension with reduced blood fl ow. In such cases, only the size of haematoma is a sign of arterial bleeding. It is also risky to rely solely on vasography when stopping the bleeding which will certainly fail to stop venous bleeding. However, venous bleeding always accompanies arterial bleeding. Stabilisation of both segments of the pelvis is essential to stop bleeding in haemodynamically unstable patients with a pelvic ring injury. It is followed by extraperitoneal pelvic packing and in the case of continuing haemodynamic instability also vasography, namely even if there is a negative fi nding of the initial CT scan or if no initial CT scan was performed. This procedure has become the core of our single haemostatic algorithm. Key words: pelvic ring injury, patients in extremis, haemostatic algorithm.

• MeSH
• fraktury kostí * komplikace   chirurgie   MeSH
• hemoragický šok * etiologie   MeSH
• hemostatika * MeSH
• krvácení etiologie   diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pánevní kosti * zranění   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

Úvod: I když během posledních desetiletí společně s vývojem šetrné operační techniky, instrumentári a a perioperačního managementu došlo k významnému zlepšení pooperačních výsledků, infekční komplikace společně s rozvojem pooperačního krvácení jsou stále vedoucími příčinami pooperační morbidity a letality v HPB chirurgii. Metody: Provedli jsme retrospektivní studii za tříleté období u 256 pacientů, kteří podstoupili operaci slinivky, jater, žlučníku či žlučových cest. Sledovali jsme vliv velikosti krevních ztrát a počtu podaných transfuzních přípravků na druh a závažnost pooperačních komplikací, počet reoperací a rehospitalizací. Výsledky: Průměrná velikost krevní ztráty byla 457 ml. Transfuze jsme podali 39 pacientům (17 %). Potvrdili jsme hypotézu, že přítomnost krevní ztráty statisticky významně zvyšuje rozvoj hlubokých nitrobřišních infekcí (p=0,0188). S narůstající krevní ztrátou se zvyšuje morbidita (p =0,0168). Potvrdili jsme statisticky významný rozdíl ve velikosti krevních ztrát mezi skupinou s komplikacemi a bez nich (p=0,001). Pooperační 30denní letalita byla menší než 1 % (n=2). Reoperovaných pacientů bylo 15 (6 %), z toho 7 pro akutní krvácení a 8 pro infekční komplikace. Doba hospitalizace se statisticky významně prodloužila u pacientů, kterým byly podány transfuze – erytrocyty (p=0,023), plazma (p=0,011). Rehospitalizovali jsme 12 pacientů, během rehospitalizace zemřeli tři pacienti (90denní letalita byla 2 %, n=5). Celkem 59 % pacientů v našem souboru bylo klasifikováno jako ASA III. Závěr: Se zvyšující se krevní ztrátou statisticky významně stoupá morbidita, a to především rozvoj intraabdominálních infekcí, ale i přesto zůstává celková pooperační letalita nízká. Příčinou poloviny akutních reoperací je rozvoj časného pooperačního krvácení. Doba hospitalizace se statisticky významně prodlužuje s počtem podaných transfuzních přípravků.

Introduction: During the last decades, simultaneously with the development of surgical technique, modern equipment and perioperative management, there has been a significant improvement in postoperative outcome. Despite this, infectious complications and perioperative bleeding remain the leading causes of postoperative morbidity and mortality in HPB surgery. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study over a three-year period in 256 patients who underwent surgery of the pancreas, liver, gallbladder, or bile ducts. We monitored perioperative blood loss, the number of administered transfusions, the type and severity of postoperative complications, the number of reoperations and the number of readmissions. Results: The average blood loss was 457 ml. We administered transfusions to 39 patients (17%). We confirmed the hypothesis that the presence of blood loss statistically significantly increases the development of deep intra-abdominal infections (p=0.0188). Morbidity increases with increasing blood loss (p=0.0168). We confirmed a statistically significant difference in the blood loss between the groups with and without complications (p=0.001). Postoperative 30-day mortality was less than 1% (n=2). There were 15 (6%) reoperated patients, seven for acute bleeding and eight for infectious complications. The length of hospital stay was statistically significantly longer in patients who received transfusions – erythrocytes (p=0.023), and plasma (p=0.011). We readmitted 12 patients, three patients died during rehospitalization (the 90-day mortality rate was 2%, n=5). A total of 59% patients in our group were classified as ASA III. Conclusion: With increasing blood loss, morbidity (development of intra-abdominal infections) increases significantly, but despite this, overall post- operative mortality remains low. Early postoperative bleeding is the cause of more than half of reoperations. The length of hospitalization increases significantly with the number of transfusions administered.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hepatektomie MeSH
• krvácení při operaci * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pankreatektomie MeSH
• pooperační komplikace MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The inflammatory process in Crohn's disease (CD) is closely associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species. Antioxidant enzymes can play an important role in the outcome of CD and may influence postoperative recurrence in these patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate gene expression of intracellular antioxidant enzymes in surgically resected intestinal specimens of patients with CD, both in macroscopically normal and in inflamed tissue. METHODS: A total of 28 patients referred for elective bowel resection were enrolled in the study. Full-thickness small intestinal specimens were investigated. Gene expression of antioxidant enzymes - superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GSR) - was evaluated both in macroscopically normal and inflamed samples. RESULTS: There were significantly lower levels of SOD1 mRNA (p = 0.007) and GSR mRNA (p = 0.027) in inflamed tissue compared to macroscopically normal areas. No significant differences were found between affected and non-affected intestinal segments in mRNA for SOD2, SOD3 and GPX. CONCLUSIONS: Our pilot data clearly showed that the gene expression of major antioxidant enzymes is not a uniform mechanism in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. Topically decreased gene expression of SOD1 and GSR might facilitate the segmental tissue injury caused by reactive oxygen species.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia * MeSH
• Crohnova nemoc * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• exprese genu * MeSH
• glutathionperoxidasa genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• messenger RNA genetika   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
• střeva MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa 1 * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Background: The goal of our research is to show the effects and impacts of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on acute model wounds in animal subjects. Methods: Three experimental groups were created using injured rabbits (N=36)-randomly divided into three groups (N=12 per group). One group was treated only with standard wound care management. Two groups were additionally treated with HBOT either once or twice a day. The wounds were surgical, uninfected, and in healthy animal test subjects. We compared the immunohistochemical and histological parameters in 4-, 7- and 10-day intervals.Results: The detection of epidermal leaf parameters, the number of microabscesses, the Histopathological Superficial Epithelium Healing Score, Connective Tissue Healing Score, Histopathological Acute Inflammation Score and Total Histopathological Wound Healing Score all showed significant changes between time intervals within the individual groups.Conclusion: The results did not show that HBOT had a significant effect on the healing process of uncomplicated acute wounds.

• Klíčová slova
• Hyperbaric oxygen, Wound healing, Animal models, Adjunctive treatment,
• MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• hojení ran MeSH
• hyperbarická oxygenace * metody   veterinární   MeSH
• králíci zranění   MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci zranění   MeSH

The authors present a case of 74-year-old female patient who suffered a flail chest in motor vehicle accident. First day after injury a descending thoracic aorta was injured, most likely during manipulation with the patient. This injury was verified by operation, which was indicated 26 hours after the hospital admission, because of a sudden decrease of blood pressure with blood loss over 600 ml through the chest tube. The female patient died during surgery despite all efforts. Due to our experience with this rare case and after literature studying, we would recommend to consider early surgical revision. Based on the close contact of severely displaced sharp edges of ribs to the descending aorta, which was visible on the CT scan. Even through the absence of clear leak of contrast in the CT examination. We could resect these parts of ribs. Key words: flail chest, descending thoracic aortic injury.

• MeSH
• fraktury žeber * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• paradoxní dýchání * MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• poranění hrudníku * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• žebra MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

Luxace kolenního kloubu je poměrně vzácný vysokoenergetický úraz s postižením všech struktur kolenního kloubu s výskytem mnoha časných i pozdních komplikací. Zatímco samotná diagnóza nečiní obtíže, komplikace jako poranění a. poplitea nebo rozvoj kompartment syndromu jsou klíčové a mohou uniknout pozornosti a je třeba po nich aktivně pátrat. Autoři v této kazuistice prezentují jeden takový případ luxace kolene s poraněním a. poplitea. Řešením byla revaskularizace popliteopopliteálním bypassem s použitím autologního štěpu v. saphena magna a trombektomie bércových tepen a protektivní fasciotomie pro hrozící kompartment syndrom.

Luxation of the knee joint is a relatively rare high-energy injury with a disability of all knee joints with many early and late complications. While the diagnosis itself does not make it difficult, complications such as lesion of popliteal artery or compartment syndrome are key points and can escape attention and are needed to be actively pursued. One such case of knee luxation with revascularization by popliteopopliteal bypass using the autologous graft v. Saphena magna and thrombectomy of the leg arteries and protective fasciotomy for impending compartment syndrome is presented by the authors in this case study.

• MeSH
• angiografie MeSH
• arteria poplitea * chirurgie   zranění   MeSH
• autologní štěp MeSH
• fasciotomie MeSH
• kompartment syndrom chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• luxace kolena * chirurgie   komplikace   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• tlakový index kotník-paže MeSH
• transplantace cév MeSH
• trombektomie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• roboticky asistované výkony * trendy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• úvodní články MeSH