American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, ISSN 0002-9378 vol. 188, no. 3, suppl., March 2003
3A, S24 s. : il., tab. ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- Diagnostic Techniques, Obstetrical and Gynecological MeSH
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms prevention & control MeSH
- Genital Neoplasms, Female prevention & control MeSH
- Uterine Cervical Diseases prevention & control MeSH
- Conspectus
- Gynekologie. Porodnictví
- NML Fields
- gynekologie a porodnictví
- gynekologie a porodnictví
Znalosti o vylučování SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) jsou významné pro diagnózu, terapii a sledování pacientů s COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). Vzorky získané opakovaným hlubokým nazofaryngeálním výtěrem u kohorty 100 pacientů s COVID-19 byly testovány na přítomnost SARS-CoV-2 RNA pomocí RT-PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction). Medián doby detekovatelnosti virového genomu byl 15 dnů. Autoři dále testovali hypotézu o vztahu mezi závažností průběhu COVID-19 a délkou období, po které je virový genom detekovatelný. Nenalezli statisticky signifikantní rozdíl v trvání virové clearance mezi osobami s mírnou či asymptomatickou infekcí a pacienty se závažným onemocněním.
The knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) shedding is highly relevant to the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). Deep nasopharyngeal swabs repeatedly collected from a cohort of one hundred patients with COVID-19 were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA using RT-PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction). The median period of viral genome detectability was 15 days. Furthermore, the authors tested the hypothesis on the relationship between the severity of COVID-19 and the period in which the viral genome is detectable. They did not find any statistically significant difference in the duration of viral clearance between patients with asymptomatic to mild disease or severe disease.
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV2, RT-PCR, virová clearance,
- MeSH
- Betacoronavirus MeSH
- COVID-19 * MeSH
- Coronavirus Infections MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Pandemics MeSH
- RNA, Viral MeSH
- Pneumonia, Viral MeSH
- Virus Shedding * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
The Feline coronavirus (FCoV) can cause a fatal disease, the Feline Infectious Peritonitis. Persistent shedders represent the most important source of infection. The role of the host in FCoV fecal shedding is unknown. The objective of this study was to develop gene markers and to test their associations with FCoV shedding patterns. Fecal samples were taken from 57 cats of 12 breeds on the day 0 and after 2, 4 and 12 months. Variation from persistent and/or high-intensity shedding to no shedding was observed. Thirteen immunity-related genes were selected as functional and positional/functional candidates. Positional candidates were selected in a candidate region detected by a GWAS analysis. Tens to hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) per gene were identified using next generation sequencing. Associations with different phenotypes were assessed by chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. SNPs of one functional and one positional candidate (NCR1 and SLX4IP, respectively) and haplotypes of four genes (SNX5, NCR2, SLX4IP, NCR1) were associated with FCoV shedding at pcorected < 0.01. Highly significant associations were observed for extreme phenotypes (persistent/high-intensity shedders and non-shedders) suggesting that there are two major phenotypes associated with different genotypes, highly susceptible cats permanently shedding high amounts of viral particles and resistant non-shedders.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- MeSH
- Early Detection of Cancer * methods MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Stomach Neoplasms * diagnosis diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Mass Screening methods standards MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Editorial MeSH
Avian (ortho)reovirus (ARV), which belongs to Reoviridae family, is a major domestic fowl pathogen and is the causative agent of viral tenosynovitis and chronic respiratory disease in chicken. ARV replicates within cytoplasmic inclusions, so-called viral factories, that form by phase separation and thus belong to a wider class of biological condensates. Here, we evaluate different optical imaging methods that have been developed or adapted to follow formation, fluidity and composition of viral factories and compare them with the complementary structural information obtained by well-established transmission electron microscopy and electron tomography. The molecular and cellular biology aspects for setting up and following virus infection in cells by imaging are described first. We then demonstrate that a wide-field version of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching is an effective tool to measure fluidity of mobile viral factories. A new technique, holotomographic phase microscopy, is then used for imaging of viral factory formation in live cells in three dimensions. Confocal Raman microscopy of infected cells provides "chemical" contrast for label-free segmentation of images and addresses important questions about biomolecular concentrations within viral factories and other biological condensates. Optical imaging is complemented by electron microscopy and tomography which supply higher resolution structural detail, including visualization of individual virions within the three-dimensional cellular context.
The aim of this prospective study was to assess the duration of culture-viable SARS-CoV-2 and to monitor the emergence of mutations in a cohort of 23 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) from June 2022 to June 2023. Combined nares/oropharyngeal swabs were collected weekly starting as soon as possible after symptom onset. The time from symptom onset to a negative culture was 11 days (interquartile range, 8-14), while the time to negative reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction was 18 days (interquartile range, 15-30). Beyond the first swab, 21.7% had a positive culture, and 8.7% replicated viable virus for longer than 30 days. T cell depletion (rate ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.9-3.3; P < .001) and time from transplantation (rate ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.90-0.97; P = .006) were associated with the time of viable virus shedding. A cycle threshold value of 24.2 demonstrated a 91.3% negative predictive value of viability (95% credible interval [95% CrI], 76-100). The odds of viability decreased by 69% per week of infection (odds ratio, 0.31; 95% CrI, 0.12-0.76). Overall, ribonucleic acid sequencing did not show accelerated molecular evolution though mutation rate could be increased in molnupiravir-treated KTRs. In conclusion, viable SARS-CoV-2 is eliminated rapidly, the risk of virus evolution is low, and prolonged self-isolation is generally unnecessary for most KTRs.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * virology epidemiology MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Evolution, Molecular * MeSH
- Mutation MeSH
- Transplant Recipients * MeSH
- Prospective Studies MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 * genetics isolation & purification physiology MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Kidney Transplantation * MeSH
- Virus Shedding * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Observational Study MeSH
It has been suggested that passive shedding of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in faeces may occur, but reliable data are missing. Passive shedding assumes the ingestion of MAP in contaminated feed and passive passage through the gastrointestinal tract without causing infection. In this study the presence of MAP in faeces in a closed herd of Limousin cattle was monitored for 53 months using quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) and culture. The initial prevalence of MAP in the herd was determined to be 63.4% and 4.9% using qPCR and culture, respectively. After the removal of two culture- and qPCR-positive (>10(4) MAP cells/g) cows, the prevalence of MAP using qPCR decreased to 42.1% and later to 15.6% and 6.7%. The continuous removal of suspected animals from the herd during the monitoring period minimised the presence of MAP in faeces to sporadic, which may have resulted from a decrease in the environmental infectious pressure. The findings suggest that the presence of low numbers of MAP in bovine faeces may not necessarily be caused by real infection, but rather by passive passage of MAP. This phenomenon should therefore be considered when interpreting MAP qPCR data.
- MeSH
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay veterinary MeSH
- Feces microbiology MeSH
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- Cattle Diseases epidemiology microbiology MeSH
- Paratuberculosis epidemiology microbiology MeSH
- Prevalence MeSH
- Seasons MeSH
- Cattle MeSH
- Bacterial Shedding * MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Cattle MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- France MeSH
The aim of this study was to determine possible differences in the faecal microbiota of dairy cows infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in comparison with noninfected cows from the same herds. Faecal samples from cows in 4 herds were tested for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis by real-time PCR, and faecal bacterial populations were analysed by 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The most notable differences between shedding and nonshedding cows were an increase in the genus Psychrobacter and a decrease in the genera Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, and Bifidobacterium in cows infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. The present study is the first to report the faecal microbial composition in dairy cows infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.
- MeSH
- Feces microbiology MeSH
- Dairying MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis genetics isolation & purification physiology MeSH
- Cattle Diseases microbiology MeSH
- Paratuberculosis microbiology MeSH
- Sequence Analysis, DNA veterinary MeSH
- Cattle microbiology MeSH
- Bacterial Shedding MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Cattle microbiology MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
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