- MeSH
- Adaptation, Psychological MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Cognition MeSH
- Creativity MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Stress, Psychological MeSH
- Personality Development MeSH
- Personality Assessment MeSH
- Life Change Events MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Publication type
- Comparative Study MeSH
Studie ukazuje souvislosti mezi frekvencí různých stylů zvládání (aktivní, znevážení, bezradnost), percipovanou četností každodenních problémů adolescentů a jejich přesvědčením o vlastním vlivu. Tyto vztahy byly zjišťovány zvlášť v několika sociálních kontextech (škola, rodiče, problémy se sebou samým, vrstevníci, opačné pohlaví, volný čas, volba povolání, představy o budoucnosti). Výzkumný soubor tvořilo celkem 563 respondentů (průměrný věk 15,6 let) z různých středních škol. Výsledky ukázaly významný vztah mezi bezradností (pasivní coping) a nízkou percepcí vlivu, a to zejména pro problémy ve škole, s rodiči, s vrstevníky a pro oblast volby povolání. Aktivní přístup k řešení problémů a strategie znevažování problémové situace nesouvisí s přesvědčením o vlastním vlivu. Na druhou stranu, používání pasivních strategií a v některých sociálních kontextech (škola, vztahy s opačným pohlavím, volba povolání, představy o budoucnosti) i frekvence aktivního copingu souvisí s četností problémů.
The study is focused on relationships among frequencies of three coping styles (active, discounting, helplessness), perceived frequency of daily hassles, and perceived control beliefs. These relationships were analyzed separately for specific social context (school, parents, self, peer context, opposite sex, leisure time, future career, future expectations). A sample of 563 respondents (average age 15,6 years old) included students of different high schools. As results revealed, the significant relationships between the passive coping strategy (helplessness) and a low level of perceived control beliefs were found in regard to school problems, problems with parents, problems with peers, and to problems regarding future career. The active coping and the coping strategy of discounting were not related to perceived control beliefs. On the other hand, the strategy of helplessness as well as a using of the active coping (in regard to school problems, problems with the opposite sex, problems regarding future career and future expectations) were related to the frequency of perceived daily hassles.
- MeSH
- Adaptation, Psychological * MeSH
- Adolescent Behavior * MeSH
- Interpersonal Relations * MeSH
- Communication MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent * MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Leisure Activities MeSH
- Parent-Child Relations * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent * MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Objectives. The study is aimed at describing attachment and coping strategies in the prison population, and relations between these two variables were tested. Sample and setting. The sample consisted of 122 men serving middle-security sentences mainly for property crime. The attachment was determined by the Czech version of the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, and coping strategies were measured by The Stress Coping Style Questionnaire SVF 78. Hypotheses. The prisoners’ attachment and coping strategies were expected to be different from those of the normal population. The attachment anxiety and avoidance were expected to be related to coping strategies. Statistical analyses. One sample t-test and Wilcoxon one sample test were used for analyzing the differences in scores between the prison and normal population while the Pearson correlation and linear regression were used to test relations between variables. Results. Inmates were significantly different from the normal population both in their attachment and coping strategies. They exhibited higher attachment anxiety and avoidance compared to the normative sample, fearful avoidant attachment prevailed. Prisoners demonstrated higher Play Down, Distraction from Situation, Substitutional Satisfaction, Flight Tendency, Self-accusation, and Active Avoidance, they exhibited lower Guilt Denial and Rumination. Relational avoidance correlated negatively with positive coping strategies, relational anxiety correlated positively with negative coping strategies. Limitations. The main limitation of this study is the use of a non-representative sample and the self-assessment form of the methods employed.
- MeSH
- Adaptation, Psychological MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Psychology, Adolescent MeSH
- Problem Solving MeSH
- Temperament MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Rané maladaptívne schémy sú emočné vzorce, ktoré sa vytvárajú v detstve ako reakcia na nenaplnené potreby. Spustenie schémy v dospelosti môže vyvolať úzkosť a maladaptívnu reakciu jedinca. V našom výskume (N=87) sme analyzovali súvislosti medzi dimenziami attachmentu v dospelosti, partnerskou spokojnosťou, ranými maladaptívnymi schémami a stratégiami zvládania záťaže. Výsledky sme porovnali u skupiny klientov so závislosťami a u neklinickej populácie. Rané maladaptívne schémy súvisia s vyššou vzťahovou úzkostnosťou i vyhýbavosťou podľa ECR, nižšou partnerskou spokojnosťou a negatívnymi stratégiami zvládania záťaže. Klinická populácia má vyšší súčet raných maladaptívnych schém oproti neklinickej skupine. Pre potvrdenie platnosti bude nutné výsledky overiť v ďalšom výskume s väčšou vzorkou. Výsledky však naznačujú možný význam schém pri vzniku či udržiavaní psychopatológie a podporujú tak princípy schématerapie Jeffreyho Younga.
Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) are emotional patterns, developed during childhood and elaborated throughout one's lifetime. Triggering a schema activates the amygdala system, which can lead to anxiety and maladaptive behaviour in adulthood. In our research (N=87) we analysed the relationship between EMS, adult attachment dimensions, the partnership satisfaction and the negative coping styles in a sample of clients with addictions (49) and in a non-clinical sample (38). EMS were positively related with anxiety and avoidance in relationships and negative coping styles. Partnership satisfaction and EMS indicated a negative correlation. The clinical sample’s EMS were significantly higher compared to the non-clinical group. Further research must be done to confirm our results. Nevertheless, the findings suggest the possible role of EMS in developing psychopathology and thus support the principles of schematherapy.
- Keywords
- raná maladaptivní schémata, dysfunkční schémata,
- MeSH
- Interpersonal Relations MeSH
- Psychology, Clinical * MeSH
- Cognition MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Personal Satisfaction MeSH
- Social Behavior Disorders * MeSH
- Psychology, Positive MeSH
- Object Attachment MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Family Relations MeSH
- Social Perception MeSH
- Stereotyped Behavior MeSH
- General Adaptation Syndrome * MeSH
- Research * MeSH
- Dependency, Psychological MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Cieľom výskumu bola analýza vzťahu medzi osobnostnými štýlmi a zvládaním záťaže. Skúmali sme copingové stratégie na troch hierarchicky usporiadaných úrovniach, ktoré vychádzajú z modelu zvládania R. S. Lazarusa a osobnostné štýly, ktoré vychádzajú z teórie PSI J. Kuhla. Analyzovali sme údaje 139 vysokoškolských študentov (55 mužov a 84 žien). Zistili sme, že najčastejšie využívanou copingovou stratégiou bola sociálna opora a príklonové stratégie zamerané na problém, najvyšší výskyt dosahovali optimistický, lojálny a ochotný osobnostný štýl. Hlavným cieľom výskumu bolo skúmanie vzťahu osobnostných štýlov a copingových stratégií. Osobnostné štýly, pre ktoré je charakteristická vysoká kladná emotívnosť (podieľa sa na tvorbe daného správania), korelujú s príklonovými (aktívnymi) copingovými stratégiami. Osobnostné štýly, pre ktoré sú charakteristické negatívne emócie (tlmia voľné procesy a správanie), korelujú predovšetkým s odklonovými (izolačnými, vyhýbajúcimi sa) stratégiami zvládania záťažových situácií.
Goal of the research was analysis of the relation between personality styles and coping strategies. We examined coping strategies on three hierarchical levels which refers to R.S. Lazarus's model of coping with stress and personality styles, which derived from J. Kuhl´s PSI theory. We analyzed data of 139 university students (55 males and 84 females). We found out, that the most frequent coping strategy was social support and problem focused engagement strategies, highest appearance showed optimistic, loyal and willing personality style. Main purpose of this research was investigation of the relation among personality styles and coping strategies. Personality styles characterized by positive emotivity (participating on production of certain behavior) correlated with engagement (active) coping strategies. Personality styles characterized by negative emotions (dampening volition and behavior) correlated above all to disengagement (insulative, avoiding) coping strategies.
- MeSH
- Adaptation, Psychological * classification MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult psychology statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Personality * classification MeSH
- Psychological Tests statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Students * psychology statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Personality Assessment statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Universities * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult psychology statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
Východiska: Akutní mozkový infarkt (acute cerebral infarction; ACI) je časté cerebrovaskulární onemocnění charakterizované akutním nástupem a závažným stavem. Cíl: Naším cílem bylo posoudit vliv empatie a psychologické intervence win-win na ošetřovatelskou péči o pacienty s ACI v důsledku psychického stresu a vliv různých způsobů zvládání stresu. Metody: Pacienti s ACI (n = 50), kteří byli od června 2021 do prosince 2022 podrobeni rutinní ošetřovatelské intervenci, byli zařazeni do kontrolní skupiny, zatímco pacienti (n = 50), kteří byli od ledna 2023 do června 2024 podrobeni rutinní ošetřovatelské intervenci kombinované s empatií a psychickou intervencí win-win, byli zařazeni do studijní skupiny. Výsledky: Studijní skupina měla vyšší skóre v dimenzi konfrontace, ale nižší skóre v dimenzích vyhýbání se a rezignace než kontrolní skupina (p < 0,05). Skóre General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) se zvýšilo, zatímco skóre Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF) se snížilo ve srovnání s hodnotami před intervencí v obou skupinách. Studijní skupina měla vyšší skóre GSES, ale nižší skóre FoP-Q-SF než kontrolní skupina (p < 0,05). Skóre Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale se v obou skupinách zvýšilo ve srovnání s hodnotami před intervencí (p < 0,05). Závěr: Empatie a psychologická intervence win-win mohou zmírnit psychický stres pacientů s ACI a jejich příbuzných a zlepšit způsoby, jak pacienti zvládají situaci.
Background: Acute cerebral infarction (ACI) is a common cerebrovascular disease characterized by acute onset and severe condition. Aim: We aimed to assess the effect of empathy and win- -win psychological intervention on the nursing of patients with ACI based on psychological stress and coping styles. Methods: ACI patients (N = 50) who were given routine nursing intervention from June 2021 to December 2022 were enrolled as a control group, while patients (N = 50) who were given routine nursing intervention combined with empathy and win-win psychological intervention from January 2023 to June 2024 were enrolled as a study group. Results: The study group had a higher score in the confrontation dimension, but lower scores in the avoidance and resignation dimensions than those from the control group (P < 0.05). The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) score increased, while the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF) score decreased in both groups compared with those before intervention. The study group had a higher GSES score, but a lower FoP-Q-SF score than those from the control group (P < 0.05). The Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale score increased in both groups compared with that before intervention (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Empathy and win-win psychological intervention can alleviate the psychological stress in ACI patients and their relatives, improve patients‘ coping styles.
- Keywords
- psychologická intervence,
- MeSH
- Empathy MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Brain Infarction * nursing psychology MeSH
- Nursing MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Resilience, Psychological MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
