Introduction: The coronavirus epidemic caught the world by surprise. The already overburdened and understaffed health sector faced new challenges that made the daily lives of health workers even more difficult. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent of burnout and symptoms of depression in health workers, and their association with work in COVID care and other sociodemographic and workplace factors. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from 27 January 2022 to 14 February 2022 with a self-constructed questionnaire. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and Spearman correlations (p < 0.05). Results: Of the 10,285 Hungarian respondents who completed the questionnaire, 42.3% suffered from varying degrees of depression and 64.4% from burnout. These two psychological factors are significantly associated with marital status, sex, number of years in health care, levels of health care, and the length of time working in COVID care. A high degree of burnout and severe depression will result in a negative assessment of the COVID vaccine. The older the respondent, the lower the levels of depression and burnout. Conclusion: Working in COVID care has had a significant negative impact on the mental health of health workers. It is important to note that the Beck Depression Scale alone is not sufficient to diagnose depression.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 psychologie   MeSH
• deprese diagnóza   psychologie   MeSH
• duševní vyhoření * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sociodemografické faktory MeSH
• zdravotnický personál psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Maďarsko MeSH

The brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus is a complex of tick species with an unsettled species concept. In Europe, R. sanguineus is considered mainly a Mediterranean tick with sporadic findings in central and northern Europe. R. sanguineus is known as a vector of a range of pathogens of medical and veterinary importance, most of which not yet reported as autochthonous in Hungary. A total of 1839 ticks collected by veterinarians from dogs and cats were obtained in Hungary. The study aims at precise determination of ticks identified as R. sanguineus and detection of pathogens in collected ticks. All ticks were morphologically determined and 169 individuals were identified as R. sanguineus. A subset of 15 ticks was selected for molecular analysis (16S rDNA, 12S rDNA, COI). Phylogenetic analyses invariably placed sequences of all three markers into a single haplotype identified as R. sanguineus sensu stricto. All 169 brown dog ticks were tested for the presence of A. platys, E. canis, R. conorii, B. vogeli and H. canis. None of the investigated ticks was positive for the screened pathogens, though A. phagocytophilum sequence was detected in a single tick.

• MeSH
• Anaplasma * MeSH
• Ehrlichia canis izolace a purifikace   genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• infestace klíšťaty * veterinární   parazitologie   MeSH
• kočky parazitologie   MeSH
• nemoci přenášené klíšťaty veterinární   mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• nemoci psů * parazitologie   diagnóza   MeSH
• psi MeSH
• Rhipicephalus sanguineus * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Rickettsia conorii izolace a purifikace   genetika   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S analýza   genetika   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky parazitologie   MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• psi MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Maďarsko MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has recently become endemic in Europe, however, it is often a remnant neglected by clinicians as the causative agent of acute and chronic hepatitis and is often misdiagnosed as a drug-induced liver injury. The infection rate in European pig farms is estimated to be around 15-20%, therefore, the primary source of HEV infections might be poorly prepared pork meat. As HEV infections may occur more often in clinical practice than previously thought, the present paper aims to analyse the seroprevalence of HEV in patients with acute hepatitis over a period of 14 years in Csongrád County, Hungary. METHODS: The sera of 4,270 hepatitis patients collected between 2004-2018 were tested for cumulative anti-HEV IgG/IgM. Furthermore, 170 IgM positive sera were tested for the presence of viral RNA by RT-qPCR. RESULTS: Between 2012-2018, the cumulative seroprevalence has increased 9.18 times, and between 2013-2018, IgM prevalence has increased 12.49 times. Viral RNA was detectable in 12.35% of IgM positive sera. CONCLUSION: The present paper presents data showing that the seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus has increased markedly over the course of the last decade in Hungary and in other European countries as well. The exact reason behind this phenomenon is yet to be determined. To assess the dynamics and the reason for this increase in prevalence, pan-European, multicentre studies should be conducted.

• MeSH
• hepatitida E * MeSH
• imunoglobulin M MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• RNA virová MeSH
• séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
• virus hepatitidy E * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Maďarsko MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Imposing taxes on unhealthy goods can generate income, raise people's health awareness, and eventually decrease the prevalence of chronic diseases. Our aim was to assess the impact of Hungary's public health product tax (PHPT) since its implementation in September 2011. Differences in purchasing habits between households with different income statuses were also compared. METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive analysis of tax bases and income was carried out, and an interrupted time series analysis using the generalised least squares method was performed to examine the changes in trends regarding the purchase of taxable products before and after the implementation of the tax. The amount of tax base (in kilograms or litres), income (in HUF and EUR), and annual purchased quantity of food and beverage groups per household were assessed. Data were derived from the National Tax and Customs Administration of Hungary and the Hungarian Household Budget and Living Conditions Surveys. The study sample was composed of households who participated in the surveys (mean = 8,359, SD = 1,146) between 2006 and 2018. RESULTS: The households' tax bases and incomes increased constantly (with a few exceptions). The total revenue was 19.49 billion HUF (67.37 million EUR) in 2012 and 59.19 billion HUF (168.55 million EUR) in 2020. However, the households' purchasing habits did not change as expected. A significant short-term decrease (between 2012 and 2013) in purchasing unhealthy goods was observed for three groups: soft drinks (p = 0.009), jams (p = 0.047), and fruit juices (p = 0.038). Only soft drinks showed a significant decreasing trend in the post-intervention period between 2012 and 2018 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the PHPT did not decrease households' unhealthy food purchasing trend, although it has a positive effect as it can create revenue for health care and health-promoting programmes.

• MeSH
• analýza přerušované časové série MeSH
• daně * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nápoje MeSH
• obchod MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Maďarsko MeSH

Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for clinical gram-negative isolates from Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland, where published data for ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) and imipenem/relebactam (IMI/REL) is scarce. C/T was active against 94.3% of Enterobacterales, 10-18% higher than the tested cephalosporins and piperacillin/tazobactam. IMI/REL was the most active tested agent against non-Morganellaceae Enterobacterales (99.7% susceptible). C/T was the most active among all studied agents except colistin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (96.0% susceptible); susceptibility to IMI/REL was 90.7%. C/T maintained activity against 73.7-85.3% of β-lactam-resistant or multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa subsets. C/T and IMI/REL could represent important treatment options for patients from these countries.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cefalosporiny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• imipenem farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• pseudomonádové infekce * farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa MeSH
• tazobaktam farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Maďarsko MeSH
• Polsko MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• VIROSTOP,
• MeSH
• aplikace slizniční MeSH
• Cistus * MeSH
• COVID-19 * diagnóza   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• farmakoterapie COVID-19 MeSH
• fytoterapie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polyfenoly terapeutické užití   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Maďarsko MeSH

The objective of the present study was to compare the religiosity of the Roma in the 18th century with the present. In 1775 and 1776, Samuel Augustini ab Hortis detailed the way of life of the Roma community in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy in his work "Von dem Heutigen Zustände, Sonderbaren Sitten und Lebensart, Wie Auch von Denen Übrigen Eigenschaften und Umständen der Zigeuner in Ungarn" (On the Contemporary Situation, Distinctive Manners and Way of Life, as Well as the Other Characteristics and Circumstances of Gypsies in Greater Hungary). A detailed content analysis of the part of his work dealing with religion was performed. Subsequently, in 2018, field research was conducted in the environment in which Samuel Augustini lived and worked. It involved six key informants, each representing a different municipality. Data collection was carried out over two periods: in the summer months of 2012-2013 and the winter period of 2018-2019. After the interviews with the key informants, more than 70 participants were included in semi-structured interviews through snowball sampling, and another 40 participants were included in two focus groups. The data was evaluated and content analysis was used to process the data. The findings confirm that both in the past and the present, the Roma community adopted the dominant religion of the host country. In the studied environments, the activities of the majority, present then and now in the Catholic Church, failed, and various other missionary movements, such as the Maranatha Mission, came to the fore. Membership in new religious movements resulted in social changes in marginalized Roma communities. However, they may not have only had positive effects. Various effects of their activities may be studied in the future.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náboženství MeSH
• Romové * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Maďarsko MeSH

(1) Background: Co-occurrence or overlaps of different forms or involvement in peer violence among adolescents have been broadly studied. The study aimed to assess adolescents' violence profiles related to bullying, cyberbullying, and fighting in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. The study was to investigate the pattern of bullying, cyberbullying, and fighting involvement among adolescents in these four countries to test the stability of previously identified profiles. (2) Methods: We analyzed the data from the 2017/2018 international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey, which used proportionate sampling among adolescents aged 11-15 years old (n = 24,501). A Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was performed to determine violence profiles in each country. (3) Results: In Slovakia, three distinct latent classes were identified, primarily cyber victims, school bullies, and those involved in multiple forms, and in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland bully victims was the fourth class. (4) Conclusions: The findings suggest that peer violence prevention programs in adolescents should consider violence profiles and multiple involvements.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• násilí prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• oběti zločinu * MeSH
• šikana * MeSH
• studenti MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Maďarsko MeSH
• Polsko MeSH
• Slovenská republika MeSH

Cíl: Cílem výzkumu bylo změřit znalosti, zkušenosti, postoje a dovednosti učitelů v oblasti první pomoci v rámci vzdělávacího experimentu. Metody: Cílovou skupinou byli učitelé působící na základních školách v okrese Baranya v Maďarsku. Studie, jejíž součástí byl vlastní dotazník, se zúčastnilo celkem 156 učitelů (N = 156); 132 učitelů (n = 132) se také zúčastnilo školení první pomoci. Statistická analýza byla provedena pomocí deskriptivní statistiky, jedno/dvoupárového T-testu a ANOVA. P-hodnota menší než 0,05 byla považována za statisticky významnou. Výsledky: V průměru dosáhli pedagogové výsledku 78,33 % v hodnocení znalostí první pomoci, ale jen 38,15 % u praktických dovedností. Na základě výsledků došlo v průběhu jednoho akademického roku k několika úrazům ve školách ve městech (672) a na nižším stupni (498). Účastníci dosáhli po edukaci výrazně lepších výsledků ve všech vyučovaných tématech než dříve (p < 0,001). Závěr: Úroveň znalostí první pomoci je mezi učiteli přiměřená, ale v mnoha případech to neodpovídá jejich praktickým dovednostem. Velký počet školních úrazů však vyžaduje kompetentní učitele. Vzdělávací experiment měl výrazně pozitivní dopad na znalosti a dovednosti pedagogů. To ospravedlňuje motivaci učitelů a jejich schopnost zvládnout odbornou péči.

Background: The aim of the research was to measure the first aid knowledge, experiences, attitudes and skills of teachers within the framework of an educational experiment. Methods: The target group were teachers working in the primary schools of Baranya County, Hungary. A total of 156 teachers (N = 156) participated in the study, which included a self-constructed questionnaire. 132 of the teachers (n = 132) also attended a first aid training. Statistical analysis was made by descriptive statistics, one/two-paired T-test and ANOVA. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: On average, educators achieved a 78.33% result in the assessment of first aid knowledge, but only 38.15% for their practical skills. Based on the results, there were several injuries occurring in the city (672) and at the lower section (498) during one academic year. Participants achieved significantly better results after education on all topics taught than before (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The level of first-aid knowledge is adequate among teachers, but in many cases, this does not align with their practical skills. However, the large number of school accidents requires competent teachers in care. The educational experiment had a significant positive impact on the knowledge and skills of educators. This justifies the motivation of teachers and their ability to master professional care.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odborná způsobilost MeSH
• první pomoc * MeSH
• školy MeSH
• učitelé * psychologie   MeSH
• znalosti MeSH
• zpráva o sobě MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Maďarsko MeSH

Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates collected from sites in central Europe in 2019 was tested by CLSI broth microdilution method and EUCAST breakpoints. Most active were amikacin, ceftazidime-avibactam and colistin; respectively, susceptibility rates among P. aeruginosa (n = 701) were 89.2%, 92.2% and 99.9%; difficult-to-treat (DTR) isolates, 62.5%, 37.5% and 100%; multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates, 68.3%, 72.9% and 99.5%; meropenem-resistant (MEM-R), metallo-β-lactamase-negative (MBL-negative) isolates, 72.8%, 78.6% and 100%. Among Enterobacterales (n = 1639), susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam, colistin and tigecycline was ≥ 97.9%; MDR Enterobacterales, 96.8%, 94.4% and 100%, respectively; DTR isolates, ≥ 76.2% to ceftazidime-avibactam and colistin; MEM-R, MBL-negative isolates, ≥ 90.0% to ceftazidime-avibactam and colistin.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• azabicyklické sloučeniny MeSH
• ceftazidim farmakologie   MeSH
• Enterobacteriaceae MeSH
• fixní kombinace léků MeSH
• kolistin * farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• meropenem MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Chorvatsko MeSH
• Litva MeSH
• Lotyšsko MeSH
• Maďarsko MeSH
• Polsko MeSH