BACKGROUND: The war in Ukraine has led to significant migration to neighboring countries, raising public health concerns. Notable tuberculosis (TB) incidence rates in Ukraine emphasize the immediate requirement to prioritize approaches that interrupt the spread and prevent new infections. METHODS: We conducted a prospective genomic surveillance study to assess migration's impact on TB epidemiology in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Ukrainian war refugees and migrants, collected from September 2021 to December 2022 were analyzed alongside 1574 isolates obtained from Ukraine, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. RESULTS: Our study revealed alarming results, with historically the highest number of Ukrainian tuberculosis patients detected in the host countries. The increasing number of cases of multidrug-resistant TB, significantly linked with Beijing lineage 2.2.1 (p < 0.0001), also presents substantial obstacles to control endeavors. The genomic analysis identified the three highly related genomic clusters, indicating the recent TB transmission among migrant populations. The largest clusters comprised war refugees diagnosed in the Czech Republic, TB patients from various regions of Ukraine, and incarcerated individuals diagnosed with pulmonary TB specialized facility in the Kharkiv region, Ukraine, pointing to a national transmission sequence that has persisted for over 14 years. CONCLUSIONS: The data showed that most infections were likely the result of reactivation of latent disease or exposure to TB before migration rather than recent transmission occurring within the host country. However, close monitoring, appropriate treatment, careful surveillance, and social support are crucial in mitigating future risks, though there is currently no evidence of local transmission in EU countries.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• molekulární epidemiologie * MeSH
• multirezistentní tuberkulóza epidemiologie   MeSH
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis * genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• osoby s přechodným pobytem a migranti * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• ozbrojené konflikty MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• tuberkulóza * epidemiologie   přenos   MeSH
• uprchlíci * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Slovenská republika MeSH
• Ukrajina MeSH

Anencephaly, a fatal anomaly of the central nervous system, belongs to the group of defects of the neural tube (NTDs). It is considered the most common congenital NTD, characterized by concurrent absence of a significant portion of the brain and cranial vault. This deformity occurs between days 23 and 26 after fertilization due to improper closure of the neural tube at its cranial end. Many genetic, epigenetic, and non-genetic factors (nutritional, environmental and geographical factors, parental socioeconomic status) contribute to the etiology of this disease. Despite significant advances in treatment and preventive measures, NTDs continue to pose a significant health and financial burden on patients and society as a whole. This study aimed to examine the incidence of anencephaly in Slovakia compared to the Czech Republic between 2012 and 2020. The authors seek to elucidate the reasons behind the higher incidence of this disease in Slovakia as compared to the Czech Republic, explore the male predominance of anencephaly in Slovakia, and investigate whether the prevention standards used in Slovakia differ from those employed in other countries (Tab. 1, Fig. 2, Ref. 129). Keywords: neural tube defects, anencephaly, risk factors, folic acid, food fortification.

• MeSH
• anencefalie * epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• embryonální vývoj MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Slovenská republika MeSH

Publikácia sa zameriava na dejiny Slovenskej lekárskej spoločnosti a na významné osoby slovenského lekárstva. Určené odbornej verejnosti.

• MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• lékaři dějiny   MeSH
• lékařství MeSH
• společnosti lékařské dějiny   MeSH
• umění MeSH
• významné osobnosti MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH
• Slovenská republika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• dějiny lékařství

• O autorovi
• Slovenská lekárska spoločnosť Autorita

BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasitic infections remain a significant global health issue, particularly affecting poor and marginalised populations. These infections significantly contribute to children's diseases, malnutrition, poor school performance, cognitive disorders, and future economic losses. This study aimed to explore and compare the occurrence of intestinal parasites in early childhood among the group of infants from the Slovak majority population and from marginalised Roma communities (MRCs). Furthermore, it aimed to explore the health complaints of children with and without intestinal parasitic infection in the past month and assess the effect of various risk factors on the occurrence of intestinal parasitic infection in infants from MRCs. METHODS: We obtained cross-sectional data from mothers and stool samples of their children aged 13-21 months using the first wave of the longitudinal RomaREACH study. A total of 181 stools from infants were analysed: 105 infants from the Slovak majority population and 76 from MRCs. RESULTS: Infants from MRCs are significantly more often infected by Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Giardia duodenalis than their better-off peers from the majority population. Infection rates are 30% in infants from MRCs vs. 0% in the majority population (p < 0.001). Single and mixed infections were observed in children from MRCs. Infants with intestinal parasitic infections suffer significantly more often from various health complaints, particularly cough, stomach ache, irritability, and diarrhoea. Within MRCs, the risk of parasitic infections in infants is significantly increased by risk factors such as the absence of flushing toilets in households (OR = 4.17, p < 0.05) and contact with un-dewormed animals (OR = 3.61, p < 0.05). Together with the absence of running water in the household, these three factors combined increase the risk more than ten times (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Maintaining hygienic standards in conditions of socioeconomic deprivation in MRCs without running water and sewage in the presence of un-dewormed animals is problematic. These living conditions contribute to the higher prevalence of parasitic infections in children from MRCs, causing various health complaints and thus threatening their health and healthy development.

• MeSH
• feces * parazitologie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• parazitární nemoci střev * epidemiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Romové * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

Aim: To investigate the reasons for unfinished nursing care (UNC), its prevalence and patterns, and to explore its relationship to level of teamwork as perceived by Slovak postgraduate nursing students. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Methods: The study was conducted between November 2022 and January 2023. Data collection was carried out using a set of questionnaires that involved the Unfinished Nursing Care Survey tool to measure UNC and the Nursing Teamwork Survey (NTS) to investigate level of teamwork. The sample consisted of 159 postgraduate nursing students from five public universities in different regions of the Slovak Republic. Results: The mean composite score of UNC was 2.41 (SD = 0.71) and for the NTS, 3.25 (SD = 0.51). An overall weak association was found between UNC and Trust (r = -0.164), Backup (r = -0.157), Shared mental model (r = -0.158), and Team leader (r = -0.187). Teamwork did not predict perceptions of UNC. Conclusion: These findings suggest that nursing students are aware of the phenomenon of UNC and reflect on reasons for its occurrence, including ineffective teamwork among nursing staff. During clinical placements, nursing students should be integrated into nursing teams and the importance of teamwork should be emphasized during nursing studies. However, there is a need for further research to better understand and address these phenomena in nursing education and practice.

• MeSH
• klinické praxe * klasifikace   organizace a řízení   MeSH
• kontinuální vzdělávání zdravotních sester MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• studenti ošetřovatelství psychologie   MeSH
• studium ošetřovatelství vysokoškolské * MeSH
• týmová péče o pacienty MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

Aim: Autonomy in nursing refers to nurses' ability to make independent decisions in providing nursing care without outside influence or control. Nurse autonomy is a key part of the provision of quality and safe care. Design: A narrative literature review was used for the study, performed according to the PRISMA ScR checklist. Methods: Relevant studies obtained from four databases were included in the narrative review. The data review was performed according to the PRISMA checklist. For data extraction and synthesis, the method of summative content analysis, in accordance with COSMIN criteria, was used. Results: The search identified four relevant studies published between 2003-2014. All instruments used in the studies were designed to measure nurse autonomy and were also used in combination with other instruments closely related to autonomy in nursing. The instruments demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties. Conclusion: Autonomy is an unexplored phenomenon in the context of the Slovak Republic and it deserves attention since nurse autonomy affects not only patients but also nurses themselves and their job satisfaction. It is important to enable nurses to participate in decision-making, planning and development of nursing as autonomous professionals.

• MeSH
• bezpečnost pacientů MeSH
• klinická studie jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ošetřovatelská péče metody   MeSH
• poskytování zdravotní péče organizace a řízení   MeSH
• profesionální nezávislost * MeSH
• zdravotní sestry * organizace a řízení   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

Štúdia a biografia, ktorá sa zameriava na osobnosti vysokoškolského štúdia ošetrovateľstva na Slovensku od roku 1989. Určené odbornej verejnosti.

• MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• studium ošetřovatelství vysokoškolské dějiny   MeSH
• učitelé dějiny   MeSH
• univerzity dějiny   MeSH
• zdravotní sestry MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• Publikační typ
• biografie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• Biografie
• NLK Obory
• ošetřovatelství
• výchova a vzdělávání pracovníků ve zdravotnictví
• NLK Publikační typ
• studie

Analýzou 996 pacientov z registra cirhózy RH7 sme zmapovali cestu pacientov počas 4,5-ročného obdobia smerom od registrácie do transplantácie pečene. Zistili sme, že u 283 pacientov (28,4 %) sa otvoril transplantačný protokol s mediánom 4 dni od registrácie, z nich 117 (11,7 %) bolo zapísaných na čakaciu listinu s mediánom 91 dní od začiatku protokolu, a 75 (7,5 %) bolo transplantovaných s mediánom 44 dní od zapísania na čakaciu listinu. Faktory, ktoré zvyšovali pravdepodobnosť začatia transplantačného protokolu, boli nižší vek, lepšia telesná konštitúcia a výkonnosť (BMI, svalová sila, krehkosť), autoimunitná etiológia, závažnosť choroby pečene a nižšia miera systémového zápalu (leukocyty, CRP). Faktory, ktoré zvyšovali pravdepodobnosť zapísania na čakaciu listinu, boli mužské pohlavie, lepšia telesná výkonnosť, a závažnosť choroby pečene. Faktory, ktoré zvyšovali pravdepodobnosť vyradenia z čakacej listiny, boli iná ako autoimunitná etiológia, závažnosť choroby pečene a systémový zápal. Prežitie 1 a 3 roky po transplantácii sme zaznamenali u 82,6 a 78,1 % pacientov. Práca poslúži ako dôležitá lekcia z fungovania nastavených procesov s cieľom ďalšieho zefektívnenia a skvalitnenia nášho transplantačného programu.

By analyzing 996 patients from the RH7 cirrhosis registry within the 4.5 years of inclusion interval, we mapped the path of patients to liver transplantation. We found that 283 patients (28.4%) opened a transplant protocol with a median of 4 days from registration, of which 117 (11.7%) were placed on a waiting list with a median of 91 days from the start of the protocol, and 75 (7.5%) were transplanted with a median of 44 days from enlisting. Factors that increased the likelihood of starting a transplant protocol were younger age, better body constitution and performance (BMI, muscle strength, lower frailty), autoimmune etiology, severity of liver disease, and lower levels of systemic inflammation (leukocytes, CRP). Factors that increased the probability of being enrolled on the waiting list were male gender, better physical performance, and severity of liver disease. Factors that increased the probability of removal from the waiting list other than autoimmune etiology, were severity of liver disease and systemic inflammation. Overall survival of one and three years after liver transplantation was 82.6 and 78.1% of patients respectively. The study will serve as an important lesson in the functioning of the set processes to further streamline and improve the quality of our transplant program.

• MeSH
• jaterní cirhóza * terapie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• seznamy čekatelů MeSH
• transplantace jater * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

Alarmujúci vzostup morbidity a mortality na choroby pečene sú dôvodom pre hľadanie možností, ako zvrátiť tento trend. Covidové obdobie bolo časom nárastu konzumácie liehovín v SR aj s tým súvisiacej morbidity a mortality. Efektívnym nástrojom včasnej detekcie rizikovej konzumácie alkoholu je skríning formou AUDIT dotazníka nasledovaný intervenciou a skríningom ochorenia pečene formou laboratórnych a zobrazovacích metód vrátane ultrasonografie a elastografie s využitím neinvazívnych indexov fibrózy. Skríning rizikovej konzumácie alkoholu a pokročilej fibrózy pečene v ambulanciách gastroenterológa, hepatológa aj všeobecného lekára pomôže zavčasu detegovať rizikových jedincov a začať intervenciu. Článok podáva návrh skríningu v kontexte najnovších EASL a AASLD odporúčaní a dostupných aktuálnych prehľadov skríningu vo svete. Cieľom je zredukovať nepriaznivé dopady alkoholu na Slovensku

The alarming rise in morbidity and mortality from liver diseases is the reason for searching ways to reverse this trend. The COVID-19 period was a time of increased consumption of spirits in Slovakia and associated morbidity and mortality. An effective tool for early detection of risky alcohol consumption is screening in the form of the AUDIT questionnaire followed by intervention and screening of liver disease in the form of laboratory and imaging methods, including ultrasonography and elastography using non-invasive fibrosis indices. Screening for risky alcohol consumption and advanced liver fibrosis in gastroenterologist, hepatologist and general practitioner outpatient offices will help to detect at-risk individuals early and start intervention. This paper presents a screening proposal in the context of the latest EASL and AASLD guidelines and available current reviews of screening worldwide. The goal is to reduce the adverse effects of alcohol in Slovakia.

• Klíčová slova
• AUDIT test,
• MeSH
• alkoholické nemoci jater * diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pití alkoholu škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• plošný screening MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Infant mortality rates are reliable indices of the child and general population health status and health care delivery. The most critical factors affecting infant mortality are socioeconomic status and ethnicity. The aim of this study was to assess the association between socioeconomic disadvantage, ethnicity, and perinatal, neonatal, and infant mortality in Slovakia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The associations between socioeconomic disadvantage (educational level, long-term unemployment rate), ethnicity (the proportion of the Roma population) and mortality (perinatal, neonatal, and infant) in the period 2017-2022 were explored, using linear regression models. RESULTS: The higher proportion of people with only elementary education and long-term unemployed, as well as the higher proportion of the Roma population, increases mortality rates. The proportion of the Roma population had the most significant impact on mortality in the selected period between 2017 and 2022, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022). CONCLUSIONS: Life in segregated Roma settlements is connected with the accumulation of socioeconomic disadvantage. Persistent inequities between Roma and the majority population in Slovakia exposed by mortality rates in children point to the vulnerabilities and exposures which should be adequately addressed by health and social policies.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 MeSH
• etnicita statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• kojenecká mortalita * etnologie   trendy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• perinatální mortalita * etnologie   trendy   MeSH
• Romové * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory * MeSH
• socioekonomické nerovnosti ve zdraví MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH