BACKGROUND: Advances in paediatric type 1 diabetes management and increased use of diabetes technology have led to improvements in glycaemia, reduced risk of severe hypoglycaemia, and improved quality of life. Since 1993, progressively lower HbA1c targets have been set. The aim of this study was to perform a longitudinal analysis of HbA1c, treatment regimens, and acute complications between 2013 and 2022 using data from eight national and one international paediatric diabetes registries. METHODS: In this longitudinal analysis, we obtained data from the Australasian Diabetes Data Network, Czech National Childhood Diabetes Register, Danish Registry of Childhood and Adolescent Diabetes, Diabetes Prospective Follow-up Registry, Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry, England and Wales' National Paediatric Diabetes Audit, Swedish Childhood Diabetes Registry, T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative, and the SWEET initiative. All children (aged ≤18 years) with type 1 diabetes with a duration of longer than 3 months were included. Investigators compared data from 2013 to 2022; analyses performed on data were pre-defined and conducted separately by each respective registry. Data on demographics, HbA1c, treatment regimen, and event rates of diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycaemia were collected. ANOVA was performed to compare means between registries and years. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to study significant breakpoints in temporal trends. FINDINGS: In 2022, data were available for 109 494 children from the national registries and 35 590 from SWEET. Between 2013 and 2022, the aggregated mean HbA1c decreased from 8·2% (95% CI 8·1-8·3%; 66·5 mmol/mol [65·2-67·7]) to 7·6% (7·5-7·7; 59·4mmol/mol [58·2-60·5]), and the proportion of participants who had achieved HbA1c targets of less than 7% (<53 mmol/mol) increased from 19·0% to 38·8% (p<0·0001). In 2013, the aggregate event rate of severe hypoglycaemia rate was 3·0 events per 100 person-years (95% CI 2·0-4·9) compared with 1·7 events per 100 person-years (1·0-2·7) in 2022. In 2013, the aggregate event rate of diabetic ketoacidosis was 3·1 events per 100 person-years (95% CI 2·0-4·8) compared with 2·2 events per 100 person-years (1·4-3·4) in 2022. The proportion of participants with insulin pump use increased from 42·9% (95% CI 40·4-45·5) in 2013 to 60·2% (95% CI 57·9-62·6) in 2022 (mean difference 17·3% [13·8-20·7]; p<0·0001), and the proportion of participants using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) increased from 18·7% (95% CI 9·5-28·0) in 2016 to 81·7% (73·0-90·4) in 2022 (mean difference 63·0% [50·3-75·7]; p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION: Between 2013 and 2022, glycaemic outcomes have improved, parallel to increased use of diabetes technology. Many children had HbA1c higher than the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) 2022 target. Reassuringly, despite targeting lower HbA1c, severe hypoglycaemia event rates are decreasing. Even for children with type 1 diabetes who have access to specialised diabetes care and diabetes technology, further advances in diabetes management are required to assist with achieving ISPAD glycaemic targets. FUNDING: None. TRANSLATIONS: For the Norwegian, German, Czech, Danish and Swedish translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu * epidemiologie   krev   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• glykovaný hemoglobin * analýza   MeSH
• hypoglykemie epidemiologie   MeSH
• hypoglykemika * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• krevní glukóza * analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• registrace * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• regulace glykemie statistika a číselné údaje   metody   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This report presents a fatal case of a young female Type I diabetic patient who developed convulsions and loss of consciousness after taking methamphetamine and spending some time in a dance club. During the convulsions, she was given sugar and when no response occurred, her boyfriend who was not experienced in the use of insulin administered a dose of insulin to her. The woman lost consciousness and died despite the efforts of the emergency service. A biochemical analysis revealed a high level of insulin (196.67 mU/L) and low levels of glucose (2.96 mmol/L) and C-peptide (26 pmol/L). Toxicological analysis revealed a methamphetamine concentration of 389 ng/mL and an amphetamine concentration of 19 ng/mL. The forensic perspective of the difficult determination of the contribution of each of the factors to the death, i.e., the pre-existing medical condition (Type I diabetes), the use of methamphetamine, the physical exertion at the dance club, and, finally, the non-indicated administration of insulin, is discussed. The ruling of the court is also reported.

• MeSH
• bezvědomí chemicky indukované   MeSH
• C-peptid krev   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fatální výsledek MeSH
• hypoglykemika škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• inzulin * aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• krevní glukóza analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methamfetamin * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním amfetaminu komplikace   MeSH
• stimulanty centrálního nervového systému * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• tanec MeSH
• tělesná námaha MeSH
• záchvaty MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

AIM: To determine whether people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) initiating glucose sensor monitoring experience greater improvements in HbA1c when provided with education on carbohydrate counting and flexible insulin dosing than those who do not receive nutrition education. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our retrospective observational study included 329 people with T1D initiating glucose sensor monitoring between 2015 and 2021. The participants were divided into two groups: one group attended at least one structured educational session with a registered dietitian (n = 126), while the other group did not receive structured education (n = 203). After 12 months of glucose sensor initiation, we compared glycaemic outcomes and CGM metrics between the two groups. RESULTS: At glucose sensor initiation, both groups with and without education had similar HbA1c levels (7.64% [60.0 mmol/mol] vs. 7.66% [60.2 mmol/mol]). After twelve months, the education group demonstrated greater improvement in glycemic outcomes (HbA1c 7.17% [54.9mmol/mol] vs. 7.37% [57.1 mmol/mol], p < 0.05) and spent significantly more time in the target range than did the group without structured education (68.8% vs. 64.1%, p < 0.05). We observed an inverse correlation between the number of completed educational sessions and HbA1c after 12 months, as well as between the number of educational sessions and the change in HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS: People with T1D who initiated glucose sensor monitoring alongside nutrition education showed greater improvements in HbA1c and increased time spent in the target glucose range compared to individuals who did not receive structured education. TRAIL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06264271.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu * krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• glykovaný hemoglobin * analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• hypoglykemika aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• inzulin aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• krevní glukóza * analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• regulace glykemie MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• selfmonitoring glykemie * MeSH
• vzdělávání pacientů jako téma * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the association between diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at type 1 diabetes diagnosis and long-term glycemic outcomes, insulin requirements, BMI SD score (SDS), and diabetes technology uptake in youth. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were from nine countries (Austria, Czechia, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovenia, Switzerland, and U.S. [Colorado]), including youth (0.5-15.9 years) diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in 2019-2020 and followed for 2 years thereafter. Participants were divided into three groups: no DKA, nonsevere, and severe DKA at diagnosis. HbA1c, insulin requirements, BMI SDS, and use of technology, including automated insulin delivery (AID), were assessed. RESULTS: The analysis included 9,269 individuals (54.8% males, mean age 9.0 years). DKA at diagnosis was observed in 34.2% of participants and severe DKA in 12.8%. After 1 year, adjusted mean HbA1c was higher in the severe DKA group (7.41%) compared with nonsevere DKA (7.23%, P = 0.001) and no DKA groups (7.14, P < 0.001), and this difference persisted after 2 years (7.58% vs. 7.38% [P < 0.001] and vs. 7.32% [P < 0.001]). Higher BMI SDS was observed in both DKA groups compared with no DKA. The use of AID was associated with lower HbA1c levels compared with other treatment modalities and moderated differences between DKA groups after 2 years of follow-up (P = 0.072). CONCLUSIONS: Severe and nonsevere DKA at type 1 diabetes diagnosis were both associated with persistently higher HbA1c and higher BMI SDS. AID use diminishes the association of DKA at diagnosis and higher HbA1c over time.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu * epidemiologie   komplikace   krev   MeSH
• diabetická ketoacidóza * epidemiologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• glykovaný hemoglobin metabolismus   MeSH
• hypoglykemika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• inzulin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• inzulinové infuzní systémy MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Itálie MeSH
• Lucembursko MeSH
• Německo MeSH
• Nový Zéland MeSH
• Rakousko MeSH
• Slovinsko MeSH
• Švýcarsko MeSH

Se zvyšujícím se počtem diabetiků v populaci dochází také ke zvýšení mikrovaskulárních a makrovaskulárních komplikací. Poškození ledvin představuje jednu z hlavních příčin mortality u pacientů s diabetem. Klasifikace diabetické nefropatie je založena na hodnotě glomerulární filtrace a stupni albuminurie a rozděluje pacienty do tříd podle mortalitního rizika. Léčba pacientů je založena na datech z velkých multicentrických studií, které prokázaly kardiovaskulární benefit zejména při používání gliflozinů. Proto glifloziny a statiny společně s metforminem patří mezi léky první volby u pacientů s diabetem mellitem 2. typu a renálním postižením. Komplexní péče o tyto nemocné by současně měla zahrnovat pravidelné dieto- logické konzultace, fyzickou aktivitu a psychologickou podporu. Odlišná situace je zatím u pacientů s diabetem mellitem 1. typu. Glifloziny se u těchto nemocných nedoporučují používat. Zde základem farmakoterapie zůstávají ACEi nebo sar- tany a současně dostatečná kompenzace diabetu. V pokročilých stadiích je důležité odesílat pacienty včas ke specialistům k posouzení transplantační léčby.

With the increasing number of diabetics in the population, there is also a rise in both microvascular and macrovascular complications. Kidney damage represents one of the leading causes of mortality in patients with diabetes. The classification of diabetic nephropathy is based on the glomerular filtration rate and the degree of albuminuria, categorizing patients into risk groups according to their mortality risk. The treatment of these patients is based on data from large multicenter studies, which have demonstrated cardiovascular benefits, particularly with the use of gliflozins. Therefore, gliflozins and statins, together with metformin, are among the first-line treatment options for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and renal impairment. Comprehensive care for these patients should also include regular dietary consultations, physical activity, and psychological support. The situation is different for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, where the use of gliflozins is not recommended. In this group, the cornerstone of pharmacotherapy remains ACE inhibitors or sartans, along with adequate diabetes management. In advanced stages of the disease, it is crucial to refer patients to specialists in a timely manner for the evaluation of transplantation therapy.

• MeSH
• blokátory receptorů AT1 pro angiotensin II aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus * diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• diabetické nefropatie diagnóza   farmakoterapie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• glifloziny aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• komplikace diabetu prevence a kontrola   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• transplantace ledvin MeSH
• transplantace slinivky břišní MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

BACKGROUND: Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) is a devastating hematologic malignancy associated with advanced age. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most common morbidities worldwide, with metformin serving as the first line therapy for several decades. However, the potential association between previous metformin use and the risk of developing MDS remains uncertain. METHODS: This cross-sectional study addressed the possible association between prior metformin use in DM patients and the subsequent development of MDS. RESULTS: Data from 54,869 DM patients was retrieved from their medical records from a tertiary medical center. Of these, 20,318 patients had been exposed at some point in time to metformin, with 133 (0.7%) subsequently developing MDS. In contrast, among 34,551 DM patients with no prior exposure to metformin, only 154 (0.4%) developed MDS later in life. The Odds Ratio (OR) for MDS development amongst metformin users compared to the entire study population was 1.48 (95% CI 1.17-1.86; p = 0.001). A multivariate analysis adjusting for gender, age, congestive heart failure and chronic kidney disease, past exposure to metformin remained an independent risk factor for MDS development (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.26-2.03; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Previous exposure to metformin amongst DM patients is associated with an increased risk for MDS development later in life. This is a preliminary, cross-sectional study that show that larger studies in variable MDS patient populations are warranted.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus epidemiologie   chemicky indukované   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hypoglykemika * terapeutické užití   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metformin * terapeutické užití   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• myelodysplastické syndromy * epidemiologie   chemicky indukované   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• diastolické srdeční selhání diagnóza   farmakoterapie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• glifloziny farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci diagnóza   farmakoterapie   klasifikace   MeSH
• lékaři klasifikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• srdeční selhání * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   klasifikace   MeSH
• tepový objem MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Nealkoholová tuková choroba jater (NAFLD), jež patří mezi nejvýznamnější chronické jaterní choroby a má úzký vztah k metabolickému syndromu, byla v květnu 2023 přejmenována na s metabolismem asociovanou steatotickou chorobu jater (MASLD). Tato choroba v posledních dekádách zažívá celosvětový nárůst prevalence, jež aktuálně činí 32 % především v souvislosti se zvýšením počtu obézních pacientů ve všech regionech a kopíruje nárůst prevalence metabolického syn- dromu. Po této chorobě je potřebné aktivně pátrat a využívat dostupných diagnostických nástrojů, jež tuto nemoc nejen odhalí, ale pomůžou i vyselektovat rizikové pacienty, u kterých hrozí progrese onemocnění do významné jaterní fibrózy a cirhózy. Pacienti s MASLD však nejsou ohroženi jen jaterními komorbiditami, ale v důsledku provázanosti s metabolickým syndromem mají vyšší výskyt jeho jednotlivých komponent a dominují u nich především kardiovaskulární komplikace. Terapeutickým základem jsou především dietní a pohybová opatření, ale hledá se také účinná farmakoterapie. Při selhání konzervativních metod léčby můžeme u obézních pacientů využít možnosti bariatrické chirurgie a endoskopie.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most important chronic liver diseases, which is closely related to metabolic syndrome. It was renamed to metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in May 2023. In recent decades, this disease has experienced a global prevalence increase, which is currently 32 %, mainly in connection with the increase of obese patients in all regions. MASLD prevalence copies the increase of metabolic syndrome. It is necessary to actively search for this disease and use available diagnostic tools, which will detect this disease and also will help with selection of high-risk patients who are at risk of progression of this disease to significant liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. However, patients with MASLD are not only at risk of liver comorbidities, but due to their interconnection with metabolic syndrome, they have a higher incidence of its components. Dominant comorbidities are cardiovascular diseases. The main therapeutic approach is dietary and exercise measures, but we are looking for effective pharmacotherapy. If conservative treatment methods fail, we can use the option of bariatric surgery and endoscopy in obese patients.

• MeSH
• bariatrie MeSH
• hypoglykemika aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• jaterní cirhóza diagnóza   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom komplikace   terapie   MeSH
• nealkoholová steatóza jater * diagnóza   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• nemoci jater MeSH
• zdravý životní styl MeSH
• ztučnělá játra diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Insulin-sensitizing drugs, despite their broad use against type 2 diabetes, can adversely affect bone health, and the mechanisms underlying these side effects remain largely unclear. Here, we investigated the different metabolic effects of a series of thiazolidinediones, including rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, and the second-generation compound MSDC-0602K, on human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS: We developed 13C subcellular metabolomic tracer analysis measuring separate mitochondrial and cytosolic metabolite pools, lipidomic network-based isotopologue models, and bioorthogonal click chemistry, to demonstrate that MSDC-0602K differentially affected bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AT-MSCs). In BM-MSCs, MSDC-0602K promoted osteoblastic differentiation and suppressed adipogenesis. This effect was clearly distinct from that of the earlier drugs and that on AT-MSCs. RESULTS: Fluxomic data reveal unexpected differences between this drug's effect on MSCs and provide mechanistic insight into the pharmacologic inhibition of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC). Our study demonstrates that MSDC-0602K retains the capacity to inhibit MPC, akin to rosiglitazone but unlike pioglitazone, enabling the utilization of alternative metabolic pathways. Notably, MSDC-0602K exhibits a limited lipogenic potential compared to both rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, each of which employs a distinct lipogenic strategy. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the new-generation drugs do not compromise bone structure, offering a safer alternative for treating insulin resistance. Moreover, these results highlight the ability of cell compartment-specific metabolite labeling by click reactions and tracer metabolomics analysis of complex lipids to discover molecular mechanisms within the intersection of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

• MeSH
• adipogeneze * účinky léků   MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace účinky léků   MeSH
• hypoglykemika farmakologie   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolomika MeSH
• mezenchymální kmenové buňky * účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• osteogeneze * účinky léků   MeSH
• pioglitazon farmakologie   MeSH
• rosiglitazon farmakologie   MeSH
• thiazolidindiony * farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• empagliflozin,
• MeSH
• benzhydrylové sloučeniny MeSH
• diabetes mellitus MeSH
• glifloziny * aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• glukosidy MeSH
• hypoglykemika MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci farmakoterapie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci jater farmakoterapie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH