secondary analysis
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A comparison of results of school surveys focusing on drugs in the population of Czech sixteen-year-olds was carried out with regard to the impact of the amendment to the Criminal Code (“drug-related sections”) applicable since 1999. In particular, the results of two studies: ESPAD and MládeÏ and drogy (Youth and Drugs) were compared concerning own experiences with drugs, attitudes towards and informedness about them. It is quite surprising that we can state that the increase in several negative indicators among Czech sixteen-year-olds has decelerated or nearly stopped – most likely even before the implementation of the amendment. The period, starting in 1996 – 1999 and ending in 2000 – 2001 witnessed a differentiation of experiences and attitudes towards illicit drugs in the group of sixteen-year-olds. The differentiation is based on different trends of so-called hard drugs (heroin, pervitin) and other drugs. As far as heroin and pervitin are concerned, prevalence and availability have most likely stagnated, coupled with an increase in awareness of their harmful and antisocial effects. As far as marijuana, ecstasy and hallucinogenic drugs are concerned, it is possible to state that this favourable trend did not take place. It is not likely that there was a connection between the above-mentioned changes and the amendment in question.
- MeSH
- abúzus marihuany MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- návykové chování MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním opiátů MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- školy MeSH
- závislost na heroinu MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Naturally occurring secondary amino acids, with proline as the main representative, contain an alpha-imino group in a cycle that is typically four-, five-, and six-membered. The unique ring structure exhibits exceptional properties-conformational rigidity, chemical stability, and specific roles in protein structure and folding. Many proline analogues have been used as valuable compounds for the study of metabolism of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and for the synthesis of compounds with desired biological, pharmaceutical, or industrial properties. The D-forms of secondary amino acids play different roles in living organisms than the L-forms. They have different metabolic pathways, biological, physiological, and pharmacological effects, they can be indicators of changes and also serve as biomarkers of diseases. In the scientific literature, the number of articles examining D-amino acids in biological samples is increasing. The review summarises information on the occurrence and importance of D- and L-secondary amino acids-azetidic acid, proline, hydroxyprolines, pipecolic, nipecotic, hydroxypipecolic acids and related peptides containing these D-AAs, as well as the main analytical methods (mostly chromatographic) used for their enantiomeric determination in different matrices (biological samples, plants, food, water, and soil).
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny * chemie MeSH
- iminokyseliny * chemie MeSH
- peptidy MeSH
- prolin chemie MeSH
- stereoizomerie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Předložená práce se zabývá problematikou hraní na automatech mezi mladými lidmi navštěvujícími učební obor kuchař-číšník. K získání dat byl použit modifikovaný dotazník studie ESP AD (The European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs). Dotazníky vyplnilo 117 učňů (věkové rozpětí od 16 do 20 let). K orientačnímu porovnání bylo použito výsledků studie ESP AD. Výsledky studie potvrdily větší tendence k hraní na automatech u chlapců než u dívek a souvislost mezi kouřením cigaret, pitím alkoholu a hraním na automatech. Oproti výsledkům studie ESPAD vykazují budoucí číšníci a kuchaři vyšší procentuální zastoupení kuřáků cigaret, konzumentů alkoholu a hráčů na automatech. Také užívání kanabinoidů korelovalo u sledovaného souboru s vyšší četností hraní na automatech. Tento vztah se neprokázal v oblasti užívání jiných drog. Respondenti často hrající ve vysokém procentu nevěří v odhalení systému, podle kterého automat pracuje, a ani neočekávají zisk většího obnosu peněz. 46,2 % respondentů se domnívá, že lze udržet hraní pod kontrolou, zbytek je přesvědčeno o opaku. Analýza odpovědí na otázky v Eysenckově osobnostním dotazníku (EPQ) prokázala, že psychoticismus je dominujícím osobnostním rysem u respondentů, kteří byli zařazeni do skupiny s výraznějším rizikem vzniku gamblerství.
The submitted paper deals with the problem of gambling among young apprentices - training to become cooks and waiters. To assemble the data a modified questionnaire of the ESPAD survey was used (The European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs). The questionnaire was completed by 117 apprentices (age 16-20 years). For preliminary comparison the results of the ESPAD study were used. The results of the survey confirmed that there was a stronger tendency to gamble among boys as compared with girls and a relationship between cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and gambUng. As compared with the ESPAD results the future waiters and cooks comprise more cigarette smokers, consumers of alcohol and gamblers. Also the use of cannabinoids correlated in the investigated group with a higher rate of gambling. This relationship was not proved as far as other drugs are concerned. Many of the respondents do not believe that they will reveal the system by which the gambling machine works and do not expect to win a major sum of money. 46.2% of the respondents believe that gambling can be kept under control, the remainder believe the opposite. Analysis of the replies in Eyseneck s personality quesionnaire (EPQ) provided evidence that psychoticism is the dominating personality feature of respondents who were included in the group with a major risk of the development of gambling.
- MeSH
- hráčství MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- návykové chování MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- studenti MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
... chemical challenge of the metabolome -- Sampling and sample preparation -- Analytical tools -- Data analysis ...
Wiley-Interscience series in mass spectrometry
xv, 311 s. : il., tab. ; 25 cm
- MeSH
- fyziologie buňky MeSH
- genomika metody MeSH
- metabolismus MeSH
- systémová biologie metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
- NLK Obory
- biochemie
Autori analyzovali vzťah medzi výskytom predpokladaných príznakov generalizácie zápalovej odpovede počas skorej postagresívnejfázy a klinickým vývojom v skupine pacientov identifikovaných ako vysoko rizikových pre vývoj sekundárneho MODS. Ako príznaky generalizácie zápalovej odpovede použili pozitívnu vodnú bilanciu, pokles sérovej koncentrácie albumínu, pokles počtu trombocytov, pokles aktivity ATIII, a pozitivitu testu na D-dimér/FDP usporiadaných do jednoduchého algoritmu. Výsledky analýzy ukázali, že pri použití uvedených príznakov je možné identifikovať generalizáciu zápalovej odpovede a súčasne „skutočne rizikový vývoj" už počas latentnej fázy sekundárneho MODS.
Authors have analysed relationship between supposed signs of generalisation of inflammatory response in the course of early postaggressiv period and the outcome in group identificated as high risk for secondary MODS development. As signs of generalisation of inflammatory response were taken signs of systetnic endothelium injury (positive fluid balance, S-albumin decrease, thrombocytopenia, low level of ATIII activity and D-dimer/FDP positivity). In their results authors can identify with signs mentioned above generalisation of inflammatory response and at the same time „ really risk development" even in the course of latent period of secondary MODS.
- MeSH
- antiflogistika terapeutické užití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- multiorgánové selhání etiologie patologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- péče o pacienty v kritickém stavu metody MeSH
- riziko MeSH
- vitaminy terapeutické užití MeSH
- zánět krev patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Recently, concerns regarding the safety of red yeast rice (RYR) have been raised after the publication of some case reports claiming toxicity. Since the previous meta-analyses on the effects of RYR were mainly focused on its efficacy to improve lipid profile and other cardiovascular parameters, we carried out a meta-analysis on safety data derived from the available randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). Primary outcomes were musculoskeletal disorders (MuD). Secondary outcomes were non-musculoskeletal adverse events (Non-MuD) and serious adverse events (SAE). Subgroups analyses were carried out considering the intervention (RYR alone or in association with other nutraceutical compounds), monacolin K administered daily dose (≤3, 3.1-5 or >5 mg/day), follow-up (>12 or ≤12 weeks), with statin therapy or statin-intolerance and type of control treatment (placebo or statin treatment). Data were pooled from 53 RCTs comprising 112 treatment arms, which included 8535 subjects, with 4437 in the RYR arm and 4303 in the control one. Monacolin K administration was not associated with increased risk of MuD (odds ratio (OR) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53,1.65). Moreover, we showed reduced risk of Non-MuD (OR = 0.59, 95%CI 0.50, 0.69) and SAE (OR = 0.54, 95%CI 0.46, 0.64) vs. control. Subgroups analyses confirmed the high tolerability profile of RYR. Furthermore, increasing daily doses of monacolin K were negatively associated with increasing risk of Non-MuD (slope: -0.10; 95%CI: -0.17, -0.03; two-tailed p < 0.01). Based on our data, RYR use as lipid-lowering dietary supplement seems to be overall tolerable and safe in a large kind of moderately hypercolesterolaemic subjects.
L-amino acids (L-AAs) play different important roles in the physiology of all living organisms. Their chiral counterparts, D-amino acids (D-AAs) are increasingly being recognized as essential molecules in many biological systems. Secondary amino acids with cyclic structures, such as prolines, exhibit conformational rigidity and thus unique properties in the structural and protein folding. Despite their widespread occurrence, much less attention was paid to their chiral analysis, particularly when the minor, typically D-enantiomer, is present in low amounts in a complex biological matrix. In this paper, a cost-effective, chiral GC-MS method is described for capillary Chirasil-L-Val separation of nine cyclic secondary amino acid enantiomers with four-, five-, and six-membered rings, involving azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, pipecolic acid, nipecotic acid, proline, isomeric cis/trans 3-hydroxy, 4-hydroxyproline, and cis/trans-5-hydroxy-L-pipecolic acid in the excess of its enantiomeric antipode. The sample preparation involves in-situ derivatization with heptafluorobutyl chloroformate, simultaneous liquid-liquid micro-extraction into isooctane followed by amidation of the arising low-polar derivatives with methylamine, an evaporation step, re-dissolution, and final GC-MS analysis. The developed method was used for analyses of human biofluids, biologically active peptides containing chiral proline constituents, and collagen.
- MeSH
- fluorokarbony chemie MeSH
- formiáty chemie MeSH
- iminokyseliny analýza chemie MeSH
- kalibrace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methylaminy chemie MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí metody normy MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- stereoizomerie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
