INTRODUCTION: Tension pneumopericardium is a life-threatening condition, manifesting most commonly as hemodynamic instability caused by cardiac tamponade. Reduced cardiac output and blood pressure can lead to difficulties in the detection of arterial bleeding from associated injuries while the increased venous pressure can increase the rate of bleeding. CASE REPORT: This is the case of a patient after a car accident, with bilateral serial fractures, bilateral pulmonary contusion, bilateral pneumothorax, emphysema of the neck and chest, pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium, and other injuries. During treatment, the patient developed a gradually progressing hemodynamic instability, resulting in pulseless electrical activity. Further progression of the case is detailed in the paper. CONCLUSIONS: Tension pneumopericardium is a rare complication of a high-energy blunt thoracic trauma that manifests through hemodynamic instability. Its treatment requires early diagnosis and immediate decompression of the pericardial cavity, which should, where possible, be performed even before putting the patient on mechanical ventilation as ventilation bears a high risk of worsening the pneumopericardium due to the increased air pressure in the lungs. During diagnosis and treatment of associated injuries, we must bear in mind that the hemodynamic changes caused by pneumopericardium can mask typical signs of such injuries.
Fractured bones can regenerate and restore their biological and mechanical properties to the state prior to the damage. In some cases, however, the treatment of fractures requires the use of supportive implants. For bone healing, three processes are essential: the inflammatory phase, the repair phase and the remodelling phase. A proper course of the first - inflammatory - stage is important to ensure a successful fracture healing process. In our study, we evaluated tissue samples immunohistochemically from the area surrounding the fractures of upper and lower limbs (bone tissue, soft tissue, and the implant-adhering tissue) for markers: CD11b, CD15, CD34, CD44, CD68, Cathepsin K, and TRAcP that are linked to the aforementioned phases. In soft tissue, higher expressions of CD68, CD34, CD15 and CD11b markers were observed than in other locations. TRAcP and Cathepsin K markers were more expressed in the bone tissue, while pigmentation, necrosis and calcification were more observed in the implant-adhering tissue. Since even the implant materials commonly perceived as inert elicit the observed inflammatory responses, new surface treatments and materials need to be developed.
PURPOSE: Treatment of pelvic fractures is often complicated. Here, we intended to evaluate the intraoperative benefits of using 2D computer navigation when compared with traditional fluoroscopy on X-ray burden, surgical time and screw placement accuracy. METHODS: In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the records of 25 patients who underwent osteosynthesis of a posterior pelvic fracture using fluoroscopy at the University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic between 2011 and 2019, and 32 patients from the same department and period in whom 2D computer navigation was used. RESULTS: Intraoperative X-ray burden was significantly lower in the group with 2D computer navigation (median 650 vs 1024 cGy/cm2), as was the duration of the surgery (41 vs 45 min). This was most obvious where two screws were inserted (X-ray dose of 994 vs 1847 cGy/cm2 and 48 vs 70 min, respectively). Correction of the path for wire placement after the original drilling was necessary in 2 patients (6%) from the 2D computer navigation group and 15 patients from the fluoroscopy group (60%). Still, no malposition of the screws nor dislocation of the posterior pelvic segment after 12 months was observed in any patient of either group; of complications, only three superficial infections in the 2D navigation group and 2 in the fluoroscopy group were observed. CONCLUSION: 2D computer navigation is a safe and accurate method for placement of screws during posterior pelvic fracture osteosynthesis, associated with lower intraoperative radiation burden and shorter surgical times compared to standard fluoroscopy, especially if two screws are inserted.
- MeSH
- Surgery, Computer-Assisted * methods MeSH
- Fluoroscopy methods MeSH
- Fractures, Bone * diagnostic imaging surgery MeSH
- Bone Screws MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Computers MeSH
- Retrospective Studies MeSH
- Fracture Fixation, Internal methods MeSH
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Open pelvic fractures are devastating injuries with high mortality and morbidity that require aggressive treatment and multidisciplinary approach to achieve the best results. We present three cases of open pelvic fracture with a Faringer I zone injury, which were treated at our level I trauma centre in 2020. The patients were treated with external fixation without the need for fecal diversion. None of the patients died. Early control of bleeding, appropriate treatment of soft tissues and prevention of fecal contamination are critical for the treatment of patients with open pelvic fractures. A multidisciplinary approach relying on an experienced and trained team is essential for successful treatment of these injuries. Key words: pelvis fracture, open fracture, trauma.
- MeSH
- Fracture Fixation MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Fractures, Open * diagnostic imaging surgery MeSH
- Pelvis MeSH
- Pelvic Bones * diagnostic imaging injuries surgery MeSH
- Trauma Centers MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Case Reports MeSH
Data on the effectiveness of arthroscopic arthrolysis and extraction of osteosynthetic material after osteosynthesis of the proximal humerus in patients with persisting problems are rare and insufficient. In this study, we performed arthroscopic arthrolysis and extraction of fixation screws, and, where protruding, extraction of the nail in 34 patients with problems persisting 12 months after osteosynthesis of the proximal humerus using an intramedullary nail. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed using the Constant-Murley shoulder score and forward flexion difference between the treated arm and the contralateral one. A median increase of 16 points in CMS score and 30 degrees reduction in the arm forward flexion difference was recorded 12 months after the arthroscopy. The improvement was significantly higher in the patient group with intramedullary nail extraction (however, this group had worse pre-operative values and the screw was only extracted where likely to cause problems). The median time to heal was 11 weeks; no serious peri- or post-procedural complications occurred. Mini-invasive arthroscopic arthrolysis combined with extraction of osteosynthetic material proved to be a safe and effective method for treatment of patients after osteosynthesis of the proximal humerus using an intramedullary nail with persisting pain and/or mobility limitation.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Introduction: Reports on the use of computer-assisted trauma surgery of comminuted scapula fracture are still quite rare. In this article, we present a case of comminuted scapula fracture, the surgical reconstruction of which was pre-operatively planned using a complex software solution. Materials and methods: For surgical planning of the fracture, we used the TraumaTech software facilitating virtual reconstruction (both manual and automatic), surgery planning, design of the implant, planning of screw placement and lengths, and production of a 3D print model of the fracture and the implant. The software also supported ordering such custom-made plate from a plate producer who was capable of fast and precise production of the plate. Results: The surgery using the custom-ordered plate was successful. The actual used screw lengths did not differ from the planned ones by more than 2 mm. One year after the surgery, the patient was capable of more demanding activities and doing sports activities. Conclusion: This approach provides a great way to prevent complications of the surgery and to shorten its duration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of the treatment of a scapula comminuted fracture utilizing computer-assisted preoperative planning.
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
Background: The standard ATLS protocol calls for chest drain insertion in patients with hemothorax before performing further diagnostic steps. However, if trauma-induced thoracic aortic rupture is the underlying cause, such drainage can lead to massive bleeding and death of the patient. Case report: This report describes a case of a polytrauma patient (car accident), aged 21, with symmetrical chest and decreased breath sounds dorsally on the left. An urgent CT scan revealed subadventitial Grade III thoracic aortic transection with mediastinal hematoma, a massive left-sided hemothorax with mediastinal shift to the right, and other injuries. Stent-graft implantation with subsequent left hemithorax drainage was urgently performed, during which the patient became increasingly unstable from the circulatory point of view. This traumatic hemorrhagic shock was successfully managed at the ICU. Conclusion: Although hemothorax is a serious condition requiring rapid treatment, the knowledge of its origin is of utmost importance; performing chest drainage without bleeding control can lead to circulatory instability and death of the patient. Hence, where aortic injury can be suspected based on the mechanism of the injury, it is beneficial to perform spiral CT angiography for accurate diagnosis first and, in cases of aortic injury, to control the bleeding prior to drainage.
- MeSH
- Hemothorax * diagnostic imaging etiology surgery MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed MeSH
- Aortic Rupture * complications diagnostic imaging surgery MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
ÚVOD: Distální cílení intramedulárních hřebů má celosvětově různá řešení, avšak žádné z nich není standardně používané. Nejčastější používanou metodou v praxi je cílení pomocí zmíněné peroperační skiaskopie, což zvyšuje dávky RTG záření jak pro pacienta, tak pro personál. V roce 2018 byl registrován v České republice intramedulární hřeb pro osteosyntézu zlomenin diafýz humeru s možností cílení distálních jistících šroubů pomocí elektromagnetického systému pro distální cílení. CÍL PRÁCE: Popis nové metody a prvních zkušeností distálního cílení intramedulárního hřebu humeru pomocí elektromagnetického systému pro distální cílení. MATERIÁL A METODA: Na Klinice úrazové chirurgie FN Ostrava jsme doposud provedli šest osteosyntéz zlomenin diafýz humeru pomocí intramedulárního hřebu s elektromagnetickým distálním cílením u šesti pacientů - pěti mužů a jedné ženy. Průměrný věk pacientů byl 38 let (24–52). K osteosyntéze jsme indikovali zlomeniny typu 12 A (n-4) a 12B (n-2) dle AO/OTA klasifikace. VÝSLEDKY: Průměrný operační čas byl 56 minut, průměrný čas přípravy elektromagnetického cílení byl 13,33 minut, průměrný čas distálního jištění byl 8,33 minut, průměrný skiaskopický čas během operace byl 4,05 minut. ZÁVĚR: Systém pro distální cílení dlouhých humerálních hřebů Ezy-aim firmy Austofix představuje možnost inovativního cílení a vrtání otvorů pro distální jistící šrouby. Jeho výhodou je minimalizace rentgenového záření během operace a také přesnost vrtání. Nevýhodou je složitější příprava ramene pro distální cílení a jeho kalibrace a také propojení s řídící jednotkou kabely.
- Keywords
- distální cílení hřebu, elektromagnetický systém, Ezy-aim,
- MeSH
- Diaphyses surgery injuries MeSH
- Humeral Fractures surgery MeSH
- Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary * methods MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Distal targeting of intramedullary nails has different solutions worldwide, but none of them is used as a standard. The most common method used in practice is targeting by means of the aforementioned peroperative skiascopy, which increases the dose of Xrays for both the patient and the staff. In 2018, an intramedullary nail for osteosynthesis of humeral diaphyseal fractures with the possibility of targeting the distal locking screws using an electromagnetic system for distal targeting was registered in the Czech Republic. AIM OF THE STUDY: Description of a new method and first experience with distal targeting of the intramedullary humeral nail using an electromagnetic system for distal targeting. MATERIAL AND METHOD: At the Department of Trauma Surgery, Ostrava University Hospital, we have so far performed 6 osteosyntheses of humeral diaphyseal fractures using an intramedullary nail with electromagnetic distal targeting in 6 patients - 5 men and one woman. The average age of patients was 38 years (24-52). Osteosynthesis was indicated for type 12A (n-4) and 12B (n-2) fractures according to the AO/OTA classification. RESULTS: The average operative time was 56 min, the average electromagnetic targeting preparation time was 13.33 min, the average distal fixation time was 8.33 min, the average skiascopic time during the operation was 4,05 min. CONCLUSION: The Austofix Ezy-aim distal targeting system for long humeral studs offers an innovative way of targeting and drilling holes for distal locking screws. Its advantage is the minimization of X-ray radiation during the operation and also the accuracy of drilling. The disadvantage is more complex preparation of the arm for distal targeting and its calibration, as well as connection to the control unit by cables.
- Keywords
- distální cílení hřebu, elektromagnetický systém, Ezy-aim,
- MeSH
- Diaphyses surgery injuries MeSH
- Humeral Fractures surgery MeSH
- Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary * methods MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
ÚVOD: Osteosyntéza poranění zadního segmentu pánve iliosakrálními šrouby je jedna z nejčastěji používaných metod v současné době. Nejpřesnější metodou kontroly těchto typů operací je CT navigace. Cílem práce bylo zhodnotit použití počítačové CT navigace během osteosyntézy zadního segmentu pánve na kazuistice. METODA A VÝSLEDKY: U 58letého pacienta s poraněním pánve byla provedena osteosyntéza dysjunkce levého sakroiliakalního kloubu pomocí kanylovaného šroubu. Tato operace byla provedená pod kontrolou počítačové CT navigace. Byl sledován čas jednotlivých částí operačního výkonu a také dávka peroperačního RTG záření. DISKUZE: V současné době není počítačová CT navigace v traumatologii pánve běžně používaná, větší zkušenosti jsou s CT navigovanou operaci pánve. Ve světové literatuře existují práce na menších souborech pacientů, kde je prokázán její přínos oproti standardním metodám. ZÁVĚR: Použití počítačové CT navigace u osteosyntézy zadního segmentu pánve umožňuje lepší orientaci v sakroiliakální oblasti. Je možné přesné zacílení šroubů do křížové kosti v segmentech S1, S2.
- MeSH
- Surgery, Computer-Assisted methods MeSH
- Bone Screws MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Pelvis * surgery injuries MeSH
- Multiple Trauma MeSH
- Positron-Emission Tomography MeSH
- Fracture Fixation, Internal methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
