The eland is a large African antelope that can be bred in a temperate climate, under similar conditions and production systems as cattle. However, knowledge of parasites in farmed elands outside the area of their native habitat is still limited, and information concerning factors that influence these parasites is lacking. Therefore, faecal samples from an entire herd of elands, including calves and adult females and males, were examined monthly over a one year period. Almost 84% of the animals were found to be positive for gastrointestinal nematodes. Strongyle-type eggs were most frequently detected (prevalence 75%), followed by Capillaria sp., Nematodirus sp. and Trichuris sp. eggs. Following culturing eggs to infective larvae, Teladorsagia sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Nematodirus sp., Cooperia sp. and Oesophagostomum sp. were identified. Following necropsy of two calves that died during the study one abomasal nematode (Teladorsagia circumcincta), five small intestinal nematode species (Nematodirus helvetianus, N. spathiger, Cooperia oncophora, C. curticei and Capillaria bovis) and two large intestinal nematodes (Oesophagostomum venulosum and Trichuris ovis) were recovered. From these findings, it is evident that the eland harbours nematodes that are typical for domestic cattle and small ruminants. Morphological and morphometric analyses of recovered nematodes revealed that these parasites do not require any special morphological adaptation to establish infection in elands. The faecal output of strongyle-type and Nematodirus sp. eggs was seasonal, with the highest egg production taking place during spring and summer. Calves had higher faecal egg counts (for all the monitored nematode species) than adults did. Lactation in females was significantly (P<0.0001) associated with higher strongyle nematode egg shedding. Social dominance also affected faecal egg count patterns. The lower the hierarchical position among adults (regardless of sex), the higher the risk of nematode infection. This effect was evident for strongyles (P<0.0001) and Capillaria sp. nematodes (P=0.0065). The results of our study suggest that control measures applicable in domestic cattle and small ruminants might be similarly applicable for controlling gastrointestinal nematode infections in captive farmed elands.

• MeSH
• antilopy * MeSH
• chov zvířat MeSH
• feces parazitologie   MeSH
• hlístice klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• laktace MeSH
• nematodózy epidemiologie   parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• parazitární nemoci střev epidemiologie   parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• počet parazitárních vajíček veterinární   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• sociální dominance MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• MeSH
• anthelmintika MeSH
• benzimidazoly MeSH
• feces parazitologie   MeSH
• hlístice účinky léků   MeSH
• léková rezistence MeSH
• ovce parazitologie   MeSH
• počet parazitárních vajíček MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• MeSH
• anthelmintika farmakologie   MeSH
• feces patologie   MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• koně patologie   MeSH
• léková rezistence MeSH
• počet parazitárních vajíček MeSH
• strongyloidóza koní farmakoterapie   MeSH
• thiabendazol farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH

This study focuses on the comparison of three selected modifications of the McMaster counting technique, namely the McMaster method modified by Wetzel (W) and Zajíček (Z), as well as the concentration McMaster technique according to Roepstorff and Nansen (R&N). These modifications differ in the weights of faeces examined (W, 2 g/Z, 1 g/R&N, 4 g), flotation solutions (W, NaCl/Z, MgSO(4) + Na(2)S(2)O(3)/R&N, NaCl + glucose), centrifugation (W, none/Z, 2,000 RPM for 2 min and 2,000 RPM for 1 min/R&N, 1,200 RPM for 5 min), number of McMaster chambers investigated (W, 3/Z, 2/R&N, 2), and multiplication factors used (W, 67/Z, 33/R&N, 20). To investigate the sensitivity and reliability of these methods, nematode eggs (Teladorsagia circumcincta) were used. Parasite elements are distributed through negative binomial distribution in naturally infected host faeces, and the number of parasite elements in a given amount of faeces sample is unknown to man. Therefore, we decided to prepare the exact number of eggs which were added to the parasite negative faeces; the faecal sample was then investigated. From this perspective, this is the first time a comparison of the McMaster methods has been so accurately investigated. This approach allows us to evaluate the real sensitivity and reliability of the tested method. As the findings of this study indicate, the highest sensitivity and reliability were obtained using the Roepstorff and Nansen modification. This McMaster modification is able to detect 20 eggs per sample (in 70% of samples). Concentrations of 200 and 500 eggs can be found in almost 100% of samples. Moreover, this method is simple, cheap and fast. For these reasons, we can recommend this method for routine veterinary practice.

• MeSH
• feces parazitologie   MeSH
• ovce MeSH
• počet parazitárních vajíček metody   MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• Trichostrongyloidea izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

The effect of moxidectin against natural Muellerius capillaris infection in goats was evaluated in this study. Long-acting moxidectin at a single dose of 1 mg kg(-1) body weight was administered to an entire flock (n=10) of goats. The individual faecal larval count reduction was applied as an indicator of treatment efficacy. A significant reduction (>98%) in larval counts was observed in all surveyed animals 14 days after drug administration. Moxidectin demonstrated persistent activity in this study; the mean faecal larval count reduction was 99.1% ± 1.8 on day 77 of the treatment. Macroscopic abnormalities and histological changes in the lungs of two infected goats were evident during the post-mortem examination. The pathological consequences of M. capillaris infection were observed even three months after parasite elimination. The results of this study indicate that moxidectin is a highly effective anthelmintic agent for the control of muelleriosis in goats. This drug provides animals with fifteen weeks of protections against M. capillaris reinfection.

• MeSH
• anthelmintika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• feces parazitologie   MeSH
• kozy MeSH
• larva MeSH
• makrolidy terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Metastrongyloidea fyziologie   MeSH
• nematodózy farmakoterapie   patologie   veterinární   MeSH
• nemoci koz farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• parazitární zátěž veterinární   MeSH
• plíce patologie   MeSH
• počet parazitárních vajíček veterinární   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Piglets from 4 to 8 weeks of age originated from a Cryptosporidium-free research breed were orally inoculated with 1 × 10(6) infectious oocysts of Cryptosporidium scrofarum. The number of shed oocysts per gram of faeces served to describe the infection intensity and prepatent period. In addition, faecal samples collected daily and tissue samples of the small and large intestine collected at 30 days post-inoculation were examined for the C. scrofarum small subunit ribosomal RNA gene using PCR. The piglets inoculated at 4-weeks of age remained uninfected, whereas 5-week-old and older animals were fully susceptible with a prepatent period ranging from 4 to 8 days. Susceptible pigs shed oocysts intermittently, and shedding intensity, reaching a mean maximum of 6000 oocysts per gram, did not differ significantly among infected animals. This study demonstrates that pigs become susceptible to C. scrofarum infection as late as 5-weeks of age. The mechanisms of age related susceptibility remain unknown.

• MeSH
• Cryptosporidium genetika   MeSH
• feces parazitologie   MeSH
• geny rRNA genetika   MeSH
• kryptosporidióza imunologie   patologie   veterinární   MeSH
• nemoci prasat imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• počet parazitárních vajíček MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Monoclonal antibody specific for an epitope of cretory-secretory antigen protein of Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) (Trematoda: Opisthorchiidae) with a molecular weight of 28 kDa was used in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for immobilisation of liver fluke specific antigen to the solid phase. Examination of human sera by this ELISA compared with commercial assays demonstrated that the monoclonal antibody epitope is located within this significant parasite protein. Anti-idiotypic antibody specific for the paratope of this monoclonal antibody was obtained by a hybridoma technique. Mimicking an epitope of excretory-secretory antigen of O. felineus, it had the capacity to bind specific antibody and elicit an antibody response. The value of anti-idiotypic antibody as a substitute for the liver fluke antigen was tested by ELISA using serum samples of infected dogs. Anti-idiotypic antibody proved to be of value in both an indirect-ELISA and a competitive-ELISA for diagnosis of opisthorchiasis. Mature trematodes were isolated from all infected animals. The faecal egg counts were negative in dogs with a relatively small number of parasites, despite finding antibodies in serum by ELISA. Substitution of parasite antigen with anti-idiotype avoids the use of experimental animals and also reduces time-consuming steps of antigen preparation.

• MeSH
• ELISA * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Opisthorchis MeSH
• opistorchióza krev   diagnóza   MeSH
• protilátky anti-idiotypické metabolismus   MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Throughout history, humans have been afflicted by parasitic worms, and eggs are readily detected in archaeological deposits. This study integrated parasitological and ancient DNA methods with a large sample set dating between Neolithic and Early Modern periods to explore the utility of molecular archaeoparasitology as a new approach to study the past. Molecular analyses provided unequivocal species-level parasite identification and revealed location-specific epidemiological signatures. Faecal-oral transmitted nematodes (Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura) were ubiquitous across time and space. By contrast, high numbers of food-associated cestodes (Diphyllobothrium latum and Taenia saginata) were restricted to medieval Lübeck. The presence of these cestodes and changes in their prevalence at approximately 1300 CE indicate substantial alterations in diet or parasite availability. Trichuris trichiura ITS-1 sequences grouped into two clades; one ubiquitous and one restricted to medieval Lübeck and Bristol. The high sequence diversity of T.tITS-1 detected in Lübeck is consistent with its importance as a Hanseatic trading centre. Collectively, these results introduce molecular archaeoparasitology as an artefact-independent source of historical evidence.

• MeSH
• archeologie MeSH
• cizopasní červi klasifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• dějiny 15. století MeSH
• dějiny 16. století MeSH
• dějiny 17. století MeSH
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• feces parazitologie   MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• kulturní evoluce * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• parazitologie MeSH
• počet parazitárních vajíček MeSH
• starobylá DNA analýza   MeSH
• trichurióza epidemiologie   dějiny   parazitologie   MeSH
• Trichuris genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 15. století MeSH
• dějiny 16. století MeSH
• dějiny 17. století MeSH
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Německo MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH

A total of 1,724 beef and 2,941 dairy cattle older than one year from 66 beef and 67 dairy farms in the Czech Republic were examined for the presence of rumen and liver fluke eggs in 2019-2022. Out of 227 positive animals, all were positive for paramphistome and five for fasciolid eggs. Molecular analysis of the ITS2 rDNA revealed the presence of Calicophoron daubneyi (Dinnik, 1962) and Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758. Faecal egg count (FEC) showed low infection intensity (12 EPG) in animals infected with F. hepatica and high variability in C. daubneyi infections (2-589 EPG). Efficacy of oxyclozanide, albendazole, ivermectin, and closantel against C. daubneyi infection was evaluated at eight beef cattle herds. Faecal samples were collected from all positive animals at 0 and 21days post-treatment. Based on FEC, albendazole, ivermectin and closantel reduced the number of C. daubneyi eggs shed by 0-9.9%, with no effect on the number of infected animals. The use of oxyclozanide on two beef farms showed 100% efficacy against C. daubneyi and F. hepatica. Follow-up examination 5-6 months after drug application showed reinfection of most animals with C. daubneyi, but the FEC was significantly lower. The finding of four dairy cows infected with C. daubneyi housed in a stable without pasture suggests the possibility of the infection being introduced through roughage.

• MeSH
• albendazol MeSH
• Fasciola hepatica * genetika   MeSH
• feces MeSH
• infekce červy třídy Trematoda * epidemiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• ivermektin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• oxyklozanid MeSH
• Paramphistomatidae * genetika   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• skot MeSH
• Trematoda * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Anthelmintic resistance (AR) is a serious threat to animal health and has a major economic impact worldwide due to production and financial losses. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of AR on 30 goat farms in Slovakia during the pasturing seasons and to compare three widely used in vitro and in vivo methods for detecting AR in field conditions. A three-year survey was conducted during the pasturing seasons of 2014-2016. Goats on each farm were split into treated and control groups and were treated by recommended (5 mg/kg body weight) and double doses (10 mg/kg b.w.) of albendazole. Comparisons between percent reduction in a faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and an egg hatch test (EHT) and the presence of L3 larvae in a larval development test (LDT) using resistant concentrations of benzimidazole (BZ) were monitored after treatment. The FECRT indicated percent reductions of 69.2-86.2% for the single dose and of 36.3-45.4% for the double dose. The EHT indicated that all farms had BZ-resistant nematodes. Low (<15% hatching) and high (>15% hatching) levels of resistance were detected on 13 and 17 farms, respectively. The LDT failed to detect resistant larvae on seven farms but detected low and high levels of resistance on seven and 14 farms, respectively. The data indicate a moderate correlation between in vitro and in vivo tests for detecting BZ resistance among the 30 goat farms. The hatching detected by the EHT and the presence of L3 larvae by the LDT at resistant BZ concentrations provided reasonable identification of low levels of resistance in the parasite populations, but the use of a double dose for a treatment may underestimate the real occurrence of low levels of resistant parasites on goat farms.

• MeSH
• anthelmintika farmakologie   MeSH
• benzimidazoly farmakologie   MeSH
• Haemonchus anatomie a histologie   účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• kozy parazitologie   MeSH
• larva anatomie a histologie   účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• léková rezistence * MeSH
• Ostertagia anatomie a histologie   účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• Trichostrongylus anatomie a histologie   účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH