In forensic medicine, fatal hypothermia diagnosis is not always easy because findings are not specific, especially if traumatized. Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) is a useful adjunct to the cause-of-death diagnosis and some qualitative image character analysis, such as diffuse hyperaeration with decreased vascularity or pulmonary emphysema, have also been utilized for fatal hypothermia. However, it is challenging for inexperienced forensic pathologists to recognize the subtle differences of fatal hypothermia in PMCT images. In this study, we developed a deep learning-based diagnosis system for fatal hypothermia and explored the possibility of being an alternative diagnostic for forensic pathologists. An in-house dataset of forensic autopsy proven samples was used for the development and performance evaluation of the deep learning system. We used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the system for evaluation, and a human-expert comparable AUC value of 0.905, sensitivity of 0.948, and specificity of 0.741 were achieved. The experimental results clearly demonstrated the usefulness and feasibility of the deep learning system for fatal hypothermia diagnosis.

• MeSH
• deep learning * MeSH
• hypotermie * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pitva metody   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie metody   MeSH
• příčina smrti MeSH
• soudní patologie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This paper presents a retrospective review of patterns found in cases of homicides by sharp force over a 13-year period at the Department of Forensic Pathology of the Ostrava University Hospital, Czech Republic. The review summarizes all frequently discussed aspects of such cases including the number and localization of injuries, the presence of defensive wounds, the type of the offending weapon, the cause of death, the place of death, victims' and perpetrators' profiles, their relationship, or toxicological findings. Furthermore, special attention was paid to the evaluation of any accompanying blunt force trauma that may be indicative of an escalation of the assault. The set of data was statistically analyzed. Even though most of the results of this review are consistent with available published studies, noteworthy differences have emerged in some aspects such as the sex and age of the victims, the relationship between the number of injuries suffered and the victims' sex, or the severity of alcohol intoxication in victims.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oběti zločinu * MeSH
• otrava alkoholem * MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• soudní patologie MeSH
• tupá poranění * patologie   MeSH
• vražda MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• důvěrnost informací MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• oznamovací povinnost MeSH
• sexuální zneužívání dítěte * diagnóza   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• soudní patologie metody   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• znásilnění diagnóza   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Publikace se zaměřuje na forenzní analýzu lebky Josefa Megeleho a verifikaci jeho identity. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.

• MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• estetika MeSH
• lebka MeSH
• právní vědy MeSH
• soudní antropologie MeSH
• soudní patologie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Kriminalistika
• NLK Obory
• soudní lékařství

• O autorovi
• Mengele, Josef, 1911-1979 Autorita

• MeSH
• krvácení patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pitva MeSH
• poranění krku krev   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sinus ethmoidalis patologie   MeSH
• soudní patologie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

Accurate identification and analysis of signs of trauma on human bone is one of the mainstays of forensic pathology. However, when a forensic pathologist has to deal with charred remains, the task become extremely difficult, because tissues are subjected to severe morphological alterations and their assessment can be critically distorted. We analyzed 38 individuals with peri-mortem skull fractures due to falls from height (17 cases), traffic accidents (16 cases), gunshots wounds (5 cases), of which we had the demographic and clinical data and the autopsy report with the description and photographic records of the fracture lines. After autopsy, the bodies were cremated in gas furnaces and the analysis of cremated cranial remains was conducted in order to verify if it was possible to reconstruct the original peri-mortem fractures and verify differences between known peri-mortem and post-mortem fractures. After 90 min and exposure to temperatures up to 1280 °C, in less than a third of cases (11-29%) the original peri-mortem fracture pattern could be found and reconstructed. The edges and the surface of the fractures can preserve their proper morphology, or they can be affected by post-mortem heat-induced fractures and deformations. Interestingly whenever peri-mortem fracture margins showed the evidence of yellow/brownish colouration, a matte appearance was observed, much different from post-mortem fractures, which may provide further food for thought for the identification of peri-mortem fractures after the cremation process.

• MeSH
• fraktury lebky etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• kremace * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pitva MeSH
• posmrtné změny * MeSH
• soudní patologie metody   MeSH
• tělesné pozůstatky patologie   MeSH
• vysoká teplota * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• dějiny lékařství MeSH
• pitva dějiny   MeSH
• soudní lékařství * dějiny   MeSH
• soudní patologie dějiny   MeSH
• soudní toxikologie dějiny   MeSH

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• smrt MeSH
• soudní patologie metody   MeSH
• urgentní zdravotnické služby * zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• zločin * zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

• MeSH
• nádory diagnóza   MeSH
• patologické oddělení nemocnice * MeSH
• soudní patologie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• rozhovory MeSH

We evaluated the degradation of cortical bone tissue by hydrochloric acid (HCl) since intentional bone decalcification in a forensic context has not been studied on a histomorphological level. We used 70 pig metatarsal bones split into subsamples and immersed in one of three concentrations of acidic solutions (0.5M, 1M, 2M HCl) for two and four hours. We analyzed the cortical thicknesses on transversal cross-sections, thicknesses of the three histomorphologically distinct zones present in acid-immersed bones, and number and area of crystals present in one of the zones. Furthermore, we analyzed the ratio of calcium to phosphorus (Ca:P). We observed a division of the cortical bone cross section into three distinctive zones: demineralized matrix (DM) in the periosteal part of bone, middle contact zone (CZ), and mineralized matrix (MM) in the endosteal part of bone. With increasing acid concentration and time of immersion (from 0.5M HCl for 2h to 2M HCl for 4h), the thickness of DM increased by 67%, the thickness of CZ increased by 56%, and the thickness of MM decreased by 32%. The Ca:P ratio in the contact zone of acid-treated samples did not change significantly with changing acid concentration and time of immersion. The Ca:P ratio of the CZ decreased by 10% when compared to the Ca:P ratio of MM in acid-treated samples. Moreover, we observed crystals on the outer periosteal border of the DM zone, in the CZ, and in the MM Haversian/Volkmann's canals. The size and number of the crystals in the CZ of acid-treated bones increased with acid concentration and time of acid immersion. Moreover, we also observed significant differences in all analyzed properties between anatomical regions. Due to varying reactions to acid immersion among anatomical regions, bone micro-degradation should be observed separately for each region.

• MeSH
• fosfor metabolismus   MeSH
• kortikální kost diagnostické zobrazování   metabolismus   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• kyselina chlorovodíková toxicita   MeSH
• metatarzální kosti diagnostické zobrazování   metabolismus   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
• okostice diagnostické zobrazování   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• rentgenová mikrotomografie MeSH
• soudní patologie MeSH
• spektrometrie rentgenová emisní MeSH
• Sus scrofa MeSH
• vápník metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH