Ionic liquids are increasingly used for their superior properties. Four water-immiscible ionic liquids (butyltriethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, octyltriethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, dodecyltriethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) and their water miscible precursors (bromides) were synthesized in a microwave reactor and by conventional heating. The best conditions for microwave-assisted synthesis concerning the yield and the purity of the product are proposed. The heating in the microwave reactor significantly shortened the reaction time. Biocide and ecotoxic effects of synthesized ionic liquids and their precursors were investigated. All tested compounds had at least a little effect on the growth or living of microorganisms (bacteria or mold). The precursor dodecyltriethylammonium bromide was found to be the strongest biocide, but posed a risk to the aquatic environment due to its relatively high EC50 value in the test with Vibrio fischeri. We assumed that apart from the alkyl chain length, the solubility in water, duration of action, or type of anion can influence the final biocide and ecotoxic effect.
- MeSH
- Aliivibrio fischeri účinky léků MeSH
- amoniové sloučeniny chemie MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemická syntéza farmakologie MeSH
- antifungální látky chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- ekotoxikologie metody MeSH
- imidazoly chemie MeSH
- iontové kapaliny chemická syntéza farmakologie MeSH
- kvartérní amoniové sloučeniny chemická syntéza farmakologie MeSH
- mikrovlny MeSH
- preklinické hodnocení léčiv metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) is considered as one of the options for reducing CO2 emissions. CCS can be applied to large point sources of CO2, such as power plants and in large industrial processes. The CO2 capture is to produce a concentrated stream of highpressure CO2. The capture systems typically employ absorption of CO2 from flue gases with CO2 concentration up to 15 %. The oxygen-fuel systems use oxygen instead of air for fuel combustion to produce mainly water vapour and CO2 (more than 80 %); the water vapour is easily removed by cooling. In precombustion capture, the fuel is converted to CO2 (15-60 %) and H2 at high pressure; then CO2 is separated by adsorption or absorption. The emerging capture technologies require development of largescale membrane separation processes, novel absorption solvents and sorbents, membrane-absorbent systems, hightemperature oxygen transport membranes for oxygen production, oxyfuelling via chemical looping, combined reaction/ separation systems and new high-temperature materials.
