The aim of this study was to estimate across-country genetic correlations for calving traits (birth weight, calving ease) in the Limousine breed. Correlations were estimated for eight populations (Czech Republic, joint population of Denmark, Finland, and Sweden, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Slovenia, Switzerland, and Estonia). An animal model on raw performance accounting for across-country interactions (AMACI) was used. (Co)variance components were estimated for pairwise combinations of countries. Fixed and random effects were defined by each country according to its national genetic evaluation system. The average across-country genetic correlation for the direct genetic effect was 0.85 for birth weight (0.69-0.96) and 0.75 for calving ease (0.62-0.94). The average correlation for the maternal genetic effect was 0.57 for birth weight and 0.61 for calving ease. After the estimation of genetic parameters, the weighted bending procedure was used to compute the full Interbeef genetic correlation matrix. After bending, direct genetic correlations ranged from 0.62 to 0.84 (with an average of 0.73) for birth weight and from 0.58 to 0.82 (with an average of 0.68) for calving ease.

• MeSH
• modely u zvířat MeSH
• porodní hmotnost * genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Spojené království MeSH
• Švédsko MeSH

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for longevity and assess the suitability of using these selection criteria to improve the genetic merit of the beef cattle population of the Czech Republic. The performance record database, which contains records of 363,000 beef cattle animals of 19 breeds and their crosses, was used. The populations of Charolais and Aberdeen Angus were large enough that the genetic parameter estimations and all analyses were done for these breeds separately. Two similar approaches of longevity definition based on probabilities were considered as follows: productive longevity (PL), which is the number of calvings at target ages of 78, 90, 150, and 160 mo, and longevity (L), which is based on the probabilities of cow reappearance in the next parity. A multibreed single-trait animal model for L and a multitrait animal model for combinations of 78/150 and 90/160 mo for PL were used. Specific combinations of months were established based on the analysis and represented the critical culling rates in the studied population. The high genetic correlations (0.88-0.95) of the combination 90/160 suggested that the PL at 160 mo of age can be predicted on the basis of the value at 90 mo, which will make earlier selection possible. Combination 78/150 is less efficient in the Czech population of beef cattle due to the lower correlations (0.79-0.93) between traits. The estimated heritabilities were low for both traits (below 0.14), but the additive genetic variance was sufficient for identifying animals with high genetic merit.

• MeSH
• chov MeSH
• dlouhověkost genetika   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• genetická variace * MeSH
• parita MeSH
• rozmnožování * MeSH
• skot genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• skot genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

OBJECTIVES: This article proposes a new approach, called the "similarity coefficient" (SC) for verifying family relationships from skeletal remains using nonmetric traits. Based on this method and further analyses, the authors aim to show the degree of similarity between individuals with varying degrees of kinship, including inbred individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our sample includes the skeletal remains of 34 individuals with known genealogical data (four generations, 19th to 20th centuries). A total of 243 skeletal nonmetric traits were evaluated with respect to their anatomical characteristics. The SC was calculated by quantifying the agreement of trait occurrence between individuals. We also identified the traits that support the biological relationships of particular individuals by accounting for their population frequencies. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between the morphological similarity of biologically related individuals and their biological distance. In some cases, we found greater degree of morphological similarity between first cousins than among other close relatives such as parents and children. At the same time, there was no statistically significant difference in the degree of similarity between inbred individuals and common relatives. Proven family relationships were best reflected by cranial traits, especially bone bridges associated with the courses of blood vessels and nerves. CONCLUSIONS: The use of skeletal nonmetric traits for the detection of relatives is possible. There is a relationship between biological distance and the degree of morphological similarity in related individuals. It also appears that inbreeding, despite previous assumptions, does not lead to a significant reduction in morphological variation.

• MeSH
• antropologie fyzická metody   MeSH
• antropometrie MeSH
• běloši * MeSH
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genealogie a heraldika * MeSH
• inbreeding MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• rodina * MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Regression coefficients and genetic variances for 40,890 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for milk yield were calculated using mixed model equations, with deregressed proof (DRP) as the dependent variable. Bulls were genotyped using the Illumina BovineSNP50 v2 BeadChip and SNPs were edited according the minor allele frequency (MAF) and high incidence of missing genotype. Evaluation was conducted in two rounds. In the preliminary round, the direct genetic values (DGVs) of all genotyped bulls (2,904) were computed and the absolute difference between the DGV and the input DRP of each bull was investigated. Bulls with an absolute difference greater than the mean absolute difference plus two standard deviations were eliminated from the data set prior to the final analysis (2,766 bulls remaining). SNP regression coefficients from the final analysis had a mean absolute value of 0.506 kg and a standard deviation of 0.409 kg. The SNP with the highest regression coefficient and genetic variance was ARSBFGLNGS4939 on chromosome 14. This SNP is located within the gene DGAT1 (diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1). Other SNPs with high regression coefficients and genetic variance are localised in proximity to DGAT1. The mean genetic variance of an individual SNP was 0.170, with a standard deviation of 0.384 and a mean heterozygosity of 0.372. The sum of genetic variances of all SNPs was only 6,968.8, probably because of the existence of genetic covariances between loci. The largest sum of genetic variances was on chromosome 14 (498.4, 7.15 % of the total). After the final analysis, the correlation between the DGV and the input DRP was 0.951 for all bulls. The variance of the predicted DGV was 98.11 % of the variance of the input estimated breeding value (EBV) and 63.65 % of the variance of the DRP.

• MeSH
• chov MeSH
• diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferasa genetika   MeSH
• frekvence genu MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus * MeSH
• mlékárenství MeSH
• mléko * MeSH
• modely genetické MeSH
• skot genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• skot genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH