This review is to summarize and analyze the currently available knowledge concerning the action of oat (Avena sativa L.) consumption on obesity, as well as possible constituents and extra- and intracellular mediators responsible for its anti-obesity effect. The oat constituents could reduce fat storage via several mediatory mechanisms - brain centers regulating appetite, gastrointestinal functions, gut bacteria, fat synthesis and metabolism and maybe via changes in oxidative processes, steroid hormones receptors and adipose tissue vascularization. Several oat constituents (starch, fiber and beta-glucan) could have anti-obesity properties, whilst one oat constituent (starch or fiber) could affect fat storage via several mechanisms of action.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obezita metabolismus MeSH
- oves * metabolismus MeSH
- potravní vláknina * metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- škrob metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- tuková tkáň metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Chronic cutaneous pain has a substantial negative impact on quality of life (QoL). Dermo-cosmetics can support therapies for treatment of chronic skin diseases, providing symptomatic relief from chronic cutaneous pain and improved QoL. OBJECTIVES: To assess the global tolerance and efficacy of a dermo-cosmetic spray containing Rhealba® Oat Plantlet and Uncaria tomentosa extracts in reducing cutaneous pain when used as a monotherapy or in association with drug or dermo-cosmetic treatments in patients with an underlying skin pathology. METHODS: Patients aged ≥1 month with a cutaneous pain level ≥3 and an underlying skin pathology were provided with the spray to use up to six times daily for 6-8 weeks. Immediate effect on cutaneous pain and patient satisfaction were assessed after the first application. Global efficacy and tolerance, reduction in symptoms, improvement in QoL, pain reduction and patient overall satisfaction were assessed after 6-8 weeks. RESULTS: Immediately after the first application, significant reductions in cutaneous pain were observed across all age groups (P < 0.0001), with 94% of patients reporting a reduction in pain. After 6-8 weeks, global tolerance was rated 'very good' or 'good' for 97% of patients, and the spray was efficacious in 95% of patients. Patient satisfaction with the efficacy of the spray was 95%. QoL scores improved in 86% and 94% of patients aged ≥12 and <12 years, respectively. Findings were similar across underlying pathology and therapy types (monotherapy or in association with another therapy). CONCLUSIONS: The spray was well-tolerated and efficacious in providing symptom relief in patients with mild-to-moderate cutaneous pain, irrespective of the underlying pathology or therapy type.
- MeSH
- bolest farmakoterapie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- kočičí dráp (rostlina) * MeSH
- kosmetické přípravky * MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- oves MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- fytoterapie MeSH
- jedlá semena MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oves * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- populární práce MeSH
Oats represent a promising alternative to small-grain cereals from Triticeae group (wheat, barley, rye) for persons suffering from any form of gluten intolerance, especially celiac disease (CD), since oat-specific prolamins avenins reveal generally lower gluten content and immunoreactivity. Recent studies on avenin molecular structure revealed large genetic variability in avenin sequences affecting the spectrum of gluten peptides produced by hydrolases in human digestive tract. The aim of the present review is to summarise recent knowledge obtained in laboratory studies focused on the effect of avenin-derived peptides on reactivity of crucial components of human immune system such as dendritic cells (DC) and T-cells. The other part of the review summarises the results of clinical studies with CD patients including oat products in their diet. Since different clinical studies revealed contradictory results regarding potential safety of oats for CD patients, the focus has to be directed at genetic variability in oat avenins. Identification of avenin isoforms with minimum CD immunoreactivity will open up ways leading to designing novel oat cultivars suitable for CD patients. Knowledge on immunoreactivity of gluten peptides together with breeding new oat cultivars revealing minimum avenin immunoreactivity with respect to CD as well as application of food processing technologies leading to gluten content reduction should result in development of gluten-free oats safe for celiacs.
- MeSH
- bezlepková dieta MeSH
- celiakie * MeSH
- gluteny MeSH
- jedlá semena MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oves * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
A therapeutic gluten-free diet often has nutritional limitations. Nutritional qualities such as high protein content, the presence of biologically active and beneficial substances (fiber, beta-glucans, polyunsaturated fatty acids, essential amino acids, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals), and tolerance by the majority of celiac patients make oat popular for use in gluten-free diet. The health risk of long-time consumption of oat by celiac patients is a matter of debate. The introduction of oat into the diet is only recommended for celiac patients in remission. Furthermore, not every variety of oat is also appropriate for a gluten-free diet. The risk of sensitization and an adverse immunologically mediated reaction is a real threat in some celiac patients. Several unsolved issues still exist which include the following: (1) determination of the susceptibility markers for the subgroup of celiac patients who are at risk because they do not tolerate dietary oat, (2) identification of suitable varieties of oat and estimating the safe dose of oat for the diet, and (3) optimization of methods for detecting the gliadin contamination in raw oat used in a gluten-free diet.
- MeSH
- bezlepková dieta * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- celiakie diagnóza dietoterapie imunologie MeSH
- gliadin škodlivé účinky imunologie MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- jedlá semena * škodlivé účinky klasifikace imunologie MeSH
- klinické rozhodování MeSH
- kontaminace potravin MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nutriční hodnota MeSH
- oves * škodlivé účinky klasifikace imunologie MeSH
- výběr pacientů MeSH
- výživové doporučené dávky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Avenanthramides are biologically active substances of phenolic nature. They are present exclusively in oats where, however, their concentrations are relatively high (200 mg kg–1). Three of avenanthramides are mostly repre-sented in the oat grains: N-[3ʹ,4ʹ-dihydroxy-(E)-cinnamoyl]--5-hydroxyanthranilic acid (2c), N-[4ʹ-hydroxy-(E)-cinna-moyl]-5-hydroxyanthranilic acid (2p) and N-[4ʹ-hydroxy- -3ʹmethoxy-(E)-cinnamoyl]-5-hydroxyanthranilic acid (2f). Avenanthramides have significant biological effects, espe-cially antioxidative, but are also interesting due to the ben-eficial effects in oncological diseases, in the process of atherosclerosis, inflammation, diabetes mellitus or derma-tological diseases. Their interesting properties may lead to the inclusion of them in potential therapeutic drugs in the future. For this reason, the need of a study of avenan-thramides as well as of the methods of their determination is increasing. In the article we provide an overview of the latest trends in the extraction and determination of avenan-thramides.
- Klíčová slova
- avenantramidy,
- MeSH
- antioxidancia * MeSH
- arterioskleróza prevence a kontrola MeSH
- farmakokinetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prevence a kontrola MeSH
- oves MeSH
- polyfenoly * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Physico-chemical, functional and antioxidant capacities of 26 oat (Avena sativa L.) lines and cultivars were investigated. The results showed that the contents were considerably variable within samples, starch concentration (44,83-63,79%), carbohydrate (42,08-62,65%), protein (9,67-17,44%), fat (3,06-10,96%), β-glucan (1,37-6,05%) and ash (1,22-5,38%). The analysis of fatty acids composition indicated that, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid and linolenic were the major fatty acids in oat lipids, and that the contents of total UFA in assessed material varied between72, 29-80,11%. Moreover, the phenolic content varied from 23,1 to 56,5 mg GAE/100g, carotenoids content range from 0,98 to 4,34 µg β-carotene equivalents/g and antioxidant activity, evaluated as DPPH radical scavenging activity, from 12,2 to 46,7%. The Protein profiles showed nearly identical nature of electrophoresis patterns, indicating no eventual change in protein quality. It could be concluded here that the flour of issue from these cultivars provide health benefits and high added value, if included as an ingredient for making new functional food products to meet the demands of health conscious generation.
The cultivation and fructification of 15 saprotrophic and wood-rotting fungal strains were tested on three various semi-natural medium. The formation of fruit bodies was observed for Panellus stipticus, Psilocybe cubensis, Schizophyllum commune and Stropharia rugosoannulata in the frame of 1-2 months. Mercury translocation from the substrate to the fruit bodies was then followed in oat flakes medium. Translocation was followed for treatments of 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20ppm Hg in the substrate. All four fungi formed fruit bodies in almost all replicates. The fruit body yield varied from 0.5 to 15.3g dry weight. The highest bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 2.99 was found for P. cubensis at 1.25ppm Hg. The BCF decreased with increasing Hg concentration in the substrate: 2.49, 0, 2.38, 1.71 and 1.82 for P. stipticus; 3.00, 2.78, 2.48, 1.81 and 2.15 for P. cubensis; 2.47, 1.81, 1.78, 1.07 and 0.96 for S. commune; and 1.96, 1.84, 1.21, 1.71 and 0.96 for S. rugosoannulata. The Hg contents in the fruit bodies reflected the Hg contents in the substrate; the highest contents in the fruit bodies were found in P. cubensis (43.08±7.36ppm Hg) and P. stipticus (36.42±3.39ppm).
