BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common, fatal cancer. Identifying subgroups who may benefit more from intervention is of critical public health importance. Previous studies have assessed multiplicative interaction between genetic risk scores and environmental factors, but few have assessed additive interaction, the relevant public health measure. METHODS: Using resources from CRC consortia, including 45,247 CRC cases and 52,671 controls, we assessed multiplicative and additive interaction (relative excess risk due to interaction, RERI) using logistic regression between 13 harmonized environmental factors and genetic risk score, including 141 variants associated with CRC risk. RESULTS: There was no evidence of multiplicative interaction between environmental factors and genetic risk score. There was additive interaction where, for individuals with high genetic susceptibility, either heavy drinking (RERI = 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13, 0.36), ever smoking (0.11 [0.05, 0.16]), high body mass index (female 0.09 [0.05, 0.13], male 0.10 [0.05, 0.14]), or high red meat intake (highest versus lowest quartile 0.18 [0.09, 0.27]) was associated with excess CRC risk greater than that for individuals with average genetic susceptibility. Conversely, we estimate those with high genetic susceptibility may benefit more from reducing CRC risk with aspirin/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use (-0.16 [-0.20, -0.11]) or higher intake of fruit, fiber, or calcium (highest quartile versus lowest quartile -0.12 [-0.18, -0.050]; -0.16 [-0.23, -0.09]; -0.11 [-0.18, -0.05], respectively) than those with average genetic susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS: Additive interaction is important to assess for identifying subgroups who may benefit from intervention. The subgroups identified in this study may help inform precision CRC prevention.
- MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci * MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- interakce genů a prostředí * MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
- kolorektální nádory * genetika epidemiologie MeSH
- kouření škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- logistické modely MeSH
- pití alkoholu MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The global rise in obesity has emerged as a significant health concern, amplifying susceptibility to various diseases, including asthma. Epidemiological evidence demonstrates a higher prevalence of asthma among obese individuals, with obesity exacerbating asthma severity and control. This review aims to explore the interplay between asthma and obesity assessed by objective imaging methods and discusses the consistency between anthropometric and imaging methods. A literature search was conducted with the main keywords "asthma", "obesity", and "imaging techniques" using databases such as PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Scopus for the relevant articles published up to January 2024. The consistency between Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), and results from imaging techniques is uncertain. Unlike anthropometric methods, imaging methods provide us with the exact location of adipose tissue as well as fat and lean mass distinction, which can be further correlated with different airway parameters and respiratory system functions and dysfunctions. Studies indicate that the relationship between lung functions and obesity is more complex in females. Abdominal visceral fat is supposed to be the major asthma predictor already in the pediatric population. The connection between obesity and asthma is already evident in children and adolescents. Imaging methods can measure visceral and subcutaneous fat mass and both contribute to the association between obesity and lung functions. These methods are more accurate and reproducible but require more time and expertise. Key words Asthma, Obesity, Magnetic resonance imaging, Dual-energy, X-ray absorptiometry, Bioimpedance analysis.
INTRODUCTION: Obesity in older adults is linked to various chronic conditions and decreased quality of life. Traditional physical activity guidelines often overlook the specific postures and movements that older adults engage in daily. This study aims to explore the compositional associations between posture-specific behaviours and obesity risk in younger (M = 67.35 ± 2.03 years) and older (M = 75.73 ± 4.17 years) groups of older adults and investigate the differences in body mass index (BMI) associated with replacing time spent in lying, sitting and standing with moving or walking. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 309 older adults aged 65 and above from Czech Republic. Participants' movement behaviours, including lying, sitting, standing, moving, and walking, were measured using accelerometers. The data were analysed using compositional data analysis (CoDA) and isotemporal substitution models to assess the impact of reallocating time between different activities on self-reported (BMI). RESULTS: The younger group engaged in more overall movement (193.84 min/day vs. 172.41 min/day) and walking (92.15 min/day vs. 76.62 min/day) than the older group. Significant estimated increases in BMI were associated with reallocating 30 min from movement to lying, sitting, or standing (up to + 3.31 kg/m2), while reallocating the same amount of time from lying, sitting, or standing to movement was associated with estimated reductions in BMI (up to - 2.54 kg/m2). In the older group, reallocating time from slow walking to lying or sitting was associated with estimated increases in BMI (up to + 1.86 kg/m2), while increasing time spent slow walking at the expense of lying or sitting theoretically reduced BMI (up to - 0.95 kg/m2). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that promoting movement and walking, including both slow and fast walking, may play a role in managing obesity risk in older adults. This study highlights the potential benefits of reducing sedentary time and encouraging low-intensity physical activity tailored to the capabilities of seniors, especially those aged 70+, as a possible strategy to mitigate obesity risk. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these associations and explore causal relationships.
- MeSH
- akcelerometrie metody MeSH
- chůze * fyziologie MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obezita * epidemiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- postura těla fyziologie MeSH
- pozice sedu * MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stoj * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
An imbalance in coagulation is associated with cardiovascular events. For prevention and treatment, anticoagulants, currently mainly xabans and gatrans, are used. The purpose of the present study was to provide a head-to-head comparison since there are no studies directly evaluating these novel anticoagulants. An additional aim was to find whether selected anthropological and biochemical factors can affect their anticoagulant properties as they are used in fixed doses. In this cross-sectional study, blood from 50 generally healthy donors was collected, and coagulation responses to dabigatran, argatroban, rivaroxaban, and apixaban, at a concentration of 1 μM, were analyzed. Heparin was used as a positive control. Prothrombin time (PT) expressed as international normalized ratio (INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were measured and compared. Rivaroxaban was the most active according to PT/INR while argatroban according to aPTT. The ex vivo anticoagulant effect measured by INR correlated inversely with body mass index (BMI) in all four anticoagulants tested. Shortening of aPTT was associated with higher cholesterol and triglyceride levels. No sex-related differences were observed in response to the anticoagulant treatments. As this was an ex vivo study and pharmacokinetic factors were not included, the influence of BMI is of high therapeutic importance.
- MeSH
- antikoagulancia * farmakologie MeSH
- arginin * analogy a deriváty MeSH
- dabigatran farmakologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hemokoagulace * účinky léků MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- INR MeSH
- kyseliny pipekolové * farmakologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- parciální tromboplastinový čas MeSH
- protrombinový čas MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- pyrazoly farmakologie MeSH
- pyridony farmakologie farmakokinetika MeSH
- rivaroxaban * farmakologie MeSH
- sulfonamidy farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Background: Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a protein that has been associated with skeletal muscle regeneration, but details regarding its role in Arthritis remain unclear. The aim of the current study was to investigate LCN2 levels of Arthritis patients and its relationship with oxidative and antioxidative factors.Methods: The study includes (125) blood samples of persons aged 20-65 years were divided into a control group (apparently healthy) consisting of 55 samples [31female, 24 males] and a Patient group consisting of 70 samples [37female, 33 males] who were attending the bone diseases consultation unit at the Ibn Sina Teaching Hospital in Mosul, Iraq. Venous blood samples (10 ml) were collected after overnight fasting. To conduct Clinical analyses: Serum LCN2 level was determined by ELISA, also Malonaldehyde, glutathione, vitamin E, vitamin C, peroxy nitrite, peroxidase, and aryl esterase were estimated.Results: The findings revealed a significant increase in the levels of LCN2 in Arthritis compared to the control group and there was a significant decrease in the concentration of vitamin C, glutathione, vitamin E and the activity of the arylesterase in serum of patients with arthritis compared with the control group. Also, a significant increase in the activity of peroxidase, concentration of peroxynitrite and malondialdehyde for patients than a control group.Conclusion: These findings imply that LCN2 may play a substantial role in iron-related oxidative stress damage in arthritis. Thus a therapeutic candidate target for treatment.
A sedentary lifestyle, characterised by a lack of physical activity, negatively influences Body Mass Index (BMI). BMI may be related to the prevalence of flat feet. This study aims to observe the occurrence of flat feet in young children and determine its association with BMI. Additionally, it aims to analyse foot loading in the forefoot, midfoot and rearfoot. Dynamographic records of children (N = 142; age = 10.3 ± 0.21 years) were collected during walking, and foot-type evaluations were conducted using a force plate. A normal foot type was observed in 44% of children (BMI 16.0 ± 2.3 kg/m2). Flat feet were observed in 54% of children (BMI 18.4 ± 4.3 kg/m2). A high foot arch was observed in only 2% of children (BMI 16.0 ± 1.3 kg/m2). Children with flat feet had higher BMI values than those with normal feet. The contact time and maximal vertical force in the forefoot and rearfoot were similar in children with normal and flat feet. Significantly higher pressure values were observed in the midfoot zone of children with flat feet. Regression analysis results showed that in children with flat feet, there is a decrease in forefoot loading and an increase in midfoot loading with increasing BMI. This trend was not observed in children with normal feet. We recommend incorporating exercise interventions at this age to prevent pain and promote willingness to engage in physical activity. Higher BMI values indicate an increased risk for the prevalence of flat feet.
- MeSH
- chůze fyziologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- noha (od hlezna dolů) fyziologie anatomie a histologie MeSH
- plochá noha * epidemiologie MeSH
- sedavý životní styl MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Ve spojení se stárnutím člověka se progresivně rozvíjí pokles svalových funkcí. S tím je spojená na věku závislá deplece svalové hmoty zvaná sarkopenie. Existuje obvyklá představa, že primární je pokles svalové hmoty, ale v drtivém počtu případů je tomu naopak. Nejprve vlivem zevních, ale také endogenních důvodů se snižuje svalová aktivita, rozvíjí se svalová slabost a ta je následována progresivním úbytkem svalové hmoty – sarkopenií. Výjimku tvoří některé typy primárního poškození svalové hmoty, sarkopenie vznikající v důsledku malnutrice a nedostatečného přívodu proteinu, vlivem toxických látek v zevním prostředí. Svalová dynamopenie a sarkopenie se stává globálním problémem, který kulminuje zejména v industriálně a ekonomicky rozvinutých státech. Prevence svalové dynamopenie a sarkopenie je zásadním trendem, který je nezbytný zejména v kontextu se stoupajícím věkem a počtem obyvatel. Podpořeno MZ ČR – RVO (FNHK, 00179906). Korespondenční adresa: prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Zadák, CSc. III. interní gerontometabolická klinika LF UK a FN Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové e-mail: zadak@fnhk.cz
In connection with human aging, a decline in muscle function develops progressively. This is associated with an age-dependent depletion of muscle mass called sarcopenia. There is a common opinion that the decrease in muscle mass is primary, but in the overwhelming number of cases it is the opposite. First, due to external but also endogenous reasons, muscle activity decreases, muscle weakness develops and this is followed by a progressive loss of muscle mass – sarcopenia. The exception is some types of primary damage to muscle mass, sarcopenia arising as a result of malnutrition and insufficient protein intake, due to the influence of toxic substances in the external environment. Muscle dynamopenia and sarcopenia is becoming a global problem, which culminates especially in industrially and economically developed countries. Prevention of muscle dynamopenia and sarcopenia is a fundamental trend, which is necessary especially in the context of increasing age and increased population.
- Klíčová slova
- dynamopenie,
- MeSH
- antropometrie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obezita etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- sarkopenie * diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie terapie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- svalová atrofie * diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie terapie MeSH
- svalová síla - dynamometr MeSH
- svalová síla fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obezita * MeSH
- ozbrojené síly * MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- extrakce zubů metody MeSH
- fixní ortodontický aparát MeSH
- kefalometrie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- moláry abnormality diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- otevřený skus * diagnostické zobrazování diagnóza terapie MeSH
- posun zubů * klasifikace ošetřování MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- posturální deformity,
- MeSH
- antropometrie metody MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- hlava * abnormality MeSH
- kefalometrie metody MeSH
- kraniosynostózy * MeSH
- lebka abnormality patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
