BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Deschloroketamine (DCK), a structural analogue of ketamine, has recently emerged on the illicit drug market as a recreational drug with a modestly long duration of action. Despite it being widely used by recreational users, no systematic research on its effects has been performed to date. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Pharmacokinetics, acute effects, and addictive potential in a series of behavioural tests in Wistar rats were performed following subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of DCK (5, 10, and 30 mg·kg-1 ) and its enantiomers S-DCK (10 mg·kg-1 ) and R-DCK (10 mg·kg-1 ). Additionally, activity at human N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors was also evaluated. KEY RESULTS: DCK rapidly crossed the blood brain barrier, with maximum brain levels achieved at 30 min and remaining high at 2 h after administration. Its antagonist activity at NMDA receptors is comparable to that of ketamine with S-DCK being more potent. DCK had stimulatory effects on locomotion, induced place preference, and robustly disrupted PPI. Locomotor stimulant effects tended to disappear more quickly than disruptive effects on PPI. S-DCK had more pronounced stimulatory properties than its R-enantiomer. However, the potency in disrupting PPI was comparable in both enantiomers. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: DCK showed similar behavioural and addictive profiles and pharmacodynamics to ketamine, with S-DCK being in general more active. It has a slightly slower pharmacokinetic profile than ketamine, which is consistent with its reported longer duration of action. These findings have implications and significance for understanding the risks associated with illicit use of DCK.

• MeSH
• chování zvířat * účinky léků   MeSH
• ketamin * aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   analogy a deriváty   farmakokinetika   farmakologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lokomoce * účinky léků   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• receptory N-methyl-D-aspartátu metabolismus   MeSH
• zakázané drogy * škodlivé účinky   farmakokinetika   farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Naphthylpyrovalerone (naphyrone) is a pyrovalerone cathinone that potently inhibits monoamine transporters and provides stimulatory-entactogenic effects. Little is known about the safety of naphyrone or its effects in vivo, and more research is needed to acquire knowledge about its fundamental effects on physiology and behaviour. Our objective was to investigate naphyrone's pharmacokinetics, acute toxicity, hyperthermic potential and stimulatory and psychotomimetic properties in vivo in male Wistar rats. Pharmacokinetics after 1 mg/kg subcutaneous (sc.) naphyrone were measured over 6 h in serum, the brain, liver and lungs. Rectal temperature (degree Celsius) was measured over 10 h in group-versus individually housed rats after 20 mg/kg sc. In the behavioural experiments, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg of naphyrone was administered 15 or 60 min prior to testing. Stimulation was assessed in the open field, and sensorimotor processing in a prepulse inhibition (PPI) task. Peak concentrations of naphyrone in serum and tissue were reached at 30 min, with a long-lasting elevation in the brain/serum ratio, consistent with observations of lasting hyperlocomotion in the open field and modest increases in body temperature. Administration of 20 mg/kg transiently enhanced PPI. Naphyrone crosses the blood-brain barrier rapidly and is eliminated slowly, and its long-lasting effects correspond to its pharmacokinetics. No specific signs of acute toxicity were observed; therefore, clinical care and harm-reduction guidance should be in line with that available for other stimulants and cathinones.

• MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• pentanony farmakokinetika   farmakologie   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• pyrrolidiny farmakokinetika   farmakologie   MeSH
• stimulanty centrálního nervového systému farmakokinetika   farmakologie   MeSH
• tělesná teplota účinky léků   MeSH
• termoregulace účinky léků   MeSH
• zakázané drogy farmakokinetika   farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• dopamin metabolismus   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• návykové chování etiologie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• nucleus accumbens fyziologie   metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• odměna MeSH
• prefrontální mozková kůra metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• reakční čas MeSH
• tegmentum mesencephali - area ventralis fyziologie   metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• zakázané drogy farmakokinetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH