Kazuistika popisuje případ pacienta s karcinomem pankreatu, který po operaci a adjuvantní terapii časně progredoval do metastatického stadia. Paliativní systémová léčba v rámci první linie (gemcitabin + nab-paclitaxel) a druhé linie (pegylovaný iiposomáiní irinotekan + 5-fluorouracii) přinesla pacientovi významný benefit v prodloužení celkového přežití i doby do progrese při zachování dobré kvality života.
This case report describes a patient with pancreatic cancer that progressed to metastatic stage after surgery and adjuvant therapy. Palliative systemic therapy in the first line (gemcitabine + nab-pacLitaxeL) and second Line (pegylated Liposomal irinotecan + 5-FU) provided significant benefit in prolonging overall survival and time to progression while maintaining good quality of Life. The side effect of ototoxicity associated with nab-pacLitaxeL was also noted.
The contents of endogenous brassinosteroids (BRs) together with various aspects of plant morphology, water management, photosynthesis and protection against cell damage were assessed in two maize genotypes that differed in their drought sensitivity. The presence of 28-norbrassinolide in rather high quantities (1-2 pg mg-1 fresh mass) in the leaves of monocot plants is reported for the first time. The intraspecific variability in the presence/content of the individual BRs in drought-stressed plants is also described for the first time. The drought-resistant genotype was characterised by a significantly higher content of total endogenous BRs (particularly typhasterol and 28-norbrassinolide) compared with the drought-sensitive genotype. On the other hand, the drought-sensitive genotype showed higher levels of 28-norcastasterone. Both genotypes also differed in the drought-induced reduction/elevation of the levels of 28-norbrassinolide, 28-norcastasterone, 28-homocastasterone and 28-homodolichosterone. The differences observed between both genotypes in the endogenous BR content are probably correlated with their different degrees of drought sensitivity, which was demonstrated at various levels of plant morphology, physiology and biochemistry.
- MeSH
- brassinosteroidy farmakologie MeSH
- fotosyntéza * MeSH
- fyziologický stres * MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- kukuřice setá účinky léků genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- listy rostlin účinky léků genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- období sucha * MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin farmakologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
A comparative analysis of various parameters that characterize plant morphology, growth, water status, photosynthesis, cell damage, and antioxidative and osmoprotective systems together with an iTRAQ analysis of the leaf proteome was performed in two inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) differing in drought susceptibility and their reciprocal F1 hybrids. The aim of this study was to dissect the parent-hybrid relationships to better understand the mechanisms of the heterotic effect and its potential association with the stress response. The results clearly showed that the four examined genotypes have completely different strategies for coping with limited water availability and that the inherent properties of the F1 hybrids, i.e. positive heterosis in morphological parameters (or, more generally, a larger plant body) becomes a distinct disadvantage when the water supply is limited. However, although a greater loss of photosynthetic efficiency was an inherent disadvantage, the precise causes and consequences of the original predisposition towards faster growth and biomass accumulation differed even between reciprocal hybrids. Both maternal and paternal parents could be imitated by their progeny in some aspects of the drought response (e.g., the absence of general protein down-regulation, changes in the levels of some carbon fixation or other photosynthetic proteins). Nevertheless, other features (e.g., dehydrin or light-harvesting protein contents, reduced chloroplast proteosynthesis) were quite unique to a particular hybrid. Our study also confirmed that the strategy for leaving stomata open even when the water supply is limited (coupled to a smaller body size and some other physiological properties), observed in one of our inbred lines, is associated with drought-resistance not only during mild drought (as we showed previously) but also during more severe drought conditions.
- MeSH
- aklimatizace MeSH
- chiméra genetika fyziologie MeSH
- fotosyntéza MeSH
- fyziologický stres MeSH
- hybridní efekt * MeSH
- kukuřice setá anatomie a histologie genetika fyziologie MeSH
- listy rostlin anatomie a histologie genetika fyziologie MeSH
- období sucha MeSH
- proteom analýza metabolismus MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny analýza metabolismus MeSH
- voda metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Prezentujeme případ 73letého nemocného s anamnézou opakovaného výskytu a excize kožních tumorů, konkrétně bazaliomů a dlaždicobuněčných karcinomů, pro které byl dispenzarizován dermatologem bez známky recidivy nádorového onemocnění. Pro nechutenství a váhový úbytek byl odeslán praktickým lékařem ke koloskopii. Endoskopie a následně další vyšetřovací metody prokázaly metastazující maligní melanom bez známého primárního origa s postižením většiny trávicí trubice a dalších orgánů. Článek shrnuje informace o tomto agresivním nádoru, který je jednou z nejčastějších příčin metastatického postižení trávicího traktu.
A case of a 73-year-old man with a history of multiple cutaneous tumors treated by surgical excision is presented. The patient was thoroughly followed up by a dermatologist without any sign of recurrence. However, the patient was referred for colonoscopy after showing signs of anorexia and weight loss. Endoscopy and further examination revealed a malignant melanoma with an unknown primary site that had metastasized to the gastrointestinal tract and other organs. The article summarizes information about this aggressive disease, which is one of the most common causes of gastrointestinal metastases.
- MeSH
- gastrointestinální nádory * diagnóza patologie sekundární MeSH
- gastroskopie MeSH
- kolonoskopie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- melanom * diagnóza patologie MeSH
- metastázy nádorů diagnóza MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- bevacizumab * aplikace a dávkování farmakokinetika škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky MeSH
- hypertenze chemicky indukované MeSH
- játra chirurgie MeSH
- kolorektální nádory * farmakoterapie MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metastázy nádorů * farmakoterapie MeSH
- nádory jater farmakoterapie radiografie sekundární MeSH
- nežádoucí účinky léčiv * MeSH
- pozitronová emisní tomografie MeSH
- pozorné vyčkávání MeSH
- proteinurie chemicky indukované MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- terapeutická embolizace MeSH
- tomografie emisní počítačová MeSH
- udržovací chemoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Current knowledge of the genetic mechanisms underlying the inheritance of photosynthetic activity in forest trees is generally limited, yet it is essential both for various practical forestry purposes and for better understanding of broader evolutionary mechanisms. In this study, we investigated genetic variation underlying selected chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) parameters in structured populations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) grown on two sites under non-stress conditions. These parameters were derived from the OJIP part of the ChlF kinetics curve and characterize individual parts of primary photosynthetic processes associated, for example, with the exciton trapping by light-harvesting antennae, energy utilization in photosystem II (PSII) reaction centers (RCs) and its transfer further down the photosynthetic electron-transport chain. An additive relationship matrix was estimated based on pedigree reconstruction, utilizing a set of highly polymorphic single sequence repeat markers. Variance decomposition was conducted using the animal genetic evaluation mixed-linear model. The majority of ChlF parameters in the analyzed pine populations showed significant additive genetic variation. Statistically significant heritability estimates were obtained for most ChlF indices, with the exception of DI0/RC, φD0 and φP0 (Fv/Fm) parameters. Estimated heritabilities varied around the value of 0.15 with the maximal value of 0.23 in the ET0/RC parameter, which indicates electron-transport flux from QA to QB per PSII RC. No significant correlation was found between these indices and selected growth traits. Moreover, no genotype × environment interaction (G × E) was detected, i.e., no differences in genotypes' performance between sites. The absence of significant G × E in our study is interesting, given the relatively low heritability found for the majority of parameters analyzed. Therefore, we infer that polygenic variability of these indices is selectively neutral.
- MeSH
- borovice lesní genetika fyziologie MeSH
- chlorofyl fyziologie MeSH
- fluorescence MeSH
- fotosyntetické reakční centrum - proteinové komplexy fyziologie MeSH
- fotosyntéza genetika MeSH
- fotosystém II - proteinový komplex fyziologie MeSH
- genetická variace * MeSH
- genotyp * MeSH
- kvantitativní znak dědičný * MeSH
- lesy MeSH
- rostlinné geny MeSH
- stromy genetika fyziologie MeSH
- světlo MeSH
- transport elektronů MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Kolorektální karcinom patří mezi nejčastější nádorová onemocnění. V posledních letech je zaznamenán obrovský pokrok v léčbě metastatického onemocnění. Ke klasickým cytostatikům již standardně podáváme cílenou léčbu. Indikují ji onkologové v komplexních onkologických centrech, kteří zároveň celou léčbu vedou. Nicméně s nežádoucími účinky této terapie se mohou setkat jak praktičtí lékaři, tak odborníci z jiných medicínských odvětví. K úspěšnému zvládnutí toxicity léčby je nepochybně důležitá spolupráce nejen pacienta, ale i lékařů různých odborností, kteří o pacienta pečují.
Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common tumors. In the last few years, we have seen a tremendous improvement in the treatment of its metastases. It became a standard to combine classical chemotherapy with targeted treatment. The entire care is being indicated and organized by oncologists in complex oncological centers. However, adverse effects of this therapy may be encountered by general practitioners and physicians specialized in other disciplines than oncology, too. Prerequisites of successful management of treatment toxicity include the cooperation with patients but also with medical specialists involved in care for these patients.
- Klíčová slova
- regorafenib, penitumumab, anti-VEGF terapie, AVASTIN, Vectibix, Erbitux,
- MeSH
- antitumorózní látky * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- bevacizumab farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- cetuximab farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- cílená molekulární terapie * MeSH
- erbB receptory antagonisté a inhibitory terapeutické užití MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- kolorektální nádory * farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- nežádoucí účinky léčiv MeSH
- protokoly protinádorové léčby MeSH
- receptory vaskulárního endoteliálního růstového faktoru antagonisté a inhibitory terapeutické užití MeSH
- vaskulární endoteliální růstové faktory antagonisté a inhibitory terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
The aim of this study was to show whether/how the application of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide can affect the content of ecdysteroids in spinach leaves. Brassinosteroids and ecdysteroids, structurally related phytosterols, show effect on a range of processes in plants. Brassinosteroids increase biomass yield in some species, photosynthesis and resistance to stress, and ecdysteroids show effect on proteins responsible for binding of CO2 or water cleavage. The mutual interaction of these sterols in plants is unclear. The UPLC-(+)ESI-MS/MS analyses of extracts of treated and untreated spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves show that the application of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide does influence the ecdysteroid content in plant tissues. The response differs for the major ecdysteroids and also differs from that for the minor ones and is dependent on the developmental stage of the leaves within the same plant or the 24-epibrassinolide concentration applied.
- MeSH
- klinické praxe MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory slinivky břišní * terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
