Přijímací zkoušky na vysoké školy
II. vydání 585 stran ; 30 cm
Příručka a testy, které se zaměřují na biologii, chemii, fyziku a matematiku. Určeno studujícím středních škol k přípravě na přijímací zkoušky na lékařskou fakultu.; Příručka určená studentům, kteří se připravují ke studiu všeobecného lékařství na lékařských fakultách. Obsahuje cvičné otázky z biologie, chemie a fyziky, správné odpovědi a doporučené řešení.
- MeSH
- biologie MeSH
- chemie MeSH
- fyzika MeSH
- matematika MeSH
- přijímací zkouška na vysokou školu MeSH
- školy lékařské MeSH
- univerzity MeSH
- Publikační typ
- příručky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Přírodní vědy. Matematické vědy
- Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
- NLK Obory
- biologie
- chemie, klinická chemie
- fyzika, biofyzika
- NLK Publikační typ
- testy
Childhood and adolescent obesity has become an important public health issue, as it leads to higher risk of cardio-metabolic, orthopedic, and psychological comorbidities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in nutritional state and cardiovascular system parameters in obese children. Sixty respondents aged 9-17 years with alimentary obesity participated in this research. Anthropometric parameters (body weight (BWT), body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat (%), waist and hip circumference (WC and HC), waist-hip ratio (WHR)) and cardiovascular parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SP and DP), cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), ankle-brachial index (ABI), pulse wave velocity and its variability (PWV and PWVV), and parameters of pulse wave analysis) were measured. Every respondent went through two sets of measurements, the first (I.) after their admission to the children's hospital and the second (II.) at the end of their one-month-long therapeutic stay. Statistically significant differences between measurements I. and II. were observed in the following parameters: BWT (p < 0.01), BMI (p < 0.01), WC (p < 0.01), HC (p < 0.01), DP (p < 0.01), PWV (p < 0.05), and ABI (p < 0.01). The results of this study show that obesity has a mostly negative impact on the cardiovascular health of affected children, with likely negative results in their adulthood.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) have some strong advantages over more traditional types of contraception, including their consistently high contraceptive effect as well as multiple additional positive side effects. OCPs went through decades of intense pharmaceutical development and current formulas are well optimized - however, a handful of their negative side effects remain, including some that affect cardiovascular system, for example higher risk of hypertension, venous thromboembolism and increased arterial stiffness. The gold standard for arterial stiffness assessment is currently applanation tonometry, a method that relies on arterial pulse wave velocity measurement (PWV). Another possible method for arterial stiffness measurement is the use of the VaSera device, which measures cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). The aim of this study was to discover the effect of OCPs use on selected cardiovascular parameters related to arterial stiffness. We measured these cardiovascular parameters in the OCPs using group (OCP) and in the control group (CTRL) using applanation tonometer Sphygmocor and the VaSera device. Comparison of the data from both groups showed us significantly increased diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (crPWV) as well as significantly lower subendocardial viability index (SVI) in the OCP. These results imply a negative effect of hormonal contraceptives on the cardiovascular system with most of the negative changes affecting the peripheral arteries. Despite this evidence supporting the hypothesis of OCPs having a negative effect on cardiovascular health, further research is necessary.
- MeSH
- analýza pulzové vlny * MeSH
- arteriae carotides MeSH
- arteriální tlak MeSH
- hormonální antikoncepce * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- krevní tlak fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- tuhost cévní stěny * fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Gastropathy is one of the most common diseases of the human gastrointestinal tract. Apart from its consequences in the stomach, it is also manifested in other parts of the digestive tract, particularly in the duodenum. The aim of this pilot study was to verify on animal model the empirically observed alleviation of gastropathy symptoms in patients who underwent a drinking treatment of Vincentka natural mineral water during their spa treatment. Sixteen male Wistar rats were included in the study. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (E; n=8) and control group (C; n=8). The experimental protocol consisted of three phases: (1) handling phase (7 days); (2) mineral water (E)/tap water (C) administration (7 days); (3) acute gastritis induction (1 day). Twenty-four hours after the induction of acute gastritis, the animals were sacrificed. The collected tissues (stomach and duodenum) and blood were examined by standard histological microscopy, and by immunohistochemical and biochemical methods. Histopathological analysis revealed significantly reduced damage to the gastric mucosa in the experimental group. Significantly different values of blood plasma antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress parameters and blood plasma biochemical parameters were also found. Based on these results, we conclude that the mineral water Vincentka has a positive impact on development and symptoms of acute gastric ulcers.
