Gambling encompasses a wide variety of activities, and the structural characteristics of each form contribute to its potential risk. However, the literature does not fully agree on the risk levels of certain gambling forms. In this study, we classify less risky gambling forms (soft forms) based on public perceptions of their riskiness. We examine the link between gambling experience and problem gambling prevalence. A survey was conducted in a model region of the Czech Republic, a post-socialist country with high gambling availability, with N = 2,498 respondents. A typology of gambling forms (lotteries, betting, and casino games) was created based on perceived risk similarities. Lotteries are the most frequently played gambling form, with 86.3% reporting lifetime participation. Among those who exclusively engage in lottery-type forms, 15 percentage points more women than men participated in the last year, and the gap widens to 31 points over a lifetime. Forms of gambling perceived as more risky show a lower proportion of non-problem gamblers, both for recent and lifetime participation. Furthermore, individuals who gambled within the past month or year are at higher risk of developing gambling problems compared to those whose gambling experiences were less recent.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hráčství * psychologie   klasifikace   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• návykové chování * psychologie   epidemiologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• riskování * MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Escherichia coli is a significant pathogen in extraintestinal infections, and ESBL-producing E. coli poses a major clinical challenge due to its antibiotic resistance. This study comprehensively analyzed E. coli isolates from urine and blood samples of patients with urinary tract and bloodstream infections at three major tertiary hospitals in South Korea. The goal was to provide insights into the distribution, antibiotic resistance, and virulence factors of these strains. Our analysis identified CTX-M and TEM as the dominant ESBL types, found in 71.7% and 61.7% of isolates, respectively, with 46.7% showing co-occurrence. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed the predominance of high-risk clones such as ST131, ST69, ST73, and ST95, with rare sequence types like ST410 and ST405 also identified. The high prevalence of virulence factors, including iutA (80.8%) and kpsMII (74.2%), further highlights the complexity of these strains. In addition, 38.3% of clinical isolates contained a combination of siderophore, adhesin, protectin, and toxin-related genes. There was no significant difference between urinary tract and bloodstream infections or regional differentiation in Korea. This study highlights the importance of controlling ESBL-producing E. coli infections, especially given the increasing incidence among patients with underlying medical conditions and older adults who are more susceptible to urinary tract infections. These findings serve as valuable indicators for pathogen analysis, especially those harboring antibiotic resistance and toxin genes. The insights gained are expected to contribute significantly to the development of infectious disease prevention and control strategies.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriemie * mikrobiologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• beta-laktamasy * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• Escherichia coli * genetika   izolace a purifikace   patogenita   enzymologie   účinky léků   klasifikace   MeSH
• faktory virulence genetika   MeSH
• infekce močového ústrojí * mikrobiologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli * mikrobiologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• proteiny z Escherichia coli genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• virulence MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Korejská republika MeSH

Conflict deeply affects human experiences, frequently testing individual resilience to its breaking point and leaving enduring psychological and societal wounds. The current conflict in Ukraine, initiated by Russia's invasion in 2022, illustrates this phenomenon by altering regional relationships and triggering a major humanitarian crisis marked by extensive displacement, loss of life, and emotional turmoil. This study explores the factors influencing hope and distress in Ukraine alongside six nearby European countries during the ongoing conflict. A cross-sectional survey collected data primarily via internet panel samples from the Czech Republic, Georgia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Ukraine in the second year since the war's initiation. The current study utilised validated instruments, collecting data on levels of hope, distress, individual resilience, community resilience, societal resilience, morale, sense of danger, perceived security threats, and demographic characteristics. Hope and distress levels differ across countries, with Ukraine exhibiting the highest levels of both (3.74 ± 1.02 and 2.89 ± 0.87, respectively). Overall, average scores of hope were higher than average distress levels. Across the regression models for the seven countries, hope showed strong associations with individual (between β = 0.089 and β = 0.327) and societal resilience (between β = 0.206 and β = 0.514), while morale (between β = -0.104 and β = -0.479) and individual resilience (between β = -0.077 and β = -0.335) displayed a protective relationship against distress (all β values were significant, p < 0.01). Monitoring hope and distress is crucial during the Russian-Ukrainian war and other adversities, as these factors give insight into the current and future psychological states of affected populations. The results offer valuable information that can guide the development of tailored strategies to enhance hope and buffer distress in war-impacted countries, as well as those experiencing its broader effects. Fostering individual and societal resilience, alongside enhancing morale, may strengthen hope and mitigate distress amid adversity. Developing targeted interventions that address each population's unique needs, as well as their sociocultural and geopolitical contexts can enhance efficacy.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• naděje * MeSH
• ozbrojené konflikty * psychologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• psychická odolnost * MeSH
• psychický distres * MeSH
• psychický stres * psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Rusko MeSH
• Ukrajina MeSH

Motivations for pornography use may vary across gender identities, sexual orientations, and geographical regions, warranting examination to promote individual and public health. The aims of this study were to validate the Pornography Use Motivations Scale (PUMS) in a diverse, multicultural sample, and develop a short form (PUMS-8) that can assess a wide range of pornography use motivations. Using data from 42 countries (N = 75,117; Mage = 32.07; SDage = 12.37), enabled us to thoroughly evaluate the dimensionality, validity, and reliability of the Pornography Use Motivations Scale (PUMS), leading to the development of the more concise PUMS-8 short scale. Additionally, language-, nationality-, gender-, and sexual-orientation-based measurement invariance tests were conducted to test the comparability across groups. Both the PUMS and the PUMS-8 assess eight pornography use motivations, and both demonstrated excellent psychometric properties. Sexual Pleasure emerged as the most frequent motivation for pornography use across countries, genders, and sexual orientations, while differences were observed concerning other motivations (e.g. self-exploration was more prevalent among gender-diverse individuals than men or women). The motivational background of pornography use showed high similarity in the examined countries. Both the PUMS and the PUMS-8 are reliable and valid measurement tools to assess different types of motivations for pornography use across countries, genders, and sexual orientations. Both scales are recommended for use in research and clinical settings.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• erotika * psychologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• motivace * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky normy   MeSH
• psychometrie * přístrojové vybavení   normy   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• sexuální chování * psychologie   etnologie   MeSH
• srovnání kultur MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• validační studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: Spatial navigation deficits are early symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is the most important genetic risk factor for AD. This study investigated effects of APOE genotype on spatial navigation in biomarker-defined individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and associations of AD biomarkers and atrophy of AD-related brain regions with spatial navigation. METHODS: 107 participants, cognitively normal older adults (CN, n = 48) and aMCI individuals stratified into AD aMCI (n = 28) and non-AD aMCI (n = 31) groups, underwent cognitive assessment, brain MRI, and spatial navigation assessment using the Virtual Supermarket Test with egocentric and allocentric tasks and a self-report questionnaire. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (amyloid-β1-42, phosphorylated tau181 and total tau) and amyloid PET imaging were assessed in aMCI participants. RESULTS: AD aMCI participants had the highest prevalence of APOE ε4 carriers and worst allocentric navigation. CSF levels of AD biomarkers and atrophy in AD-related brain regions were associated with worse allocentric navigation. Between-group differences in spatial navigation and associations with AD biomarkers and regional brain atrophy were not influenced by APOE genotype. Self-reported navigation ability was similar across groups and unrelated to spatial navigation performance. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that allocentric navigation deficits in aMCI individuals are predominantly driven by AD pathology, independent of APOE genotype. This highlights the role of AD pathology as measured by biomarkers, rather than genetic status, as a major factor in navigational impairment in aMCI, and emphasizes the assessment of spatial navigation as a valuable tool for early detection of AD.

• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc * genetika   mozkomíšní mok   diagnostické zobrazování   komplikace   patofyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• amyloidní beta-protein mozkomíšní mok   MeSH
• apolipoprotein E4 * genetika   MeSH
• apolipoproteiny E * genetika   MeSH
• atrofie MeSH
• biologické markery mozkomíšní mok   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce * genetika   mozkomíšní mok   diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mozek patologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• peptidové fragmenty mozkomíšní mok   MeSH
• pozitronová emisní tomografie MeSH
• prostorová navigace * fyziologie   MeSH
• proteiny tau mozkomíšní mok   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Global healthcare disparities, stemming from organizational differences in healthcare systems, lead to variable availability and funding, resulting in a gap between recommended and implemented practices for interleukin (IL)-1-mediated autoinflammatory diseases. We aimed to assess diagnostic, treatment and follow-up options for these diseases in Central and Eastern European countries, comparing them with the 2021 recommendations of the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR). METHODS: In 2023, a structured collaborative effort was organized with representatives from 10 Central and Eastern European countries to address autoinflammatory diseases. The discussion focused on potential strategies to achieve the goals mentioned above. RESULTS: Almost all the participating countries have specialized centers for the diagnosis and treatment of autoinflammatory diseases and the care is provided either by rheumatologists and/or clinical immunologists. Genetic testing is available in all countries, but there is variation in the types of tests offered. Massive parallel sequencing panels for autoinflammatory diseases are available in all countries, with waiting periods for results ranging from 3 to 6 months in most cases. The availability of disease-specific laboratory assessments, such as S100 proteins, is limited. IL-1 inhibitors are available in all countries, but there are differences in practices regarding the licensing and reimbursement of anakinra and canakinumab based on specific indications or diagnoses. The age at which the transition process begins varies, but in most countries, it typically starts around the age of 18 or beyond and in majority of the participating countries there is no structured transition program. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to the 2021 EULAR/ACR recommendations for IL-1-mediated autoinflammatory diseases is achievable in Central and Eastern European countries. Determining the prevalence and incidence of these diseases in this region remains a persistent challenge for future research efforts, with the overarching goal of identifying new patients with autoinflammatory diseases.

• MeSH
• dědičné zánětlivé autoimunitní nemoci * diagnóza   terapie   farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• interleukin-1 * antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• východní Evropa MeSH

BACKGROUND: Studies of correlates of active transport to and from school (ATS) focus mainly on children, have a limited conceptualisation of ATS trips, lack heterogeneity in built environments, and rarely consider effect modifiers. This study aimed to estimate associations of parent-perceived neighbourhood environment characteristics with self-reported ATS among adolescents from 14 countries, and whether associations differ by sex, city/region, and distance to school. METHODS: Observational cross-sectional design. Data were from the International Physical activity and Environment Network (IPEN) Adolescent study and included 6302 adolescents (mean age 14.5 ± 1.7 years, 54% girls) and a caretaker from 16 diverse sites. Adolescents self-reported usual travel to and from school by walking and bicycling (days/week) and time it would take to walk. Parents completed the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale for Youth (13 scores computed). Generalised additive mixed models estimated associations of parent neighbourhood perceptions with 1) any active transport to/from school, 2) regular walking (5-10 times/week), 3) regular cycling to/from school, and 4) profiles of ATS generated using latent profile analyses. Interactions were also explored. RESULTS: Overall, 58.7% reported any ATS, 39.9% regularly walked, 7.7% regularly cycled, and four profiles of ATS were identified: walk to and from school; walk from school; cycle to and from school; no ATS. Distance to school was negatively associated with all outcomes, though evidence was weak for regular cycling to/from school. Land use mix - diversity was positively related to all ATS outcomes except those related to cycling. Accessibility and walking facilities were associated with higher odds of any ATS, regular walking to/from school, and the profile walking to and from school. Residential density was negatively related to regular cycling to/from school. Positive associations were observed between traffic safety and any ATS, and between safety from crime, aesthetics, and odds of regular cycling to/from school. Distance to school, adolescent sex, and city moderated several associations. CONCLUSIONS: Parent perceptions of compact, mixed-use development, walking facilities, and both traffic and crime-related safety were important supportive correlates of a range of ATS outcomes among adolescents in high- and low-middle-income countries. Policies that achieve these attributes should be prioritised to support more widespread ATS.

• MeSH
• charakteristiky bydlení * MeSH
• charakteristiky okolí bydliště * MeSH
• chůze * MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• cyklistika MeSH
• doprava * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• percepce MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rodiče * psychologie   MeSH
• školy * MeSH
• vytvořené prostředí MeSH
• životní prostředí - projekt * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH

Cíl: Cílem longitudinální studie bude zjistit rozdíly v 24hodinovém pohybovém chování (24hMB) (tj. spánku, sedavém chování (SB) a pohybové aktivitě (PA)) u českých dětí po jejich přestupu z mateřské do základní školy (ZŠ) (resp. z první/druhé třídy ZŠ do vyšších ročníků ZŠ) s ohledem na socioekonomické zázemí rodin, výskyt nadměrné tělesné hmotnosti účastníků či účasti v organizované PA. Metodika: 24hMB bude monitorováno po dobu 7 dnů pomocí akcelerometrů ActiGraph u rodin z městských a venkovských obcí z regionů Čech, Moravy a Slezska, jejichž členové dokončili první etapu výzkumu v období března 2022 až května 2023. Celkem 260 rodin, které dokončily první etapu výzkumu, poskytlo v rodinném deníku kontaktní údaje a nevyloučilo možnost pokračovat ve výzkumu ve druhé etapě v roce 2025/2026. Rodinný deník bude kromě informací o každodenním času uléhání/vstávání, době trávené před obrazovkou/monitorem/displejem obsahovat i informace o účasti v organizované PA, antropometrická data a údaje o rodinném zázemí. Výsledky: Z první etapy výzkumu vyplynulo, že celkem 25,9 % dívek a 26,7 % chlapců splnilo všechna tři doporučení ke spánku, PA a SB současně a dalších 44,7 % dívek a 46,1 % chlapců dosáhlo alespoň kombinaci dvou z těchto tří doporučení, bez rozdílů mezi pohlavím, věkovou kategorií nebo úrovní tělesné hmotnosti dětí. Nadměrná tělesná hmotnost matek významně (p < 0,05) snížila šanci dětí dosáhnout alespoň dvou ze tří doporučení, zatímco vysokoškolské vzdělání rodičů a dodržování alespoň dvou ze tří doporučení matkami významně (p < 0,05) zvýšilo pravděpodobnost, že také děti doporučení dodrží. Účast dětí v organizované PA významně (p < 0,05) zvyšuje jejich šanci na dosažení alespoň dvou ze tří doporučení k 24hMB. Závěry: První etapa longitudinálního výzkumu poukázala na stěžejní rodinné faktory (úroveň vzdělání rodičů, matčina úroveň tělesné hmotnosti a míra dosažení doporučení k 24hMB, podpora aktivní účasti dětí v organizované PA) zvyšující šanci dětí ke splnění zdravotních doporučení pro 24hMB.

Objective: The aim of this longitudinal study will be to investigate the differences in 24-hour movement behaviour (24hMB) (i.e., sleep, sedentary behaviour (SB) and physical activity (PA)) in Czech children after their transition from kindergarten to primary school (or from first/second grade to upper grades of primary school) with respect to the socioeconomic background of families, the prevalence of overweight participants or participation in organised PA. Methods: 24hMB will be monitored for seven days using ActiGraph accelerometers in families from urban and rural areas in the Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia regions, whose members completed the first phase of the study between March 2022 and May 2023. The 260 families who finished the first phase of the research provided their contact details in the family diary and have not ruled out the possibility of participating in the second phase in 2025/2026. The family diary will include information on daily bedtime and wake-up times, screen time, and participation in organised PA, as well as anthropometric data and family background information. Results: The findings from the first phase of the research showed that a total of 25.9% of girls and 26.7% of boys met all three guidelines on sleep, PA and SB simultaneously, and 44.7% of girls and 46.1% of boys achieved at least a combination of two of the three guidelines. No differences were observed between gender, age, or body weight levels of the children. Maternal excess body weight significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the odds of children achieving at least two of the three guidelines, whereas parental higher education and maternal adherence to at least two of the three guidelines significantly (p < 0.05) increased the odds that children also complied with the guidelines. Children’s participation in organised PA significantly (p < 0.05) increased their chances of achieving at least two of the three 24hMB guidelines. Conclusions: The first phase of the longitudinal research highlighted key family factors (parental education level, mother’s body weight, adherence to 24hMB guidelines, and support for children’s active participation in organised PA) that increase children’s chances of meeting guidelines for 24hMB.

• Klíčová slova
• studie FAMIPASS,
• MeSH
• akcelerometrie MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• pohybová aktivita * MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• sedavý životní styl * MeSH
• spánek MeSH
• vztahy mezi rodiči a dětmi MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Medical students experience worse psychological well-being than the general population. Social determinants of health (SDOH) relate to conditions in which people live, work, and age and significantly influence mental health. This study examines the association between depressive symptoms and SDOH in medical students from four countries: Czechia, Iran, Kenya, and Venezuela. METHODS: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in the spring of 2022. The questionnaire focused on depressive symptoms (using a validated psychiatric scale DASS-21 to assess mental health) and various SDOHs. RESULTS: A total of 2,033 medical students participated in the survey, with a median age of 23.0 years; 64.8% were females; 60.8% of respondents had some degree of depressive symptoms (mild-to-moderate 32.5%, severe-to-extremely severe 28.3%). Several SDOHs, such as low engagement in social life, low personal funds, and low social class, were strongly associated with severe-to-extremely severe depressive symptoms (p < 0.001), and the associations differed among countries. The prevalence of severe-to-extremely severe depressive symptoms varied significantly across the four countries, with Iran having the highest prevalence (OR = 2.1 compared to Czechia), followed by Czechia (OR = 1, reference value), Kenya (OR = 0.9), and Venezuela (OR = 0.6). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates the high prevalence of depressive symptoms among medical students from four global regions and the significant association with specific SDOH. Notably, the variation in prevalence across countries and differential relationships with SDOH underscore the importance of considering transcultural factors in research and management to improve mental health among medical students.

• MeSH
• deprese * epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sociální determinanty zdraví * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• studenti lékařství * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Írán MeSH
• Keňa MeSH
• Venezuela MeSH

The aim of this study was to analyse the allelic distribution of selected genes in the Czech and Vietnamese populations. We analysed samples from 94 Vietnamese volunteers and 2,859 Czech population-based subjects (2,559 from the Czechs post-MONICA and 300 volunteers from the South region of the Czech Republic). There were significant differences between the two populations for most, but not all, of the SNPs analysed. In particular, the prevalence of risk alleles in the analysed polymorphisms tended to be lower in the Vietnamese community compared to the Czech population, especially within the FTO (rs17817449; associated with obesity risk, P < 0.0001), TCF7L2 (rs7903146; linked to type 2 dia-betes, P < 0.0001) and ADH1B (rs1229984; related to alcohol consumption, P < 0.0001) genes. The genotype within the MCM6/LCT cluster (rs4988235) associated with lactase persistence was not present in the Vietnamese population. Slight genotype differences were detected for one HFE polymorphism (rs1799945 with P = 0.005; but not for rs1800562). Only the genotype frequencies within the MC4R and APOE genes were almost identical in both populations. We conclude that the Vietnamese population may have a lower genetic predisposition to the non-communicable diseases such as obesity or diabetes mellitus.

• MeSH
• Asijci * genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• frekvence genu genetika   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus genetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• menšiny * MeSH
• obyvatelé jihovýchodní Asie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Vietnam MeSH